Nature Reviews Physics最新文献_第4页

Complexity from minimal state spreading 最小状态传播带来的复杂性

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00967-0

Rathindra Nath Das

引用次数: 0

Non-idealities in artificial synapses 人工突触的非理想性

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00957-2

Shafin Bin Hamid, Jean Anne C. Incorvia, Samuel Liu

{"title":"Non-idealities in artificial synapses","authors":"Shafin Bin Hamid, Jean Anne C. Incorvia, Samuel Liu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00957-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00957-2","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing energy and latency demands of artificial intelligence workloads in data-intensive applications are limited by the traditional von Neumann computer architecture, in which the memory and processing units are physically separated. Non-volatile memory technologies offer opportunities for analog in-memory computing that can go beyond these limits. These architectures consist of artificial synapses in dense crossbar arrays in which processing and memory can be combined. However, artificial synapses have various non-ideal effects, including nonlinearity, asymmetry, variability, limited endurance and retention loss which affect their capacity to be integrated into reliable accelerator platforms. In this Review, we consider the ideal synapse model and classify the effects that deviate from this ideality. In addition to discussing techniques to counter non-idealities that span material, device, circuit-level and algorithm-level design, we also consider cases that leverage deviations from the ideal towards specific applications. We make the case that the most effective synapse is one whose imperfections are well understood and can be harnessed in synergy with system-level goals. Artificial synapses based on non-volatile memory exhibit non-ideal effects that can limit the performance of neuromorphic systems. This Review discusses their origins, mitigation strategies and opportunities to exploit these non-idealities for new computing functionalities.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 9","pages":"541-560"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The unreasonable usefulness of black holes 黑洞的不可思议的用处

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00966-1

引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy 超高时空分辨率太赫兹扫描隧道显微镜

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7

Jiayu Xu, Yunpeng Xia, Qiuyan Lin, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Jia-Xin Yin

{"title":"Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy","authors":"Jiayu Xu, Yunpeng Xia, Qiuyan Lin, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Jia-Xin Yin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and controlling matter at atomic scales is critical for materials science and condensed matter physics, as many macroscopic properties stem from phenomena and mechanisms at sub-nanometre dimensions. Although optical spectroscopy remains a cornerstone of materials characterization, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become an essential tool because of its atomic-level spatial resolution. Terahertz (THz) STM brings together these two approaches by introducing picosecond THz pulses into the STM junction. This enables the exploration and manipulation of electron dynamics, molecular motions and many-body states with both atomic spatial and sub-picosecond temporal resolution. Here, we review the principles, methodologies and applications of THz-STM, highlighting its unique ability to simultaneously access temporal, spatial and energy domains to provide insight into ultrafast nanoscale phenomena and driving advances in next-generation technologies. We project future opportunities for THz-STM in quantum materials, including measuring non-equilibrium quantum topology that may feature Floquet and non-Hermitian physics as well as exploring optical control of superconductivity and light-induced Cooper pairing. Terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy integrates picosecond pulses with atomic resolution, enabling detailed analysis of electron dynamics and molecular motions. This Technical Review outlines methods and applications, emphasizing insights into ultrafast phenomena and potential advances in quantum materials and technologies.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 8","pages":"508-520"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy 超高时空分辨率太赫兹扫描隧道显微镜

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7

Jiayu Xu, Yunpeng Xia, Qiuyan Lin, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Jia-Xin Yin

{"title":"Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy","authors":"Jiayu Xu, Yunpeng Xia, Qiuyan Lin, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Jia-Xin Yin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00952-7","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and controlling matter at atomic scales is critical for materials science and condensed matter physics, as many macroscopic properties stem from phenomena and mechanisms at sub-nanometre dimensions. Although optical spectroscopy remains a cornerstone of materials characterization, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become an essential tool because of its atomic-level spatial resolution. Terahertz (THz) STM brings together these two approaches by introducing picosecond THz pulses into the STM junction. This enables the exploration and manipulation of electron dynamics, molecular motions and many-body states with both atomic spatial and sub-picosecond temporal resolution. Here, we review the principles, methodologies and applications of THz-STM, highlighting its unique ability to simultaneously access temporal, spatial and energy domains to provide insight into ultrafast nanoscale phenomena and driving advances in next-generation technologies. We project future opportunities for THz-STM in quantum materials, including measuring non-equilibrium quantum topology that may feature Floquet and non-Hermitian physics as well as exploring optical control of superconductivity and light-induced Cooper pairing. Terahertz scanning tunnelling microscopy integrates picosecond pulses with atomic resolution, enabling detailed analysis of electron dynamics and molecular motions. This Technical Review outlines methods and applications, emphasizing insights into ultrafast phenomena and potential advances in quantum materials and technologies.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 8","pages":"508-520"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery is not the opposite of application 发现并不是应用的对立面

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00964-3

Hiranya V. Peiris

引用次数: 0

Data-driven discovery of dynamical models in biology 生物学动态模型的数据驱动发现

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00955-4

Bartosz Prokop, Lendert Gelens

{"title":"Data-driven discovery of dynamical models in biology","authors":"Bartosz Prokop, Lendert Gelens","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00955-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00955-4","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamical systems theory provides a mathematical framework for describing how interacting biological components evolve over time and space, from molecular oscillators to large-scale biological patterns. Such systems often involve nonlinear feedbacks, delays and multiscale interactions, making mechanistic model construction increasingly challenging as experimental measurements become richer and higher dimensional. This has motivated the development of data-driven approaches that infer model structure directly from data, offering alternative routes to constructing dynamical models. In this Technical Review, we discuss and compare data-driven approaches for model discovery in biological dynamical systems, focusing on three major methodological families: regression-based methods, network-based architectures and decomposition techniques. This Technical Review compares data-driven approaches for discovering dynamical models in biology, focusing on regression-based methods, network-based architectures and decomposition techniques. It describes how these approaches extract dynamical information from time-resolved data and evaluates their strengths, limitations and complementarity.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 9","pages":"561-578"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radioactive molecules as laboratories of fundamental physics 放射性分子作为基础物理的实验室

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9

A. Jadbabaie, S. Ebadi, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, N. R. Hutzler, A. M. Jayich, J. T. Singh

{"title":"Radioactive molecules as laboratories of fundamental physics","authors":"A. Jadbabaie, S. Ebadi, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, N. R. Hutzler, A. M. Jayich, J. T. Singh","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9","url":null,"abstract":"Radioactive molecules provide a new platform in the search for new physics, at energy scales complementary to those probed by high-energy particle colliders. By combining enhancements from nuclear properties with the sensitivity and control offered by molecular structure, experiments with radioactive molecules offer great reach in the search for physics beyond the standard model. Progress in this field is being driven by advances in the production and control of radioactive molecules, alongside the development of new experimental tools and theoretical techniques. In this Perspective, we discuss the current status and future prospects of this rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field at the intersection of nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics and particle physics. Radioactive molecules containing octupole-deformed nuclei offer a promising platform for measuring fundamental symmetry violations and searching for new physics. This Perspective discusses how advances in their production, trapping and molecular quantum control are enabling precision tests of fundamental physics at energy scales complementary to those probed by high-energy colliders.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 8","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radioactive molecules as laboratories of fundamental physics 放射性分子作为基础物理的实验室

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9

A. Jadbabaie, S. Ebadi, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, N. R. Hutzler, A. M. Jayich, J. T. Singh

{"title":"Radioactive molecules as laboratories of fundamental physics","authors":"A. Jadbabaie, S. Ebadi, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, N. R. Hutzler, A. M. Jayich, J. T. Singh","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00950-9","url":null,"abstract":"Radioactive molecules provide a new platform in the search for new physics, at energy scales complementary to those probed by high-energy particle colliders. By combining enhancements from nuclear properties with the sensitivity and control offered by molecular structure, experiments with radioactive molecules offer great reach in the search for physics beyond the standard model. Progress in this field is being driven by advances in the production and control of radioactive molecules, alongside the development of new experimental tools and theoretical techniques. In this Perspective, we discuss the current status and future prospects of this rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field at the intersection of nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics and particle physics. Radioactive molecules containing octupole-deformed nuclei offer a promising platform for measuring fundamental symmetry violations and searching for new physics. This Perspective discusses how advances in their production, trapping and molecular quantum control are enabling precision tests of fundamental physics at energy scales complementary to those probed by high-energy colliders.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 8","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrospray ion beam deposition for scanning tunnelling microscopy of complex molecules 电喷雾离子束沉积在复杂分子扫描隧穿显微镜中的应用

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00965-2

Dhaneesh Kumar

引用次数: 0