{"title":"Tips for writing opinion articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00815-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00815-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Physics publishes short opinion articles each month. How can you write a compelling one?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"129-129"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-025-00815-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of insect respiration","authors":"Saadbin Khan, Anne E. Staples","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00811-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00811-x","url":null,"abstract":"Insect respiration is characterized by the rapid transport of respiratory gases within the organism and efficient exchange with the external environment. The unique respiratory system of insects comprises a network of tracheal tubes that directly supply oxygen to the cells throughout the body of an insect, eliminating the need for blood as an intermediate oxygen carrier. The remarkable diversity of insects and their exceptionally high aerobic scope, possibly the highest in the animal kingdom, demonstrate the success of their respiratory strategy. Microfluidic technology, particularly in the domain of gas microfluidics, also stands to benefit from emulating the mechanical proficiency demonstrated by insects in manipulating fluids at the microscale. Despite this significance, current understanding of the fundamental principles underlying insect respiration is incomplete. This Review presents an overview of insect respiratory physics and identifies promising areas for future investigations. This Review summarizes the fundamental physical mechanisms of insect respiration, in which specialized tracheal networks enable highly efficient direct oxygen delivery and gas exchange. It discusses how these principles may inform bioinspired innovations in microscale gas transport technology.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intersectionality, physics and emergence","authors":"Philip Phillips","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00812-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00812-w","url":null,"abstract":"There is a natural though unexpected resonance between the concept of intersectionality — the simultaneous and compounded impact of two or more axes of discrimination — and that of emergence in physics.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"132-133"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visualizing twisted 2D materials with electron channelling contrast imaging","authors":"Evan Tillotson","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00810-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00810-y","url":null,"abstract":"Evan Tillotson describes how scanning electron microscopy imaging can be used to characterize twisted 2D materials.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"134-134"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engage with the method not the madness","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00809-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00809-5","url":null,"abstract":"The boundaries between science and pseudoscience are not always clear cut, as topics move in and out of the culturally accepted core of science. Rather, science needs to be judged on the merits of its methodology.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 2","pages":"63-63"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-025-00809-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How the Cold War changed quantum education","authors":"David Kaiser","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00808-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00808-6","url":null,"abstract":"The way you were taught quantum mechanics depends on when you were a student; pedagogical approaches over the last century have been driven by social and political trends. Physicist and historian, David Kaiser, charts how the emphasis of quantum education has oscillated between philosophy and practicality.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"130-131"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romain Claes, Samuel Poncé, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Geoffroy Hautier
{"title":"Phonon-limited electronic transport through first principles","authors":"Romain Claes, Samuel Poncé, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Geoffroy Hautier","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00795-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00795-0","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding electronic transport in materials is essential to both fundamental and applied physics, as it directly influences critical properties such as the mobility of semiconductors and the efficiency of thermoelectric materials. Electron transport hinges on electronic structure of a material and various scattering events. Among these, scattering by phonons stands out as one of the most fundamental mechanisms, as it occurs even in pristine single crystals. But only recently have advances in the development of accurate first-principles methods allowed the precise calculation of electronic transport properties entirely from first principles, without relying on experimental parameters. This Technical Review presents the underlying physics of phonon-limited linear transport, primarily within the framework of the Boltzmann transport formalism but also for alternative approaches, such as the Landauer–Büttiker and Kubo frameworks. In addition, this Review covers technical aspects of implementing these formalisms, including their limitations and the scope of their applicability. Finally, we will discuss some specific transport regimes, such as transport in a strong electric field or involving the effect of spin–orbit coupling. A better understanding of electronic transport in semiconductors is essential for both fundamental and applied physics, as it directly affects key material properties such as the conductivity and thermoelectric quantities. This Technical Review explores different frameworks and computational tools available for computing these properties of semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 2","pages":"73-90"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuoming Zhang, Yang Ding, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Denis V. Seletskiy, Masaru Kuno
{"title":"Principles for demonstrating condensed phase optical refrigeration","authors":"Zhuoming Zhang, Yang Ding, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Denis V. Seletskiy, Masaru Kuno","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00804-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00804-2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical refrigeration, or condensed phase laser cooling, uses lasers to remove thermal energy from solids through anti-Stokes photoluminescence. This non-contact, vibration-free, optically addressable cooling technique opens up many application possibilities, ranging from high-resolution space-based imaging to the stabilization of ultraprecise frequency combs. The field has seen rapid progress in the past 25 years, from the first cooling of a rare-earth-doped glass by 0.3 K in 1995 to reaching cryogenic temperatures around 90 K in ytterbium-doped fluoride crystals in 2018. Attention has now shifted to semiconductors with higher cooling power densities and predicted cooling floors as low as 10 K. This has stimulated a race to demonstrate the optical refrigeration of a semiconductor. It is therefore timely to systematize the necessary and sufficient experimental minimum criteria for reporting optical refrigeration results to elevate the reliability and reproducibility of current and future optical refrigeration claims. In this Expert Recommendation, we propose four principles and provide guidelines for verifying and reporting new cooling results: optical cooling metrics, demonstrations of explicit heating versus cooling, thermodynamic consistency and reliable temperature measurements. We further propose that these principles serve as a guide for reviewing literature claims in the field. Optical refrigeration of semiconductors has the potential to reach temperatures as low as 10 K for applications in non-contact cooling and high-precision metrology. This Expert Recommendation outlines four criteria for the standardized reporting of new cooling results towards these goals.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A brief history of the ‘physicist’","authors":"Iwan Rhys Morus","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00806-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00806-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although the practice of doing physics has a long history, the term ‘physicist’ is less than 200 years old. Historian Iwan Rhys Morus traces the roots of the word and discusses its slow acceptance by the community it came to describe.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 2","pages":"64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Was the paranormal good for physics?","authors":"Richard Noakes","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00805-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00805-9","url":null,"abstract":"The paranormal looms large in pop culture — witness the phenomenon of the Paranormal Activity film franchise — and in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was of interest to many scientists. What does this history reveal about the boundaries of science?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 2","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-025-00805-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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