Nature Reviews Physics最新文献_第2页

Visualizing twisted 2D materials with electron channelling contrast imaging 利用电子通道对比成像技术可视化扭曲二维材料

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00810-y

Evan Tillotson

引用次数: 0

Engage with the method not the madness 与方法打交道，而不是疯狂

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00809-5

引用次数: 0

How the Cold War changed quantum education 冷战如何改变量子教育

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00808-6

David Kaiser

引用次数: 0

Phonon-limited electronic transport through first principles 通过第一性原理的声子限制电子输运

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00795-0

Romain Claes, Samuel Poncé, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Geoffroy Hautier

{"title":"Phonon-limited electronic transport through first principles","authors":"Romain Claes, Samuel Poncé, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Geoffroy Hautier","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00795-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00795-0","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding electronic transport in materials is essential to both fundamental and applied physics, as it directly influences critical properties such as the mobility of semiconductors and the efficiency of thermoelectric materials. Electron transport hinges on electronic structure of a material and various scattering events. Among these, scattering by phonons stands out as one of the most fundamental mechanisms, as it occurs even in pristine single crystals. But only recently have advances in the development of accurate first-principles methods allowed the precise calculation of electronic transport properties entirely from first principles, without relying on experimental parameters. This Technical Review presents the underlying physics of phonon-limited linear transport, primarily within the framework of the Boltzmann transport formalism but also for alternative approaches, such as the Landauer–Büttiker and Kubo frameworks. In addition, this Review covers technical aspects of implementing these formalisms, including their limitations and the scope of their applicability. Finally, we will discuss some specific transport regimes, such as transport in a strong electric field or involving the effect of spin–orbit coupling. A better understanding of electronic transport in semiconductors is essential for both fundamental and applied physics, as it directly affects key material properties such as the conductivity and thermoelectric quantities. This Technical Review explores different frameworks and computational tools available for computing these properties of semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 2","pages":"73-90"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principles for demonstrating condensed phase optical refrigeration 演示凝聚相光学制冷的原理

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00804-2

Zhuoming Zhang, Yang Ding, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Denis V. Seletskiy, Masaru Kuno

{"title":"Principles for demonstrating condensed phase optical refrigeration","authors":"Zhuoming Zhang, Yang Ding, Peter J. Pauzauskie, Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Denis V. Seletskiy, Masaru Kuno","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00804-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00804-2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical refrigeration, or condensed phase laser cooling, uses lasers to remove thermal energy from solids through anti-Stokes photoluminescence. This non-contact, vibration-free, optically addressable cooling technique opens up many application possibilities, ranging from high-resolution space-based imaging to the stabilization of ultraprecise frequency combs. The field has seen rapid progress in the past 25 years, from the first cooling of a rare-earth-doped glass by 0.3 K in 1995 to reaching cryogenic temperatures around 90 K in ytterbium-doped fluoride crystals in 2018. Attention has now shifted to semiconductors with higher cooling power densities and predicted cooling floors as low as 10 K. This has stimulated a race to demonstrate the optical refrigeration of a semiconductor. It is therefore timely to systematize the necessary and sufficient experimental minimum criteria for reporting optical refrigeration results to elevate the reliability and reproducibility of current and future optical refrigeration claims. In this Expert Recommendation, we propose four principles and provide guidelines for verifying and reporting new cooling results: optical cooling metrics, demonstrations of explicit heating versus cooling, thermodynamic consistency and reliable temperature measurements. We further propose that these principles serve as a guide for reviewing literature claims in the field. Optical refrigeration of semiconductors has the potential to reach temperatures as low as 10 K for applications in non-contact cooling and high-precision metrology. This Expert Recommendation outlines four criteria for the standardized reporting of new cooling results towards these goals.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 3","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum computing for nonlinear differential equations and turbulence 非线性微分方程和湍流的量子计算

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00799-w

Felix Tennie, Sylvain Laizet, Seth Lloyd, Luca Magri

引用次数: 0

A brief history of the ‘physicist’ “物理学家”简史

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00806-8

Iwan Rhys Morus

引用次数: 0

Was the paranormal good for physics? 超自然现象对物理学有好处吗？