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A new family of septuple-layer 2D materials of MoSi2N4-like crystals 类似 MoSi2N4 晶体的七层二维材料新家族
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00728-x
T. Latychevskaia, D. A. Bandurin, K. S. Novoselov
{"title":"A new family of septuple-layer 2D materials of MoSi2N4-like crystals","authors":"T. Latychevskaia, D. A. Bandurin, K. S. Novoselov","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00728-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00728-x","url":null,"abstract":"Recently synthesized MoSi2N4 is the first septuple-layer two-dimensional material, which does not naturally occur as a layered crystal, and has been obtained with chemical vapour deposition growth. It can be considered as MoN2 crystal (with a crystal structure of MoS2) intercalating Si2N2 two-dimensional layer (with the structure similar to InSe). The discovery of this material has spurred on research into its electronic properties, and also to the prediction and classification of dozens of other members of the family. Whereas the originally synthesized MoSi2N4 is a semiconductor, some of the members of the family are also metallic, some are magnetic, some showing remarkable properties, such as very high room-temperature electron mobilities. The major interest towards these materials is coming from the septuple-layer structure, which allows not only multiple crystal phases but also complex compositions, in particular those with broken mirror-reflection symmetry against the layer of metal atoms. In this Review, we provide a profile of this new family of materials and discuss the possibilities they open up towards new physics and applications. A new class of septuple-layer 2D materials has been identified, with the first two members already synthesized: MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4. The possible variation of compositions and crystal structures make the new family of 2D materials very versatile and extremely attractive for research and applications.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 7","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engagement opportunities on the continuum between science and policy 科学与政策之间连续性的参与机会
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00731-2
Iulia Georgescu, Erica Goldman
{"title":"Engagement opportunities on the continuum between science and policy","authors":"Iulia Georgescu, Erica Goldman","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00731-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00731-2","url":null,"abstract":"Erica Goldman, Director of Day One and Policy Entrepreneurship at the Federation of American Scientists, discusses how scientists can go from communicating science to advocating for science and doing policy entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 7","pages":"406-407"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liquid-metal experiments on geophysical and astrophysical phenomena 地球物理和天体物理现象的液态金属实验
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00724-1
Frank Stefani
{"title":"Liquid-metal experiments on geophysical and astrophysical phenomena","authors":"Frank Stefani","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00724-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00724-1","url":null,"abstract":"Recent decades have seen enormous progress in the experimental investigation of fundamental processes that are relevant to geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics. Liquid metals have proven particularly suited for such studies, partly owing to their small Prandtl numbers that are comparable to those in planetary cores and stellar convection zones, partly owing to their high electrical conductivity that allows the study of various magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. After introducing the theoretical basics and the key dimensionless parameters, we discuss some of the most important liquid-metal experiments on Rayleigh–Bénard convection, Alfvén waves, magnetically triggered flow instabilities such as the magnetorotational and Tayler instability, and the dynamo effect. Finally, we summarize what has been learned so far from those recent experiments and what could be expected from future ones. The understanding of fluid flows and their interaction with magnetic fields in planetary and stellar cores or accretion disks represents a challenge for geophysical and astrophysical research. This Review covers recent liquid-metal experiments on the underlying processes, such as convection, Alfvén waves, the magnetorotational instability and the dynamo effect.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 7","pages":"409-425"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research needs both academia and industry 学术界和产业界的研究需求
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00727-y
{"title":"Research needs both academia and industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00727-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00727-y","url":null,"abstract":"This month we discuss the growing concerns of industry’s influence and dominance in computation-based physics research. There are growing concerns about industry’s influence and dominance in computation-based physics research. Why is this so?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"341-341"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00727-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current numbers of qubits and their uses 当前的量子比特数量及其用途
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00725-0
Tsubasa Ichikawa, Hideaki Hakoshima, Koji Inui, Kosuke Ito, Ryo Matsuda, Kosuke Mitarai, Koichi Miyamoto, Wataru Mizukami, Kaoru Mizuta, Toshio Mori, Yuichiro Nakano, Akimoto Nakayama, Ken N. Okada, Takanori Sugimoto, Souichi Takahira, Nayuta Takemori, Satoyuki Tsukano, Hiroshi Ueda, Ryo Watanabe, Yuichiro Yoshida, Keisuke Fujii
{"title":"Current numbers of qubits and their uses","authors":"Tsubasa Ichikawa, Hideaki Hakoshima, Koji Inui, Kosuke Ito, Ryo Matsuda, Kosuke Mitarai, Koichi Miyamoto, Wataru Mizukami, Kaoru Mizuta, Toshio Mori, Yuichiro Nakano, Akimoto Nakayama, Ken N. Okada, Takanori Sugimoto, Souichi Takahira, Nayuta Takemori, Satoyuki Tsukano, Hiroshi Ueda, Ryo Watanabe, Yuichiro Yoshida, Keisuke Fujii","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00725-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00725-0","url":null,"abstract":"Access to quantum computers has been democratized by the availability of cloud services from commercial providers, but the numbers of qubits users can exploit have remained modest, limited by noise and errors. What are these qubits used for and what can we expect next?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"345-347"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
90 years of the Wigner crystal 维格纳晶体诞生 90 周年
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00730-3
May Chiao
{"title":"90 years of the Wigner crystal","authors":"May Chiao","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00730-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00730-3","url":null,"abstract":"90 years after Eugene Wigner predicted the formation of an ordered electron state, direct observations of a lattice of electrons in bilayer graphene not only verify the existence of a Wigner crystal but find unexpected physics.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"348-348"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On roads less travelled between AI and computational science 人工智能与计算科学之间的少有人走的路
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00726-z
Petros Koumoutsakos
{"title":"On roads less travelled between AI and computational science","authors":"Petros Koumoutsakos","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00726-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00726-z","url":null,"abstract":"Computational science and artificial intelligence have been drivers and benefactors of advances in algorithms and hardware, each in different ways, and originally with different targets. Petros Koumoutsakos argues that the intellectual space between these two fields is home to exciting opportunities for scientific discovery. Petros Koumoutsakos argues that the intellectual space between AI and computational science is home to exciting opportunities for scientific discovery.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"342-344"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physics does not exist in a vacuum 物理学并非存在于真空中
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00723-2
{"title":"Physics does not exist in a vacuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00723-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00723-2","url":null,"abstract":"Doing physics and being a physicist is shaped by complex social factors. This month, we launch a Collection to explore the social and historical context of physics research.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 5","pages":"283-283"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00723-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entropy, irreversibility and inference at the foundations of statistical physics 熵、不可逆和推理是统计物理学的基础
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00720-5
Jonathan Asher Pachter, Ying-Jen Yang, Ken A. Dill
{"title":"Entropy, irreversibility and inference at the foundations of statistical physics","authors":"Jonathan Asher Pachter, Ying-Jen Yang, Ken A. Dill","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00720-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00720-5","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical physics relates the properties of macroscale systems to the distributions of their microscale agents. Its central tool has been the maximization of entropy, an equilibrium variational principle. Recent work has sought extensions to non-equilibria: across processes of change both fast and slow, in the Jarzynski equality and fluctuation relations and other tools of stochastic thermodynamics, using large deviation theory or others. When recognized as an inference principle, entropy maximization can be generalized for non-equilibria and applied to path entropies rather than state entropies, becoming the principle of maximum caliber, which we emphasize in this Review. Our primary goal is to enhance crosstalk among researchers working in disparate silos, comparing and contrasting different approaches while pointing to common roots. Entropy is central to statistical physics, but it has multiple meanings. This Review clarifies the strengths of each use and the connections between them, seeking to bolster crosstalk between researchers and to emphasize the power of inference for non-equilibrium physics.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"382-393"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in stacked 2D heterobilayers 叠层二维异质膜中的双极多体复合物及其相互作用
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4
Xueqian Sun, Ermin Malic, Yuerui Lu
{"title":"Dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in stacked 2D heterobilayers","authors":"Xueqian Sun, Ermin Malic, Yuerui Lu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, dipolar many-body complexes have been observed in 2D van der Waals heterobilayers. These complexes show compelling dipolar characteristics such as long-range and anisotropic interactions among dipoles, and their high tunability and long coherence time make them promising for applications in quantum information processing and optoelectronic devices. The presence of powerful dipole–dipole interactions among long-lived interlayer excitons can cause the system to enter unique classical and quantum phases with multiparticle correlations, which can host rich many-body physics such as dipolar liquids, dipolar crystals and superfluids. The strong binding energy of interlayer excitons in 2D heterobilayers enhances the critical temperature of these exotic phenomena. In this Review, we discuss recent work on dipolar complexes and many-body effects in transition metal dichalcogenide double layers and present potential opportunities in the field. Dipolar many-body systems provide a promising platform to study quantum phases and exotic phenomena such as dipolar liquids, dipolar solids and superfluids. This Review discusses dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in 2D stacked transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers and offers insights into the unique properties of various exciton species.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 7","pages":"439-454"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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