Nature Reviews Physics最新文献_第9页

90 years of the Wigner crystal 维格纳晶体诞生 90 周年

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00730-3

May Chiao

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On roads less travelled between AI and computational science 人工智能与计算科学之间的少有人走的路

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00726-z

Petros Koumoutsakos

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Physics does not exist in a vacuum 物理学并非存在于真空中

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00723-2

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Entropy, irreversibility and inference at the foundations of statistical physics 熵、不可逆和推理是统计物理学的基础

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00720-5

Jonathan Asher Pachter, Ying-Jen Yang, Ken A. Dill

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Dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in stacked 2D heterobilayers 叠层二维异质膜中的双极多体复合物及其相互作用

IF 44.8 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4

Xueqian Sun, Ermin Malic, Yuerui Lu

{"title":"Dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in stacked 2D heterobilayers","authors":"Xueqian Sun, Ermin Malic, Yuerui Lu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00721-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, dipolar many-body complexes have been observed in 2D van der Waals heterobilayers. These complexes show compelling dipolar characteristics such as long-range and anisotropic interactions among dipoles, and their high tunability and long coherence time make them promising for applications in quantum information processing and optoelectronic devices. The presence of powerful dipole–dipole interactions among long-lived interlayer excitons can cause the system to enter unique classical and quantum phases with multiparticle correlations, which can host rich many-body physics such as dipolar liquids, dipolar crystals and superfluids. The strong binding energy of interlayer excitons in 2D heterobilayers enhances the critical temperature of these exotic phenomena. In this Review, we discuss recent work on dipolar complexes and many-body effects in transition metal dichalcogenide double layers and present potential opportunities in the field. Dipolar many-body systems provide a promising platform to study quantum phases and exotic phenomena such as dipolar liquids, dipolar solids and superfluids. This Review discusses dipolar many-body complexes and their interactions in 2D stacked transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers and offers insights into the unique properties of various exciton species.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 7","pages":"439-454"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future of 99Mo reactor-independent supply 独立于反应堆的 99Mo 供应的未来

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00716-1

Antonino Pietropaolo, Marco Capogni, Lina Quintieri

{"title":"Future of 99Mo reactor-independent supply","authors":"Antonino Pietropaolo, Marco Capogni, Lina Quintieri","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00716-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00716-1","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum-99 is essential for nuclear medicine, being the parent radionuclide of 99mTc, which is commonly used in single-photon-emission computed tomography scans. Worldwide, the supply of 99Mo has faced considerable disruption twice in recent years: in 2009 triggered by the unexpected simultaneous shutdown of two nuclear research reactors, and in 2020 because of disruption to shipments of 99Mo as a consequence of severe restrictions on flights. This Perspective therefore examines alternative means of 99Mo production, via cyclotrons, electron linear accelerators and fusion neutron sources. The research and development of methods for 99Mo that can be synergic and complementary to reactors in the short-to-medium term and alternative to them in the long term is strategic for addressing potential global events that might produce reduced access to healthcare procedures relying on diagnostic as well as therapeutic radionuclides. This Perspective argues that the development of 99Mo production methods complementary to reactor-based methodology is strategic in the short-to-medium term. Localized and resilient 99Mo production routes might guarantee access to important diagnostic procedures even in the case of unpredictable global events.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"394-399"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How the unlikely friendship of Pauli and Jung led to the discovery of CPT symmetry 保利和荣格之间不可能的友谊如何促成了 CPT 对称性的发现

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00722-3

Arthur I. Miller

引用次数: 0

Fractionalized electrons in moiré materials 摩尔纹材料中的分化电子

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00718-z

Nicolás Morales-Durán, Jingtian Shi, A. H. MacDonald

引用次数: 0

Orbital angular momentum lasers 轨道角动量激光器

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00715-2

Andrew Forbes, Light Mkhumbuza, Liang Feng

{"title":"Orbital angular momentum lasers","authors":"Andrew Forbes, Light Mkhumbuza, Liang Feng","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00715-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00715-2","url":null,"abstract":"Light can be tailored to carry angular momentum well beyond the restriction of its two spin states, left- and right-circularly polarized light, by imbuing it with orbital angular momentum (OAM). OAM is controlled by imparting finer and finer azimuthal phase gradients, twisting the wavefront ever tighter in one of two helicities, clockwise or anticlockwise. This can be done directly within a laser — OAM lasers — by imprinting an intracavity twist on the circulating light, but it requires judicious laser cavity design to break nature’s angular momentum degeneracy. Without this, the laser produces equal measures of both helicities, for no net OAM. We review the physics of OAM lasers, covering diverse symmetry-breaking approaches such as gain or loss control, asymmetric cavity geometries and geometric phase control. Structured matter allows this symmetry breaking to be done at the microscale and nanoscale, for OAM lasers based on topological matter, photonic crystals and optical breaking of chiral symmetry in microring cavities, as well as leveraging non-Hermitian photonic design at exceptional points. The exciting prospect of using structured matter to engineer twisted light is discussed along with the opportunities and challenges ahead. This Review covers the intriguing physics behind orbital angular momentum lasers, summarizing the exciting prospects at the interface between structured light and structured matter.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 6","pages":"352-364"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum sensing for particle physics 粒子物理学量子传感

IF 38.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00714-3

Steven D. Bass, Michael Doser

{"title":"Quantum sensing for particle physics","authors":"Steven D. Bass, Michael Doser","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00714-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00714-3","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum sensing uses properties of quantum mechanics to go beyond what is possible with traditional measurement techniques. In particle physics, key problems in which quantum sensing can have a vital role include neutrino properties, tests of fundamental symmetries (Lorentz invariance and the equivalence principle, searches for electric dipole moments and possible variations of the fundamental constants), the search for dark matter and testing ideas about the nature of dark energy. Quantum sensor technologies using atom interferometry, optomechanical devices, or atomic and nuclear clocks are inherently relevant for low-energy physics, but other platforms, such as quantum dots, superconducting devices or spin sensors, might also be useful in future high-energy particle physics detectors. This Perspective explores the opportunities for these technologies in future particle physics experiments and outlines the challenges that could be tackled through collaborative efforts. Quantum sensing exploits properties of quantum systems to go beyond what is possible with traditional measurement techniques, hence opening exciting opportunities in both low-energy and high-energy particle physics experiments.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 5","pages":"329-339"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0