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Measuring interactions in a circadian clock 测量昼夜节律时钟中的相互作用
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00755-8
Zoe Budrikis
{"title":"Measuring interactions in a circadian clock","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00755-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00755-8","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications uses an Ising-like model to determine the interactions between monomers in a component of the cyanobacterial circadian clock.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"532-532"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emergent U(1) lattice gauge theory in Rydberg atom arrays 雷德贝格原子阵列中的新兴 U(1) 格规理论
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00749-6
Yanting Cheng, Hui Zhai
{"title":"Emergent U(1) lattice gauge theory in Rydberg atom arrays","authors":"Yanting Cheng, Hui Zhai","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00749-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00749-6","url":null,"abstract":"Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as a novel platform exhibiting rich quantum many-body physics and offering promise for universal quantum computation. The Rydberg blockade effect plays an essential role in establishing many-body correlations in this system. Over the past 2 or 3 years, Rydberg arrays have been used to realize exotic ground states such as spin liquids, quantum many-body scar states violating quantum thermalization, and a confinement–deconfinement transition through quantum dynamics. In this Perspective, we use lattice gauge theory as a universal theoretical framework to describe the Rydberg blockade effect and the recent exciting developments in this system from equilibrium phases to quantum dynamics. Analysing Rydberg atom arrays through this theoretical framework can reveal their connection with other strongly correlated systems, such as the Fermi–Hubbard model and the lattice gauge model, which can inspire the discovery of new phenomena in this platform. The Rydberg atomic array is an emerging quantum many-body physics platform, exhibiting rich physical phenomena, such as quantum spin liquids and quantum scar states. This Perspective analyses the latest progress in this system through a unified theoretical framework — lattice gauge theory — providing new insights for quantum simulation.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"566-576"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The co-evolution of computational physics and high-performance computing 计算物理学与高性能计算的共同发展
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00750-z
Jack Dongarra, David Keyes
{"title":"The co-evolution of computational physics and high-performance computing","authors":"Jack Dongarra, David Keyes","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00750-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00750-z","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance computational physics has been instrumental in advancing scientific research by regularly providing breakthroughs in speed, accuracy and modelling fidelity. This Perspective highlights the contributions of physicists to the development of high-performance computing infrastructure, algorithms and applications from the early days of computing to the exascale era. We recall the pioneering work of Fermi and von Neumann, who set directions and laid foundations for computational science and examine the ongoing impact of physicists in overcoming current challenges in high-performance computing, such as energy consumption and data storage. As we celebrate milestones such as exascale computing and generative artificial intelligence, it is inspiring to recognize the enduring influence of physicists in driving technological innovations and ensuring the future progress of computational science. This Perspective examines the pivotal role physicists have in the development and advancement of high-performance computing from its inception to the exascale era, highlighting key contributions and future challenges.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 10","pages":"621-627"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The difficult but necessary role of political engagement for scientists 科学家政治参与的困难但必要的作用
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00747-8
May Chiao
{"title":"The difficult but necessary role of political engagement for scientists","authors":"May Chiao","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00747-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00747-8","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, physicist and writer, Carlo Rovelli, helped launch an open letter to the world’s politicians calling for a small proportion of military funding to address climate change, poverty and pandemics — the Global Peace Dividend. He discusses the pressing need for global cooperation on common interests.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"528-529"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In fusion, collaboration is both a necessity and an opportunity 在融合过程中，合作既是必要，也是机遇
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00746-9
Heather Lewtas
{"title":"In fusion, collaboration is both a necessity and an opportunity","authors":"Heather Lewtas","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00746-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00746-9","url":null,"abstract":"With more public and private funding in fusion, the expectations in terms of spillover benefits are increasing, but these can only happen through enhanced cross-sector collaboration.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"526-527"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topological thermal transport 拓扑热传输
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00745-w
Zhoufei Liu, Peng Jin, Min Lei, Chengmeng Wang, Fabio Marchesoni, Jian-Hua Jiang, Jiping Huang
{"title":"Topological thermal transport","authors":"Zhoufei Liu, Peng Jin, Min Lei, Chengmeng Wang, Fabio Marchesoni, Jian-Hua Jiang, Jiping Huang","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00745-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00745-w","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal transport is a fundamental mechanism of energy transfer process quite distinct from wave propagation phenomena. It can be manipulated well beyond the possibilities offered by natural materials with a new generation of artificial metamaterials: thermal metamaterials. Topological physics, a focal point in contemporary condensed matter physics, has been intertwined with thermal metamaterials in recent years. Inspired by topological photonics and topological acoustics in wave metamaterials, a new research field emerged recently, which we dub ‘topological thermotics’, which encompasses three primary branches: topological thermal conduction, convection and radiation. For topological thermal conduction, we discuss recent advances in both 1D and higher-dimensional thermal topological phases. For topological thermal convection, we discuss the implementation of thermal exceptional points with their unique properties and non-Hermitian thermal topological states. Finally, we review the most recent demonstration of topological effects in the near-field and far-field radiation. Anticipating future developments, we conclude by discussing potential directions of topological thermotics, including the expansion into other diffusion processes such as particle dynamics and plasma physics, and the integration with machine-learning techniques. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress of topological physics in thermal metamaterials and thus proposes a new research field, ‘topological thermotics’, which is inspired by topological photonics and topological acoustics in wave metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"554-565"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to set up your first machine learning project in astronomy 如何在天文学领域建立第一个机器学习项目
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00743-y
Johannes Buchner, Sotiria Fotopoulou
{"title":"How to set up your first machine learning project in astronomy","authors":"Johannes Buchner, Sotiria Fotopoulou","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00743-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00743-y","url":null,"abstract":"Large, freely available, well-maintained data sets have made astronomy a popular playground for machine learning (ML) projects. Nevertheless, robust insights gained to both ML and physics could be improved by clarity in problem definition and establishing workflows that critically verify, characterize and calibrate ML models. We provide a collection of guidelines to setting up ML projects that are less time-consuming and resource-intensive and more likely to lead to robust and useful scientific insights. We draw examples and experience from astronomy, but the advice is potentially applicable to other areas of science. This Expert Recommendation provides a guide to setting up machine learning projects that are less time-consuming and more likely to lead to robust and useful scientific insights.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"535-545"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI-driven research in pure mathematics and theoretical physics 人工智能驱动的纯数学和理论物理学研究
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00740-1
Yang-Hui He  (, )
{"title":"AI-driven research in pure mathematics and theoretical physics","authors":"Yang-Hui He \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00740-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00740-1","url":null,"abstract":"The past five years have seen a dramatic increase in the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in pure mathematics and theoretical sciences. This might appear counter-intuitive as mathematical sciences require rigorous definitions, derivations and proofs, in contrast to the experimental sciences, which rely on the modelling of data with error bars. In this Perspective, we categorize the approaches to mathematical and theoretical discovery as ‘top-down’, ‘bottom-up’ and ‘meta-mathematics’. We review the progress over the past few years, comparing and contrasting both the advances and the shortcomings of each approach. We believe that although the theorist is not in danger of being replaced by AI systems in the near future, the combination of human expertise and AI algorithms will become an integral part of theoretical research. Advances in artificial-intelligence-assisted mathematical investigations suggest that human–machine collaboration will be an integral part of future theoretical research.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"546-553"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The scientific article as a master finding system 作为主查找系统的科学文章
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00744-x
{"title":"The scientific article as a master finding system","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00744-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00744-x","url":null,"abstract":"How did the scientific article evolve to the universally-recognizable format it has today? This month we ask why and how did the scientific article evolve to its current universally-recognizable format.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 8","pages":"463-463"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00744-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ab initio methods for superconductivity 超导的 Ab initio 方法
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00738-9
Camilla Pellegrini, Antonio Sanna
{"title":"Ab initio methods for superconductivity","authors":"Camilla Pellegrini, Antonio Sanna","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00738-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00738-9","url":null,"abstract":"Modern ab initio theories of superconductivity allow characterizing and predicting phonon-mediated superconductors. In this Technical Review, we analyse Eliashberg theory, density functional theory for superconductors as well as McMillan and Allen–Dynes equations, providing a summary of the underlying approximations and capabilities. We highlight in simple terms and with examples the many sources of error, which may lead to inaccurate predictions, including limitations on the applicability of the methods, subtle convergence aspects and improper practices often adopted to simplify the treatment of Coulomb interactions. Additionally, we compare the accuracy of the various methods by computing the critical temperature (Tc) for a broad range of superconductors and benchmarking against experimental results. We find that even the simple McMillan and Allen–Dynes formulas give Tc distributions centred on the experimental values. The Eliashberg theory and density functional theory for superconductors yield more peaked distributions, strongly reducing the possibility of incorrect predictions. Ab initio theories of superconductivity allow characterizing and predicting phonon-mediated superconductors. This Technical Review provides an analysis of the different theories, highlighting the main sources of error, either due to inherent approximations or arising from improper practices, and provides a comparison against experimental results.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 8","pages":"509-523"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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