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Nobel 2004: freedom for quarks! 2004 年诺贝尔奖：夸克的自由
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00768-3
Alison Wright
{"title":"Nobel 2004: freedom for quarks!","authors":"Alison Wright","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00768-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00768-3","url":null,"abstract":"20 years ago, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to David Gross, Frank Wilczek and David Politzer.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 10","pages":"581-581"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A history of CERN in seven physics milestones 欧洲核子研究中心历史上的七个物理学里程碑
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00762-9
Federica Riti, Philipp Gadow, David Walter, Maria Vieites Diaz, Barbara Maria Latacz, Luigi Dello Stritto, Petar Bokan
{"title":"A history of CERN in seven physics milestones","authors":"Federica Riti, Philipp Gadow, David Walter, Maria Vieites Diaz, Barbara Maria Latacz, Luigi Dello Stritto, Petar Bokan","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00762-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00762-9","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 70 years, CERN’s accelerators and experiments have delivered some remarkable results and discoveries, owing to the efforts of generations of physicists. We asked seven of the new generation — all CERN Fellows, in the early stages of their career — to tell us about some of the milestone achievements in the history of their laboratory.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 10","pages":"582-586"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00762-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rydberg states of alkali atoms in atomic vapour as SI-traceable field probes and communications receivers 原子蒸汽中碱原子的里德伯态作为 SI 可追踪场探测器和通信接收器
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00756-7
Noah Schlossberger, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Samuel Berweger, Andrew P. Rotunno, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Matthew T. Simons, Abrar A. Sheikh, Eric B. Norrgard, Stephen P. Eckel, Christopher L. Holloway
{"title":"Rydberg states of alkali atoms in atomic vapour as SI-traceable field probes and communications receivers","authors":"Noah Schlossberger, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Samuel Berweger, Andrew P. Rotunno, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Matthew T. Simons, Abrar A. Sheikh, Eric B. Norrgard, Stephen P. Eckel, Christopher L. Holloway","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00756-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00756-7","url":null,"abstract":"Rydberg states of alkali atoms are highly sensitive to electric fields because their electron wavefunction has a large spatial extent, leading to large polarizabilities for static fields and large transition dipole moments for time-varying fields. Over the past few years, Rydberg atoms have been used as sensitive probes for performing self-calibrated and SI-traceable electric field measurements. In this Technical Review, we introduce and examine the current state of Rydberg atom-based electrometry in room-temperature atomic vapours. We cover the fundamental principles, experimental techniques, recent advancements, and applications of this field, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers interested in utilizing Rydberg atoms for precise electric field measurements. Rydberg atoms are sensitive to radio frequency electric fields, which make them useful as sensors. This Technical Review discusses Rydberg sensors that measure the amplitude and phase of electric fields at frequencies from d.c. to THz, as well as technological applications of these sensors.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 10","pages":"606-620"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single-molecule FRET for probing nanoscale biomolecular dynamics 用于探测纳米级生物分子动力学的单分子 FRET
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00748-7
Daniel Nettels, Nicola Galvanetto, Miloš T. Ivanović, Mark Nüesch, Tianjin Yang, Benjamin Schuler
{"title":"Single-molecule FRET for probing nanoscale biomolecular dynamics","authors":"Daniel Nettels, Nicola Galvanetto, Miloš T. Ivanović, Mark Nüesch, Tianjin Yang, Benjamin Schuler","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00748-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00748-7","url":null,"abstract":"Single-molecule spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying the physics of molecular systems, particularly biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. By avoiding ensemble averaging, single-molecule techniques can resolve structural distributions and fluctuations even for complex and conformationally heterogeneous systems; they also reveal the close link between biological function and the statistical mechanics of the underlying processes. The combination of single-molecule fluorescence detection with Förster resonance energy transfer has become an essential tool for probing biomolecular dynamics on timescales ranging from nanoseconds to days. This Review briefly outlines the state of the art of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy and then highlights some of the most important physics-based developments that are expected to further expand the scope of the technique. Key areas of progress include improved time resolution, access to nonequilibrium dynamics and synergies with advances in data analysis and simulations. These developments create new opportunities for attaining a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and functional mechanisms of biological processes at the nanoscale. The combination of single-molecule fluorescence detection with Förster resonance energy transfer provides a powerful probe of biomolecular dynamics on timescales ranging from nanoseconds to days. This Review outlines single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy with a focus on dynamics and highlights future developments and enhanced capabilities.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 10","pages":"587-605"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping the landscape for graphene commercialization 描绘石墨烯商业化前景
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00754-9
Terrance Barkan, Chirag R. Ratwani, Dexter Johnson, Kishan Thodkar, Cary Hill
{"title":"Mapping the landscape for graphene commercialization","authors":"Terrance Barkan, Chirag R. Ratwani, Dexter Johnson, Kishan Thodkar, Cary Hill","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00754-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00754-9","url":null,"abstract":"20 years on from the isolation of graphene, over 150,000 graphene-related patents have been filed. Yet despite early promises of integration into semiconducting and photonic devices, the biggest applications to date have been in energy storage and polymers. This article analyses graphene commercialization over the past two decades and discusses the role of graphene in applications towards net-zero carbon.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 11","pages":"646-647"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A model for changing land use 改变土地用途的模式
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00761-w
Zoe Budrikis
{"title":"A model for changing land use","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00761-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00761-w","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in Royal Society Open Science presents an Ising-like model to describe changes in land use.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"534-534"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Farewells and hellos at Nature Reviews Physics 自然-物理评论》的告别与再见
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00759-4
{"title":"Farewells and hellos at Nature Reviews Physics","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00759-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00759-4","url":null,"abstract":"This month, we say farewell to our founding Chief Editor, Iulia Georgescu and greet our new Chief Editor, Nina Meinzer. We also thank our first Advisory Board members (2023–2024) and welcome our next Advisory Board.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"525-525"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00759-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
100 years of the Ising model 伊辛模型 100 年
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00760-x
Zoe Budrikis
{"title":"100 years of the Ising model","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00760-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00760-x","url":null,"abstract":"In 1924, Ernst Ising thought he showed a simple model for ferromagnetism couldn''t work. 100 years later, that model, now named for him, is used across all of physics.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"530-530"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ising-like model predicts close elections 类等效应模型预测选举结果接近
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00753-w
Zoe Budrikis
{"title":"Ising-like model predicts close elections","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00753-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00753-w","url":null,"abstract":"A model of voters, based on the Ising model, gives an explanation for why elections are often so close.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"531-531"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A fully connected Ising machine using standard technology 采用标准技术的全连接伊辛机床
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00757-6
Zoe Budrikis
{"title":"A fully connected Ising machine using standard technology","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00757-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00757-6","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in Nature Electronics reports a proof-of-concept Ising machine with all-to-all connectivity.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"6 9","pages":"533-533"},"PeriodicalIF":44.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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