Nature Reviews Physics最新文献_第3页

Tensor networks for quantum computing 量子计算的张量网络

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00853-1

Aleksandr Berezutskii, Minzhao Liu, Atithi Acharya, Roman Ellerbrock, Johnnie Gray, Reza Haghshenas, Zichang He, Abid Khan, Viacheslav Kuzmin, Dmitry Lyakh, Danylo Lykov, Salvatore Mandrà, Christopher Mansell, Alexey Melnikov, Artem Melnikov, Vladimir Mironov, Dmitry Morozov, Florian Neukart, Alberto Nocera, Michael A. Perlin, Michael Perelshtein, Matthew Steinberg, Ruslan Shaydulin, Benjamin Villalonga, Markus Pflitsch, Marco Pistoia, Valerii Vinokur, Yuri Alexeev

{"title":"Tensor networks for quantum computing","authors":"Aleksandr Berezutskii, Minzhao Liu, Atithi Acharya, Roman Ellerbrock, Johnnie Gray, Reza Haghshenas, Zichang He, Abid Khan, Viacheslav Kuzmin, Dmitry Lyakh, Danylo Lykov, Salvatore Mandrà, Christopher Mansell, Alexey Melnikov, Artem Melnikov, Vladimir Mironov, Dmitry Morozov, Florian Neukart, Alberto Nocera, Michael A. Perlin, Michael Perelshtein, Matthew Steinberg, Ruslan Shaydulin, Benjamin Villalonga, Markus Pflitsch, Marco Pistoia, Valerii Vinokur, Yuri Alexeev","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00853-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00853-1","url":null,"abstract":"Tensor networks have become a useful tool in many areas of physics, especially in quantum information science and quantum computing, where they are used to represent and manipulate quantum states and processes. The original use of tensor networks is the simulation of quantum systems, where tensor networks provide compressed representations of the structured systems. As research into quantum computing and tensor networks progresses, a plethora of new applications are becoming increasingly relevant. This Technical Review discusses the diverse applications of tensor networks to demonstrate that they are an important instrument for quantum computing. Specifically, we summarize the application of tensor networks in various domains of quantum computing, including simulation of quantum computation, quantum circuit synthesis, quantum error correction and mitigation, and quantum machine learning. Finally, we provide an outlook on the opportunities that tensor-network techniques provide and the challenges they may face in the future. Tensor networks provide a powerful tool for understanding and improving quantum computing. This Technical Review discusses applications in simulation, circuit synthesis, error correction and mitigation, and quantum machine learning.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 10","pages":"581-593"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Focused ion-beam milled lamellas for correlated optical and structural imaging of quantum dots 聚焦离子束磨片用于量子点的相关光学和结构成像

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00859-9

Yonatan Ossia

引用次数: 0

Drop friction 下降的摩擦

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00841-5

Hans-Jürgen Butt, Rüdiger Berger, Joel De Coninck, Rafael Tadmor

{"title":"Drop friction","authors":"Hans-Jürgen Butt, Rüdiger Berger, Joel De Coninck, Rafael Tadmor","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00841-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00841-5","url":null,"abstract":"Wetting phenomena have been studied quantitatively for more than 200 years, but there remain many fundamental questions that are not understood. For example, the speed of a water drop sliding down an inclined plane cannot be predicted. A drop that slides down a surface experiences a resistance. We call this resistance drop friction. It is still debated how and where energy is dissipated in a sliding drop. Particularly for the most common liquid, water, there have been considerable advances in the understanding of wetting, driven by the development of new physical, preparative and theoretical methods. Water is a special liquid, owing to its polar nature, its tendency to form hydrogen bonds, the self-ionization into OH− and H3O+, its low viscosity and its high surface tension. In recent years, water–surface interactions due to adaptation, spontaneous electrostatic charging and deformation on elastomers have been identified as important processes that increase drop friction. They may be responsible for drop friction even on seemingly smooth, homogeneous and rigid surfaces. The dynamic wetting of sliding drops, particularly of water, remains poorly understood. New experimental techniques have shown that, in addition to viscous dissipation, other energy dissipation mechanisms such as adaptation, electrostatic charging and deformation can contribute significantly and affect the motion of the drops.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 8","pages":"425-438"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomistic computing of the solid–fluid surface free energy and tension 固体-流体表面自由能和张力的原子计算

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00855-z

Aziz Ghoufi

{"title":"Atomistic computing of the solid–fluid surface free energy and tension","authors":"Aziz Ghoufi","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00855-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00855-z","url":null,"abstract":"This Review surveys methods that use atomistic simulations to compute solid–fluid surface tension, a key parameter for understanding and controlling physical properties at interfaces. Accurate calculation and understanding of these properties are increasingly important in applications, especially in confined-fluid systems in which surface effects dominate over bulk properties. Traditional approaches such as contact angle measurements, the Wilhelmy plate method, and sessile drop methods often fall short in directly measuring solid–liquid surface tension. By contrast, molecular simulations allow the direct extraction of this parameter, offering a more detailed insight into its behaviour at the nanoscale. The Review emphasizes the challenges associated with solid–fluid interfaces, particularly their anisotropic nature, and discusses computational techniques such as the cleaving method, perturbation approaches and capillary wave theory. This article reviews atomistic methods for computing solid–fluid surface free energy and tension, highlighting challenges from anisotropy. It discusses simulation techniques and methodological developments, and emphasizes the need for improved methods to address complex, confined or disordered systems.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 9","pages":"473-486"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An open-source initiative would benefit quantum computing 开源计划将有利于量子计算

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00854-0

Francesco Bova, Roger G. Melko

引用次数: 0

The potential of multidimensional photonic computing 多维光子计算的潜力

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00843-3

Ivonne Bente, Shabnam Taheriniya, Francesco Lenzini, Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Michael Kues, Harish Bhaskaran, C. David Wright, Wolfram Pernice

{"title":"The potential of multidimensional photonic computing","authors":"Ivonne Bente, Shabnam Taheriniya, Francesco Lenzini, Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Michael Kues, Harish Bhaskaran, C. David Wright, Wolfram Pernice","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00843-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00843-3","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly increasing demands on computational throughput, bandwidth and memory capacity fuelled by breakthroughs in machine learning pose substantial challenges for conventional electronic computing platforms. Historically, advancing compute performance relied on miniaturization to increase the transistor count on a given chip area and, more recently, on the development of parallel and multicore architectures. Computing platforms that process data using multiple, orthogonal dimensions can achieve exponential scaling on trajectories much steeper than what is possible with conventional strategies. One promising analog platform is photonics, which makes use of the physics of light, such as sensitivity to material properties and ability to encode information across multiple degrees of freedom. With recent breakthroughs in integrated photonic hardware and control, large-scale photonic systems have become a practical and timely solution for data-intensive, real-time computational tasks. Here, we explain developments in the realization of multidimensional computing platforms based on photonic systems. Moving to such architectures holds promise for low-latency, high-bandwidth information processing at reduced energy consumption. Multidimensional photonic computing is a framework that combines classical and quantum approaches, leveraging the properties of light. This Perspective explores its potential to enable scalable, neuromorphic photonic quantum systems suited to data-intensive and complex computational tasks.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 8","pages":"439-450"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaping the history of quantum physics to make women visible 塑造量子物理学的历史，让女性可见

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00850-4

Andrea Reichenberger

引用次数: 0

Physics needs research software engineers 物理学需要研究软件工程师

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00852-2

引用次数: 0

Publisher Correction: Integrated electro-optics on thin-film lithium niobate 出版者更正：薄膜铌酸锂的集成光电

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00858-w

Yaowen Hu, Di Zhu, Shengyuan Lu, Xinrui Zhu, Yunxiang Song, Dylan Renaud, Daniel Assumpcao, Rebecca Cheng, C. J. Xin, Matthew Yeh, Hana Warner, Xiangwen Guo, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, David Barton, Neil Sinclair, Marko Loncar

引用次数: 0

Applications of certified randomness 证明随机性的应用

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00845-1

Omar Amer, Shouvanik Chakrabarti, Kaushik Chakraborty, Shaltiel Eloul, Niraj Kumar, Charles Lim, Minzhao Liu, Pradeep Niroula, Yash Satsangi, Ruslan Shaydulin, Marco Pistoia

{"title":"Applications of certified randomness","authors":"Omar Amer, Shouvanik Chakrabarti, Kaushik Chakraborty, Shaltiel Eloul, Niraj Kumar, Charles Lim, Minzhao Liu, Pradeep Niroula, Yash Satsangi, Ruslan Shaydulin, Marco Pistoia","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00845-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00845-1","url":null,"abstract":"The use of randomness is ubiquitous in our society, including jury pool selection, encryption of digital communications, and many other activities. However, in many applications, there is an incentive for malicious actors to influence or predict the randomness. Therefore, it is beneficial if the trustworthiness, unpredictability and security of the randomness can be certified by any participant that does not trust the randomness provider. Certified randomness can be generated with untrusted remote quantum computers using multiple known protocols, one of which has recently been realized experimentally. Unlike the randomness sources accessible on today’s classical computers, the output of these protocols can be certified to be random under certain computational hardness assumptions, with no trust required in the hardware generating the randomness. In this Perspective, we explore real-world applications for which the use of certified randomness protocols may lead to improved security and fairness. We identify promising applications in areas including cryptography, differential privacy, financial markets and blockchain. Randomness is used in many applications where unpredictability is often paramount to ensure fairness and security. This Perspective discusses how quantum computation can generate certified randomness that can be verified by any participant and introduces several applications that can benefit from it.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 9","pages":"514-524"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0