Nature Reviews Physics最新文献_第5页

The physics of GaN-based light-emitting diodes 氮化镓基发光二极管的物理学

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00949-2

Aurelien David, Nicolas Grandjean

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引用次数: 0

The physics of GaN-based light-emitting diodes 氮化镓基发光二极管的物理学

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00949-2

Aurelien David, Nicolas Grandjean

{"title":"The physics of GaN-based light-emitting diodes","authors":"Aurelien David, Nicolas Grandjean","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00949-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00949-2","url":null,"abstract":"The past three decades have witnessed substantial progress in the performance of GaN-based light-emitting diodes. GaN light-emitting diodes, combined with wavelength-converting materials, enable highly efficient white-light sources that have caused a revolution in lighting applications, reaching more than 50% market adoption in the USA. This Review article discusses the underlying physics of GaN-based light-emitting diodes, focusing on how the quantum efficiency of the active region is affected by three key physical effects: intrinsic polarization fields, carrier localization by random alloy disorder, and crystal defects. Early theories are critically reviewed in view of current understanding and checked against the behaviour of real-world devices. We also offer perspectives on the prospects of extending III-nitride light emitters towards extreme wavelengths, at the ultraviolet and red ends of the spectrum. Because gallium nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have made most of the visible spectrum available to LEDs, they have become the backbone of modern lighting applications. This Review examines three effects governing the physics of GaN-based LEDs: polarization fields, carrier localization and non-radiative defects.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 8","pages":"477-492"},"PeriodicalIF":46.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forty years of atomic force microscopy 原子力显微镜的四十年

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00953-6

Toshio Ando, Leo Gross, Melanie Koehler, Christine Kranz, Ioanna Mela, Ernst Meyer, Laia Pasquina-Lemonche

引用次数: 0

How to probe lattice dynamics using tandem Fabry–Pérot Brillouin spectroscopy 如何利用串联法布里渊光谱探测晶格动力学

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00961-6

Furqanul Hassan Naqvi

引用次数: 0

The costs and benefits of physics research 物理学研究的成本和收益

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00958-1

引用次数: 0

Atomic force microscopy from nanoscale imaging to holistic exploration 原子力显微镜从纳米级成像到整体探索

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00956-3

David Alsteens, Ernst Meyer, Daniel J. Müller, Christoph Gerber

引用次数: 0

Exploring decolonizing the curriculum using Six Thinking Hats 探索用六顶思考帽去殖民化课程

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00959-0

Matthew Mears, Bianca Sala, Zoey Wyllie

引用次数: 0

Exploring decolonizing the curriculum using Six Thinking Hats 探索用六顶思考帽去殖民化课程

IF 46.6 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00959-0

Matthew Mears, Bianca Sala, Zoey Wyllie

引用次数: 0

Transparent conducting electrodes for perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells 钙钛矿-硅串联太阳能电池的透明导电电极

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00938-5

John O’Sullivan, Matthew Wright, Bruno Vicari Stefani, Paul Llontop, Abderrahime Sekkat, Robert L. Z. Hoye, Monica Morales-Masis, Ruy S. Bonilla

{"title":"Transparent conducting electrodes for perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"John O’Sullivan, Matthew Wright, Bruno Vicari Stefani, Paul Llontop, Abderrahime Sekkat, Robert L. Z. Hoye, Monica Morales-Masis, Ruy S. Bonilla","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00938-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00938-5","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) combine high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity, and are an essential component of tandem solar cells. Although tandem cells offer a pathway to power conversion efficiencies exceeding 40% at low cost, they introduce new challenges for TCE design. Achieving the required balance of optical, electrical and chemical properties has so far limited practical TCEs in tandems to a small set of high-cost, indium-based oxides. Recent advances in computational and experimental techniques have improved understanding of TCE solid-state physics, revealing promising alternative materials. In this Review, we examine the material properties essential for TCEs in perovskite–silicon tandems, evaluate current candidates, and highlight the key challenges and opportunities for next-generation TCE development. Our goal is to bridge the gap between materials science and device engineering, providing a roadmap to accelerate the integration of advanced TCEs in high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Transparent conducting electrodes are a key performance and sustainability bottleneck in high-efficiency perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. This Review examines how optical, electrical and interfacial losses in transparent conducting electrodes arise in tandem cells and outlines strategies to enable scalable, low-indium electrodes for next-generation devices.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 6","pages":"344-364"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do the benefits of fundamental physics research outweigh its wider societal costs? 基础物理研究的收益是否大于其更广泛的社会成本？

IF 39.5 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2026-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00951-8

Johannes Gutleber

引用次数: 0