Nature nanotechnology最新文献_第4页

Systemic reprogramming of tumour immunity via IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles 通过IL-10-mRNA纳米颗粒的肿瘤免疫系统重编程

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01980-7

Chuang Liu, Xiangang Huang, Kok-Siong Chen, Sihan Xiong, Alexey V. Yaremenko, Xueyan Zhen, Xinru You, Filippo Rossignoli, Yi Tang, Seyoung Koo, Wei Chen, Na Kong, Tian Xie, Khalid Shah, Wei Tao

{"title":"Systemic reprogramming of tumour immunity via IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles","authors":"Chuang Liu, Xiangang Huang, Kok-Siong Chen, Sihan Xiong, Alexey V. Yaremenko, Xueyan Zhen, Xinru You, Filippo Rossignoli, Yi Tang, Seyoung Koo, Wei Chen, Na Kong, Tian Xie, Khalid Shah, Wei Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01980-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01980-7","url":null,"abstract":"Daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant interleukin-10 (IL-10) demonstrated encouraging but preliminary efficacy in certain tumour types during early phase clinical trials. However, these antitumour effects were not consistently replicated in larger trials, probably due to insufficient intratumoural recombinant IL-10 accumulation, which ultimately restricted clinical benefit. Here we show that intravenous injections of IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticles (IL-10-mRNA@NPs) induce potent immune surveillance across diverse preclinical tumour models and mitigate systemic toxicities. In particular, IL-10-mRNA@NPs sustain in situ IL-10 production within tumours, promoting substantial infiltration and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, activation and maturation of dendritic cells, and an augmented expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in immunosuppressive orthotopic early stage hepatocellular carcinoma tumours. Moreover, in mice with orthotopic middle-to-late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma tumours, combining IL-10-mRNA@NPs with immune checkpoint blockades results in 43% of mice showing complete tumour eradication and a sixfold increase in median survival compared with mice treated with immune checkpoint blockades alone. Furthermore, this combination induces long-lasting antitumour immune memory, conferring 100% protection against tumour rechallenges. The intravenous IL-10-mRNA@NPs strategy may have potential to overcome the challenges associated with recombinant IL-10 in clinical trials across a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive tumours.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limiting endosomal damage sensing reduces inflammation triggered by lipid nanoparticle endosomal escape 限制内体损伤感知减少脂质纳米颗粒内体逃逸引发的炎症

IF 34.9 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5

Serena Omo-Lamai, Yufei Wang, Manthan N. Patel, Aleksa Milosavljevic, Daniel Zuschlag, Subhajit Poddar, Jichuan Wu, Liuqian Wang, Fengyi Dong, Carolann Espy, Aparajeeta Majumder, Eno-Obong Essien, Mengwen Shen, Breana Channer, Tyler E. Papp, Michael Tobin, Rhea Maheshwari, Sumin Jeong, Sofia Patel, Anit Shah, Shruthi Murali, Liam S. Chase, Marco E. Zamora, Mariah L. Arral, Oscar A. Marcos-Contreras, Jacob W. Myerson, Christopher A. Hunter, Dennis Discher, Peter J. Gaskill, Andrew Tsourkas, Vladimir R. Muzykantov, Igor Brodsky, Sunny Shin, Kathryn A. Whitehead, Hamideh Parhiz, Jeremy Katzen, Jonathan J. Miner, Dirk Trauner, Jacob S. Brenner

{"title":"Limiting endosomal damage sensing reduces inflammation triggered by lipid nanoparticle endosomal escape","authors":"Serena Omo-Lamai, Yufei Wang, Manthan N. Patel, Aleksa Milosavljevic, Daniel Zuschlag, Subhajit Poddar, Jichuan Wu, Liuqian Wang, Fengyi Dong, Carolann Espy, Aparajeeta Majumder, Eno-Obong Essien, Mengwen Shen, Breana Channer, Tyler E. Papp, Michael Tobin, Rhea Maheshwari, Sumin Jeong, Sofia Patel, Anit Shah, Shruthi Murali, Liam S. Chase, Marco E. Zamora, Mariah L. Arral, Oscar A. Marcos-Contreras, Jacob W. Myerson, Christopher A. Hunter, Dennis Discher, Peter J. Gaskill, Andrew Tsourkas, Vladimir R. Muzykantov, Igor Brodsky, Sunny Shin, Kathryn A. Whitehead, Hamideh Parhiz, Jeremy Katzen, Jonathan J. Miner, Dirk Trauner, Jacob S. Brenner","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as the dominant platform for RNA delivery, but they induce severe inflammation. Here we show that LNPs’ hallmark feature, endosomal escape, which is necessary for RNA expression, also triggers inflammation by causing endosomal membrane damage. Large, irreparable, endosomal holes are recognized by cytosolic proteins called galectins, which regulate downstream inflammation. We find that inhibition of galectins abrogates LNP-associated inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that a unique class of ionizable lipids can create smaller endosomal holes, reparable by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Such lipids can produce high expression from cargo messenger RNA with minimal inflammation. Finally, we show that both galectin inhibition or ESCRT-recruiting ionizable lipids allow for treatment of highly inflammatory disease models by therapeutic mRNAs. These strategies should lead to safer non-inflammatory LNPs that can be generally used to treat inflammatory diseases. Preventing endosomal damage sensing or using lipids that create reparable endosomal holes reduces inflammation caused by RNA-lipid nanoparticles while enabling high RNA expression.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 9","pages":"1285-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Annexin A1 mRNA-loaded liposomes alleviate acute pancreatitis by suppressing STING pathway and promoting efferocytosis in macrophages 负载膜联蛋白A1 mrna的脂质体通过抑制STING通路和促进巨噬细胞的efferocytic减轻急性胰腺炎

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01979-0

Haizong Fang, Peidong You, Shengzhe Lin, Yuwei Wu, Jiajing Lin, Zelin Hou, Feihong Liang, Changgan Chen, Zhiyuan Wang, Linlin Chen, Shihan Zhang, Xiaolan Chen, Kui Zhao, Fengchun Lu, Minggui Pan, Yundong Zhou, Chengliang Yin, João Conde, Heguang Huang, Yu Pan

{"title":"Annexin A1 mRNA-loaded liposomes alleviate acute pancreatitis by suppressing STING pathway and promoting efferocytosis in macrophages","authors":"Haizong Fang, Peidong You, Shengzhe Lin, Yuwei Wu, Jiajing Lin, Zelin Hou, Feihong Liang, Changgan Chen, Zhiyuan Wang, Linlin Chen, Shihan Zhang, Xiaolan Chen, Kui Zhao, Fengchun Lu, Minggui Pan, Yundong Zhou, Chengliang Yin, João Conde, Heguang Huang, Yu Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01979-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01979-0","url":null,"abstract":"Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with high mortality rates and is characterized by increased cell death of acinar cells, with the premature release and activation of digestive enzymes. In its acute phase, AP is accompanied by increased efferocytosis, to clear phagocytic apoptotic cells; annexin A1 (Anxa1) is key to efferocytosis, but its role in AP is still unknown. Here we show that Anxa1 deficiency abrogates the efferocytosis of pancreatic macrophages, resulting in the accumulation of apoptotic acinar cells and necrosis. Moreover, we showed that nano-liposomes loaded with Anxa1 mRNA alleviate AP pathology by suppressing the cGAMP-cGAS-STING pathway and restoring efferocytosis in macrophages. Our results reveal the crucial function of Anxa1 in the efferocytosis of macrophages during AP and illustrate a novel nanotechnology treatment approach for AP that may be of potential therapeutic value in humans.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compact polyethylenimine-complexed mRNA vaccines 紧凑的聚乙烯亚胺复合物mRNA疫苗

IF 34.9 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01961-w

Jorge Moreno Herrero, Theo B. Stahl, Stephanie Erbar, Konrad Maxeiner, Anne Schlegel, Tijana Bacic, Jens Schumacher, Leide P. Cavalcanti, Martin A. Schroer, Dmitri I. Svergun, Ugur Sahin, Heinrich Haas

{"title":"Compact polyethylenimine-complexed mRNA vaccines","authors":"Jorge Moreno Herrero, Theo B. Stahl, Stephanie Erbar, Konrad Maxeiner, Anne Schlegel, Tijana Bacic, Jens Schumacher, Leide P. Cavalcanti, Martin A. Schroer, Dmitri I. Svergun, Ugur Sahin, Heinrich Haas","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01961-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-01961-w","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe formulations comprising individual, polymer-complexed self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) molecules, designed for vaccination against infectious diseases and other prophylactic and therapeutic applications. When exposed to a large excess of the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI), the single saRNA molecules in solution reorganize from an extended to a globular organization, characterized by a high packing density, low polymer mass fraction and, consequently, a very small size of the polyplex nanoparticles of about 30 nm. This format of PEI-complexed saRNA exhibits enhanced biological activity in comparison with previously described saRNA/PEI formulations, both in vitro and in vivo. In vaccination models, relevant immune responses at lower doses are achieved, offering potential advantages for practical use. We found that the single PEI-complexed RNA molecules are also present in conventional formulations to some degree. The direct correlation between the single-molecule fraction with activity suggests that it is this format that predominantly contributes to activity in the different formulation types. Complexation is driven by mechanisms of self-assembly between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, making this protocol broadly applicable to various cationic polymers and RNA constructs. With their small size and good stability in biofluids, these compacted RNA molecules are also promising for the systemic delivery of genetic material to compartments that are difficult to reach with larger particles. Single, self-amplifying RNA molecules condensed by an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte self-assemble into compact globular nanoparticles that can be used as vaccines to generate potent immunological responses at low doses.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 9","pages":"1323-1331"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualizing the nanostructure of the cell’s sugar coat 可视化细胞糖衣的纳米结构

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01989-y

引用次数: 0

A versatile antibody capture system drives specific in vivo delivery of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles 多功能抗体捕获系统驱动特定的体内递送mrna负载脂质纳米颗粒

IF 34.9 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01954-9

Moore Z. Chen, Daniel Yuen, Victoria M. McLeod, Ken W. Yong, Cameron H. Smyth, Bruna Rossi Herling, Thomas. J. Payne, Stewart A. Fabb, Matthew J. Belousoff, Azizah Algarni, Patrick M. Sexton, Christopher J. H. Porter, Colin W. Pouton, Angus P. R. Johnston

{"title":"A versatile antibody capture system drives specific in vivo delivery of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles","authors":"Moore Z. Chen, Daniel Yuen, Victoria M. McLeod, Ken W. Yong, Cameron H. Smyth, Bruna Rossi Herling, Thomas. J. Payne, Stewart A. Fabb, Matthew J. Belousoff, Azizah Algarni, Patrick M. Sexton, Christopher J. H. Porter, Colin W. Pouton, Angus P. R. Johnston","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01954-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-01954-9","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and precise delivery of mRNA is critical to advance mRNA therapies beyond their current use as vaccines. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) efficiently encapsulate and protect mRNA, but non-specific cellular uptake may lead to off-target delivery and minimal delivery to target cells. Functionalizing LNPs with antibodies enables targeted mRNA delivery, but traditional modification techniques require complex conjugation and purification, which often reduces antibody affinity. Here we present a simple method for capturing antibodies in their optimal orientation on LNPs, without antibody modification or complex purification. This strategy uses an optimally oriented anti-Fc nanobody on the LNP surface to capture antibodies, resulting in protein expression levels more than 1,000 times higher than non-targeted LNPs and more than 8 times higher than conventional antibody functionalization techniques. These precisely targeted LNPs showed highly efficient in vivo targeting to T cells, with minimal delivery to other immune cells. This approach enables the rapid development of targeted LNPs and has the potential to broaden the use of mRNA therapies. A mix-and-go system enables the rapid prototyping of antibody formulations, allowing control of their orientation on the surface of LNPs for specific cell targeting, significantly improving the ex vivo and in vivo deliveries of mRNA.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 9","pages":"1273-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-01954-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time observation of topological defect dynamics mediating two-dimensional skyrmion lattice melting 二维skyrmion晶格熔化的拓扑缺陷动力学实时观察

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01977-2

Raphael Gruber, Jan Rothörl, Simon M. Fröhlich, Maarten A. Brems, Fabian Kammerbauer, Maria-Andromachi Syskaki, Elizabeth M. Jefremovas, Sachin Krishnia, Asle Sudbø, Peter Virnau, Mathias Kläui

{"title":"Real-time observation of topological defect dynamics mediating two-dimensional skyrmion lattice melting","authors":"Raphael Gruber, Jan Rothörl, Simon M. Fröhlich, Maarten A. Brems, Fabian Kammerbauer, Maria-Andromachi Syskaki, Elizabeth M. Jefremovas, Sachin Krishnia, Asle Sudbø, Peter Virnau, Mathias Kläui","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01977-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01977-2","url":null,"abstract":"Topological defects are the key feature mediating two-dimensional phase transitions. However, both resolution and tunability have been lacking to access the dynamics of these transitions in the various two-dimensional systems explored. Skyrmions in magnetic thin films are two-dimensional, topologically non-trivial quasi-particles that provide rich dynamics as well as tunability as an essential ingredient for the control of their phase behaviour. With dynamic Kerr microscopy, we directly capture the melting of a confined two-dimensional magnetic skyrmion lattice in a Ta/CoFeB/Ta/MgO/Ta magnetic multilayer system with high resolution in real time and real space. By the applied magnetic field, we tune the skyrmion size and effective temperature on the fly to drive the two-step melting through an intermediate hexatic regime between the solid lattice and the isotropic liquid. We quantify the characteristic occurrence of topological defects mediating the transitions and reveal the dynamics of the lattice dislocations. The full real-time and real-space imaging reveals the diffusion coefficient of dislocations, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of skyrmions.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering disorder with monolayer amorphous carbon growth 单层非晶碳生长的工程无序性

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01986-1

Hyeongjoon Kim, Kyuyeon Won, Hyeon Suk Shin

引用次数: 0

An information ratchet improves selectivity in molecular recognition under non-equilibrium conditions 信息棘轮提高了非平衡条件下分子识别的选择性

IF 38.3 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01982-5

Benjamin M. W. Roberts, Erica Del Grosso, Emanuele Penocchio, Francesco Ricci, Leonard J. Prins

{"title":"An information ratchet improves selectivity in molecular recognition under non-equilibrium conditions","authors":"Benjamin M. W. Roberts, Erica Del Grosso, Emanuele Penocchio, Francesco Ricci, Leonard J. Prins","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01982-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01982-5","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular recognition is essential for controlling chemical processes, passing molecular instructions to elicit responses including structure formation, signalling and replication. Usually, the selectivity of molecular recognition is under thermodynamic control; however, when a higher fidelity is required, nature improves recognition selectivity by an error correction mechanism under an energy-dissipating kinetic-control regime. Here, exploiting DNA hybridization as a model, we present an abiotic example of an information ratchet mechanism that increases selectivity for the ‘correct’ duplex from 2:1 at equilibrium to 6:1 under energy-dissipating conditions. Structural asymmetry in the DNA strands introduces kinetic asymmetry in the reaction network, enabling enrichment under non-equilibrium conditions. We quantify the free-energy cost associated with enhanced selectivity using Shannon entropy formalism, finding that an increase in information of 0.33 bits is associated with at least 3.0 kJ mol−1 of free energy. Moreover, the minimalistic structures of our error reduction system demonstrates that biomachinery is not necessary to increase molecular recognition fidelities above the thermodynamically expected values, thereby pointing a way towards solving Eigen’s paradox.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors 下一代纳米马达的路线图

IF 34.9 1区材料科学

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-01962-9

Shuqin Chen, Donglei Emma Fan, Peer Fischer, Ambarish Ghosh, Kerstin Göpfrich, Ramin Golestanian, Henry Hess, Xing Ma, Bradley J. Nelson, Tania Patiño Padial, Jinyao Tang, Katherine Villa, Wei Wang, Li Zhang, Ayusman Sen, Samuel Sánchez

{"title":"A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors","authors":"Shuqin Chen, Donglei Emma Fan, Peer Fischer, Ambarish Ghosh, Kerstin Göpfrich, Ramin Golestanian, Henry Hess, Xing Ma, Bradley J. Nelson, Tania Patiño Padial, Jinyao Tang, Katherine Villa, Wei Wang, Li Zhang, Ayusman Sen, Samuel Sánchez","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-01962-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-01962-9","url":null,"abstract":"Since their discovery in 2004, there has been remarkable progress in research on nanomotors, from the elucidation of different propulsion mechanisms to the study of their collective behaviour, culminating in investigations into their applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. This Perspective reviews this evolution in nanomotor research and discusses the key challenges ahead, including the need for developing advanced characterization techniques, precise motion control, materials innovation, theory and modelling, and translationally feasible in vivo biomedical applications. These challenges highlight the current limitations of synthetic nanomotors and point to exciting future opportunities to revolutionize theranostics and create ‘living’ hybrid systems. We introduce the concept of ‘systems materials’ to encompass interacting functional materials across length scales from molecular to macro. Thus, this Perspective aims to inspire future generations of researchers to advance both fundamental understanding and practical breakthroughs, thereby engineering a paradigm shift in nanomotor research. This Perspective traces the evolution of fundamental and applied aspects of nanomotor research over the past 20 years, highlights current challenges and proposes design principles for developing the next generation of intelligent nanomotors.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 8","pages":"990-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0