{"title":"Black phosphorus nanosheets boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation improving immunotherapy outcomes.","authors":"Yuedi Yang,Mingda Zhao,Jiadong Li,Ruiling Xu,Jie Liang,Qing Jiang,Xingchen Peng,Aiping Tong,Li Min,Yunfeng Lin,Xingdong Zhang,Yujiang Fan,Yong Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02022-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02022-y","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating intracellular phosphorus may affect multiple biosynthetic processes and modulate cancer cell progression. Here we show that exogenous PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets (BPP) are metabolized into phosphate in tumor cells, where they boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This results in the modulation of several signalling pathways, with the attenuation of prosurvival gene expression and reduction in PD-L1 protein expression in melanoma cells, leading to impaired cancer progression. We also reveal that BPP promote the activation of immune regulation, confirmed by the increased proinflammatory cytokine content in serum, high expression of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ T cells and lower expression of CD4+ regulatory T cells in tumour and lymph nodes. In the spleen, BPP mediate a significant increase in the concentration of effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing a 'positive regulation' of the immune microenvironment. The introduction of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor further enhances the immunopotentiation effect. These findings may define BPP as a dual-function tumour chemotherapeutic and immunopotentiator.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Gao,Wenzheng Shi,Stephen J Klawa,Margaret L Daly,Edward T Samulski,Ehssan Nazockdast,Ronit Freeman
{"title":"Reversible metamorphosis of hierarchical DNA-inorganic crystals.","authors":"Yuan Gao,Wenzheng Shi,Stephen J Klawa,Margaret L Daly,Edward T Samulski,Ehssan Nazockdast,Ronit Freeman","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02026-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02026-8","url":null,"abstract":"Living systems transform their shapes via reversible formation of macromolecular structural complexes, leading to deformations at localized sites. Here we report DNA-inorganic flower-shaped crystals with inscribed deformation modes that enable flowers to shrink and bend reversibly. Template-independent DNA polymerization of pH-responsive and inert blocks tune the hierarchical assembly and spatial localization of DNA within flowers. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that reversible, pH-triggered folding of intraflower DNA strands drives reconfiguration of flowers. By contrast, the subflower localization of these contractile DNA motifs dictates the mode of shape change. As microscale flowers close and open, their nanoscale crystal organization changes reversibly, suggesting that mechanical metamorphosis of flowers is transduced across multiple organizational length scales. The adaptability of flowers to environmental changes activates cascaded biocatalytic reactions and reveals gel-encrypted information. Further variation of the DNA polymer sequence, its subcrystal localization and its reversible folding advances a new class of organic-inorganic shape-shifters.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B J Kim,Nouran S Abdelfattah,Alexander Hostetler,Darrell J Irvine
{"title":"Progress in cancer vaccines enabled by nanotechnology.","authors":"B J Kim,Nouran S Abdelfattah,Alexander Hostetler,Darrell J Irvine","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02021-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02021-z","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic vaccines for cancer have been pursued for decades but historically have a low rate of clinical efficacy. However, recent advances in vaccine technologies alongside new vaccination regimens and clinical trial designs are showing promise in early-stage trials, demonstrating substantial benefits in recurrence-free and overall survival in cancer patients. Nanotechnologies are playing an important role in these advances through the introduction of lipid nanoparticles and lipoplexes that can effectively deliver mRNA vaccines, improved adjuvants, and the development of technologies that efficiently target peptide vaccines to secondary lymphoid tissues. Here we review these advances in the context of parallel progress in cancer antigen discovery, nucleic acid vaccine engineering and clinical trial designs that may enable therapeutic vaccines to effectively enhance patient survival. We also discuss outstanding challenges still to be solved to maximize the efficacy of cancer vaccines.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy,Qi Wang,Denis Yu Vodolazov,Roland Sachser,Michael Huth,Sebastian Knauer,Alexander I Buzdin
{"title":"Moving Abrikosov vortex lattices generate sub-40-nm magnons.","authors":"Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy,Qi Wang,Denis Yu Vodolazov,Roland Sachser,Michael Huth,Sebastian Knauer,Alexander I Buzdin","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02024-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02024-w","url":null,"abstract":"Magnons, the quasi-particles of spin waves, are promising candidates for developing wave-based computing and hybrid quantum technologies. However, generating short-wavelength magnons through microwave excitation becomes increasingly challenging because the excitation efficiency decreases as the antenna size shrinks. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach and generate magnons in a Co-Fe strip using magnetic flux quanta, that is, Abrikosov vortices, moving in an adjacent Nb-C superconductor at velocities exceeding 1 km s-1. The moving vortex lattice acts on the magnetic layer via both static and dynamic stray fields. Our experiments showcase the unidirectional excitation of sub-40-nm wavelength magnons and their coherent interaction with the moving vortices. In turn, the Nb-C sustains its low-resistive state because the magnon creation removes energy from the superconductor. This discovery enables high-speed on-chip electrically driven magnon generation and validates an alternative means of magnon excitation. Our approach could be adapted to other wave excitations, such as surface acoustic waves, for integration into advanced electronic and hybrid quantum systems.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaobing Tu, Connor D. Flynn, Jeonghee Yeom, Zhenwei Wu, Shana O. Kelley, Wei Gao
{"title":"Wearable biomolecular sensing nanotechnologies in chronic disease management","authors":"Jiaobing Tu, Connor D. Flynn, Jeonghee Yeom, Zhenwei Wu, Shana O. Kelley, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02010-2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, consumer wearable sensors have become increasingly ubiquitous in health monitoring, enabling the widespread tracking of key biophysical parameters. The transition towards next-generation body-interfaced biomolecular sensing technologies, fuelled by the integration of reagentless sensing strategies with advanced nanomaterials, marks the next substantial leap forward. These innovations enable unobtrusive, multimodal monitoring of both physiological parameters and biochemical disease markers in real time. This Review examines the current generation of body-interfaced biomolecular sensing technologies, with a particular emphasis on materials innovation and nanotechnological advancements, and discusses their pivotal role in chronic disease monitoring. The discussion extends to the challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential for materials-focused approaches to transform the landscape of chronic disease monitoring and management with body-interfaced bioelectronics. By harnessing the power of materials and nanotechnological innovations, these biomolecular sensing technologies promise to enhance diagnostic capabilities and foster a more proactive, personalized approach to combating these diseases. This Review examines recent advances in body-interfaced biomolecular sensors for chronic disease monitoring, highlighting relevant biomarkers and nanomaterial-enabled sensing modalities, wearable form factors, clinical applications and challenges to real-world translation.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1388-1404"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A push towards disruptive biosensing technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02050-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02050-8","url":null,"abstract":"We present a Focus issue on biosensing, examining sensing modalities at various length scales and their future roles in diagnostics, showcasing the field’s interdisciplinary nature.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1345-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02050-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards the next generation of nanobiosensors","authors":"Arben Merkoçi","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02038-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02038-4","url":null,"abstract":"Since the term nanobiosensor first emerged over three decades ago, the field has witnessed an explosion of groundbreaking research. Thanks to the development of advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, combined with decades of expertise in biosensing, a wide range of innovative and improved nanobiosensors have been reported, but many challenges remain. For this technology to truly meet real-world needs — particularly in global health and related applications — further efforts are needed to improve performance, useability, scalability and cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1346-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hand-powered interfacial electric-field-enhanced water disinfection system.","authors":"Zhidi Chen, Yajing Zhang, Panjing Lv, Tongwei Wu, Jianing He, Jinyan Du, Qiangqiang Sun, Qianbao Wu, Jinlong Yang, Yiming Zhang, Yanning Zhang, Fei He, Chunhua Cui, Gonghua Hong, Hongyu Zhu, Yan Li, Junling Guo, Xu Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02033-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical-energy-driven portable water disinfection has attracted attention for its electricity-free operation, but this approach generally faces bottlenecks such as a high mechanical activation threshold, energy dispersion and low interfacial reaction efficiency, making it difficult to achieve rapid and stable pathogen inactivation in practical scenarios. Here we report a manually operated portable water disinfection system that can inactivate 99.9999% of Vibrio cholerae within 1 min and demonstrate broad-spectrum disinfection against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Amino-modified SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles loaded with Au nanoparticles capture hydrated electrons and transfer them to the electret surface to generate localized nanoscale electric fields, which are further strengthened by hydrophobic fluorinated groups. This interfacial architecture not only promotes charge accumulation and transfer, but also leverages the intensified electric field to actively drive reactive oxygen species generation at the solid-liquid-air interface, thereby markedly enhancing the disinfection rate and efficacy compared with existing contact-electrification-based disinfection technologies. Owing to its ease of operation, our interfacial electric-field-enhanced disinfection system is readily deployable in disaster relief and resource-constrained regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}