{"title":"Hand-powered interfacial electric-field-enhanced water disinfection system.","authors":"Zhidi Chen, Yajing Zhang, Panjing Lv, Tongwei Wu, Jianing He, Jinyan Du, Qiangqiang Sun, Qianbao Wu, Jinlong Yang, Yiming Zhang, Yanning Zhang, Fei He, Chunhua Cui, Gonghua Hong, Hongyu Zhu, Yan Li, Junling Guo, Xu Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02033-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical-energy-driven portable water disinfection has attracted attention for its electricity-free operation, but this approach generally faces bottlenecks such as a high mechanical activation threshold, energy dispersion and low interfacial reaction efficiency, making it difficult to achieve rapid and stable pathogen inactivation in practical scenarios. Here we report a manually operated portable water disinfection system that can inactivate 99.9999% of Vibrio cholerae within 1 min and demonstrate broad-spectrum disinfection against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Amino-modified SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles loaded with Au nanoparticles capture hydrated electrons and transfer them to the electret surface to generate localized nanoscale electric fields, which are further strengthened by hydrophobic fluorinated groups. This interfacial architecture not only promotes charge accumulation and transfer, but also leverages the intensified electric field to actively drive reactive oxygen species generation at the solid-liquid-air interface, thereby markedly enhancing the disinfection rate and efficacy compared with existing contact-electrification-based disinfection technologies. Owing to its ease of operation, our interfacial electric-field-enhanced disinfection system is readily deployable in disaster relief and resource-constrained regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noé Brasier, Anja Domenghino, Christoph A. Meier, Christine Jacob, Shuai Xu, John A. Rogers
{"title":"Implementing clinical needs into the development of wearable health-monitoring technology","authors":"Noé Brasier, Anja Domenghino, Christoph A. Meier, Christine Jacob, Shuai Xu, John A. Rogers","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02020-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02020-0","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of clinical needs and feedback throughout the development cycle of wearable health-monitoring technology is key to success. Close collaboration with all stakeholders involved will speed clinical translation to the market.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1350-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Einollah Sarikhani, Kuldeep Mahato, Ana Casanova, Keivan Rahmani, Joseph Wang, Zeinab Jahed
{"title":"Nanosensors for real-time intracellular analytics","authors":"Einollah Sarikhani, Kuldeep Mahato, Ana Casanova, Keivan Rahmani, Joseph Wang, Zeinab Jahed","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02032-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02032-w","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental goal in modern biology and precision medicine is to acquire rich, multi-omics-style information from cells, including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolic and electrophysiological data, in real time and at single-cell resolution. However, current techniques often rely on destructive endpoint assays that require cell lysis, losing spatial, temporal and dynamic context. Nanoscale sensors offer a transformative solution by enabling minimally invasive, continuous monitoring of intracellular activities. Here we propose a spatial classification of intracellular sensing technologies—near cell, on cell and in cell—and use this framework to evaluate the sensing modalities on the basis of their invasiveness, signal fidelity and resolution. We highlight emerging sensor platforms that are capable of detecting ions, metabolites, electrical signals and mechanical changes, as well as artificial intelligence-driven strategies for decoding complex cellular data streams. We further consider the integration of these nanosensors into three-dimensional, physiologically relevant models such as organoids to create ‘smart organoids’ that report on their internal state autonomously and in real time. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in achieving intelligent intracellular sensing, including issues of sensor miniaturization, biocompatibility, multiplexing and three-dimensional integration. Together, these advances set the stage for a new era of dynamic, high-resolution cell profiling that can accelerate drug discovery, disease modelling and personalized medicine. This Review provides insights into nanosensor technologies for monitoring cellular biomarkers, proposing a spatial framework to clarify their distinct advantages, challenges and performance for high-resolution, dynamic profiling of cellular analytes.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1374-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tailoring nanoscale interfaces for perovskite-perovskite-silicon triple-junction solar cells.","authors":"Jianghui Zheng,Guoliang Wang,Leiping Duan,Weiyuan Duan,Yang Jiang,Phoebe Pearce,Yijun Gao,Md Arafat Mahmud,Chwenhaw Liao,Tik Lun Leung,Jueming Bing,Zhuofeng Li,Zhenyu Sun,Xin Cui,Christopher Bailey,Marko Jankovec,Jianpeng Yi,Runmin Tao,Lijie Zheng,Baihong Zhu,Yue Sun,Nan Sun,Gaosheng Huang,Li Wang,Andreas Lambertz,Stephen Bremner,Xinqin Liao,Tingzhu Wu,Guohua Xie,Mathias Uller Rothmann,Marko Topič,David R McKenzie,Kaining Ding,Wei Li,Zhong Chen,Anita W Y Ho-Baillie","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02015-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02015-x","url":null,"abstract":"Triple-junction solar cells theoretically outperform their double-junction and single-junction counterparts in power conversion efficiency, yet practical perovskite-perovskite-silicon devices have fallen short of both theoretical limits and commercial targets. To address surface defects in the top perovskite junction, we introduce a piperazine-1,4-diium chloride treatment, which replaces less stable lithium fluoride. For interfacing the top and middle perovskite junctions, we optimize the size of gold nanoparticles deposited on atomic layer-deposited tin oxide for best ohmic contacting with minimal optical losses. Applying these strategies, our champion 1-cm2 triple-junction cell achieved a third party-verified reverse-scan power conversion efficiency of 27.06% with an open circuit voltage of 3.16 V. Scaling up to 16 cm2, the device produced a certified steady-state power conversion efficiency of 23.3%. Device longevity also improved by eliminating methylammonium and incorporating rubidium into the perovskite bulk alongside the piperazine-1,4-diium chloride surface layer. An encapsulated 1-cm2 cell retained 95% of its initial efficiency after 407 h at maximum power point and passed the IEC 61215 thermal cycling test. These results represent advancements towards efficient and stable perovskite-perovskite-silicon triple-junction solar cells.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Qiu,Chase Sellers,Zhen-Yu Wu,David A Cullen,Eli Stavitski,Akhil Tayal,Tae-Ung Wi,Mounika Kodali,Bryan Erb,Andrew Smeltz,Feng-Yang Chen,Yuge Feng,Zhou Yu,Ahmad Elgazzar,Tanguy Terlier,Thomas P Senftle,Haotian Wang
{"title":"Low-iridium stabilized ruthenium oxide anode catalyst for durable proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis.","authors":"Chang Qiu,Chase Sellers,Zhen-Yu Wu,David A Cullen,Eli Stavitski,Akhil Tayal,Tae-Ung Wi,Mounika Kodali,Bryan Erb,Andrew Smeltz,Feng-Yang Chen,Yuge Feng,Zhou Yu,Ahmad Elgazzar,Tanguy Terlier,Thomas P Senftle,Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02030-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02030-y","url":null,"abstract":"While mixing iridium (Ir) with ruthenium oxide (RuO2) has proven to be an effective strategy for reducing Ir loading in anode catalysts for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers, achieving industrially relevant long-term stability typically requires an Ir-rich, Ru-lean combination. Here, by combining density functional theory with Metropolis Monte Carlo methods, we discovered that sufficient stabilization in the RuO2 lattice could be achieved with less than 50 at.% of Ir, and that Ir in the first subsurface layer plays a critical role. By effectively dispersing Ir dopants within the RuO2 lattice, we demonstrated an Ir:Ru atomic ratio of only 1:6 that exhibited exceptional stability for over 1,500 h of continuous water electrolysis at 2 A cm-2. Our Ru6IrOx catalyst has the potential to reduce Ir loading by 80% compared with current commercial PEM water electrolysers, and its stability was further validated under industrial testing conditions in a 25-cm2 PEM electrolyser.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Midori Johnston, Schan Dissanayake-Perera, James J. Collins, Molly M. Stevens, Can Dincer
{"title":"Convergence of nanotechnology and CRISPR-based diagnostics","authors":"Midori Johnston, Schan Dissanayake-Perera, James J. Collins, Molly M. Stevens, Can Dincer","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02018-8","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to its broad application in genome engineering and therapeutics, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology provides field-deployable methods for the highly sensitive and selective detection of nucleic acids. From a diagnostic perspective, CRISPR-based assays hold clear clinical potential for identifying a range of both infectious and non-communicable diseases. In this Perspective we evaluate recent nanotechnologies and nanomaterials that have been engineered to interface with CRISPR systems on a nanoscale level to realize the full potential of this versatile diagnostic tool. We assess biomolecules such as enzymes and oligonucleotides, some of the more commonly used synthetic nanoparticles and detection platforms that integrate nanotechnologies in new and innovative ways. We discuss current trends and look ahead to future challenges and opportunities, including non-nucleic acid target detection, pre-amplification-free detection of nucleic acids, the development of wearable devices and integration with artificial intelligence workflows. This Perspective examines the technological landscape to bridge the gaps between CRISPR-based diagnostics and nanomaterials, proposing specific synergies that could catalyse their development and application.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 10","pages":"1365-1373"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatiotemporal-adaptive nanotherapeutics promote post-injury regeneration in ageing through metabolic modulation.","authors":"Kaiyu Liang,Lan Zhao,Shuheng Zhang,Luyu Zheng,Zheyuan Zhang,Shengyu Wang,Junxin Chen,Wenbin Xu,Weikai Wang,Hanshen Yang,Chenxin Song,Pengcheng Qiu,Chenchen Zhao,Weifeng Fang,Jinjin Zhu,Shunwu Fan,Zhaoming Liu,Ruikang Tang,Yueqi Zhao,Xiangqian Fang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02017-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02017-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the elderly population, dysregulated cellular behaviour during the healing process impacts tissue regeneration after injury. Early in the regeneration process, pro-inflammatory macrophages contribute to immune imbalance, while in later stages, senescent stem cells reduce regenerative capacity. Here we demonstrate that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can reprogramme both types of dysfunctional cell. We developed a spatiotemporal-adaptive nanotherapeutic system for the delivery of NAD+ into selected cells during different phases of tissue repair. By replenishing intracellular NAD+ pools, this system reshapes the multicellular regeneration niche, by metabolically rewiring pro-inflammatory macrophages towards a pro-repair phenotype during the early phase, and enhancing the differentiation capacity of senescent stem cells at later stages. This strategy effectively restored impaired bone regeneration in osteoporotic mice and accelerated skin wound healing. Our work presents a spatiotemporal-adaptive nanomedicine platform that bridges cell metabolism, nanomedicine and regeneration therapy.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Wu,Bin Li,Xiang Zhu,Zhengya Wang,Ruoting Yin,Zhenfa Zheng,Bowen Zhao,Honghui Shang,Qing-Song Deng,Yuan-Zhi Tan,Yao Zhang,Chuanxu Ma,Shijing Tan,Yi Luo,Jinlong Yang,J G Hou,Bing Wang
{"title":"Polaron superlattices in n-doped single conjugated polymers.","authors":"Yingying Wu,Bin Li,Xiang Zhu,Zhengya Wang,Ruoting Yin,Zhenfa Zheng,Bowen Zhao,Honghui Shang,Qing-Song Deng,Yuan-Zhi Tan,Yao Zhang,Chuanxu Ma,Shijing Tan,Yi Luo,Jinlong Yang,J G Hou,Bing Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02019-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02019-7","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of multiple polarons, particularly at high doping levels, involves complex many-body interactions that substantially influence the electronic and transport properties of various materials. Determining the spatial distributions of coupled electronic and vibrational states is essential to understanding interacting polarons at a microscopic level but remains a challenge. Here we report the crystallization of electron polarons into quasi-one-dimensional polaron superlattices in highly n-doped single ethynylene-bonded polypentacenes. We employ integrated scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with first-principles density functional theory to correlate electronic, vibrational and structural information. The observed polaron superlattices exhibit different periodicities that depend on the doping levels. Their real-space polaron wavefunctions are determined by the intertwined electronic and vibrational periodic modulations associated with the periodic lattice distortions as resolved by atomic force microscopy. We can then identify the multiband charge-density-wave attributes of interacting polarons in these superlattices. Our findings provide microscopic insights in interacting polarons, which is important for the understanding of polaronic charge transport mechanisms in organic semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meso-macroporous hydrogel for direct litre-scale isolation of extracellular vesicles.","authors":"Junbeom Kim,Minjin Kang,Geonhee Han,Sujin Hyung,Mina Kim,Minjeong Jang,Han Kyul Lee,Yunhee Seo,Ki Cheol Gil,Changheon Kim,Sojin Song,Seonghyeok Jeong,Seongchan Kim,Min Soo Kim,Ji Sung Shim,Sung Gu Kang,Young Chan Lee,Seok Chung,Il-Joo Cho,Tae Soup Shim,Kwang Hoon Song,Jouha Min,Hyejeong Seong,Kyungeun Lee,Jeeyun Lee,Cheolju Lee,Hong Nam Kim,Hyojin Lee,Sun Hwa Kim,Ji Yoon Kang,Ki Wan Bong,Nakwon Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02011-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02011-1","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles are cell-originated lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that play vital roles in cell-to-cell communications. While extracellular vesicles hold substantial biomedical potential, conventional methodologies for isolating extracellular vesicles require elaborate preprocessing and, therefore, remain labour intensive and limited by throughput. To overcome these challenges, we present a facile fabrication route for generating a meso-macroporous hydrogel matrix with pores of ~400 nm for customizable extracellular vesicle isolation. By combining surface charge-selective capture of extracellular vesicles within the hydrogel matrix and their recovery by high ionic strength, we report direct extracellular vesicle isolation with a throughput range from microlitre to litre scales, without preprocessing, for various biofluids, including whole blood, plasma, ascites, saliva, urine, bovine milk and cell culture media. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the meso-macroporous hydrogel also serves as a solid-phase matrix for preserving extracellular vesicles for on-demand downstream analyses, making it applicable for therapeutics, cosmeceuticals and disease diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":38.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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