Nature nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Defect-bound states of exciton condensate as an analogue of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov state.","authors":"SeongJin Kwon, Kyung-Hwan Jin, Jong Eun Han, Siwon Lee, ChoongJae Won, Sang-Wook Cheong, Han Woong Yeom","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02267-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02267-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum condensed states in solids often reveal their fundamental nature via interactions with impurities, as epitomized by Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound states at magnetic impurities in superconductors. Although analogous bound states are predicted within quantum condensates of excitons, their existence has been elusive. Here we visualize in-gap electronic states bound to impurities inside an exciton condensate phase of a van der Waals crystal Ta₂Pd₃Te₅ at 4.4 K, utilizing scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. We find that the energies of in-gap states are correlated with the excitonic band gap, which is systematically tuned by local strain and carrier injection. Our theoretical analyses reveal that these in-gap states can be explained by charge dipoles associated with Pd atoms on Ta sites through a charge-exciton version of the YSR mechanism. Our findings introduce the analogue of YSR physics in exciton condensates and a microscopic tool to probe and control quantum properties in exciton condensates persisting up to room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic biomass micro–nanofibre framework for entrapment and clearance of gastrointestinal microplastics","authors":"Yang Wu,&nbsp;Fangtian Liu,&nbsp;Yifei Liu,&nbsp;Min Zheng,&nbsp;Jiacheng Sun,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi,&nbsp;Jun Wu,&nbsp;Yumin Du,&nbsp;Hongbing Deng,&nbsp;Xue Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02266-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02266-2","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) are infiltrating global food systems, where they disseminate systemically, posing unmet health risks as current strategies fail to prevent bioaccumulation. We have engineered an oral alginate–chitin micro–nanofibre framework (Alg-Ch) as a pH-responsive scavenger, which was formed via lyophilization-induced hydrogen bonding and physical entanglement between alginate microfibres and chitin nanofibrous sheets (1:10 ratio). Alg-Ch captured MPs predominantly through two mechanisms: electrostatic adsorption onto a protonated chitin nanonetwork in gastric acid, and physical entrapment by swollen alginate at intestinal pH. It captured 500-nm spherical MPs of varying surface chemistry (polystyrene (PS), PS-COOH, PS-NH2) and composition (polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate), and irregular fragments including PS fibres, polypropylene, and polyethylene, achieving capacities of 816.6 mg g−1 (stomach) and 1114.5 mg g−1 (intestine), and retained &gt;47% efficacy with food. In mice, Alg-Ch reduced colonic MP fluorescence by ∼50% within 2 h and accelerated faecal elimination. A 13-week Alg-Ch intervention restored tight-junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5, decreased serum levels of interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1β, and promoted recovery of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera, with no evidence of body-weight loss, organ toxicity or histopathological lesions. This biocompatible platform unifies mechanical sequestration, barrier repair and microbiome rehabilitation, offering a scalable strategy to mitigate the risks of ingested MPs and the global health burden of plastic pollution. An oral biocompatible alginate–chitin micro–nanofibre framework captures ingested microplastics through pH-responsive electrostatic adsorption and physical entrapment, accelerating excretion, restoring the intestinal barrier and microbiome in mice.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1489-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum-well metasurface for free-space-accessible enhanced nonlinear polarization.","authors":"Pernille Undrum Fathi, Irene Occhiodori, Patrick Devaney, Amberly Ricks, Rithvik Ramesh, Yiwei Ju, Moaz Waqar, Theodore P Letsou, Christina M Spägele, Hyunseung Jung, Igal Brener, Xiaoqing Pan, Marcus Ossiander, Seth R Bank, Federico Capasso","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02268-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02268-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonlinear frequency conversion underpins important technologies such as telecommunications and quantum computation; however, weak nonlinearities and architectures that resist miniaturization currently limit devices' efficiency and widespread adoption. Here we combine a band-structure-engineered GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum-well heterostructure with a high-quality-factor dielectric metasurface and symmetry-broken guided-mode field profiles to enhance the material nonlinear susceptibility. By engineering a resonant interband transition in the heterostructure, we realize a second-order nonlinear tensor element of 1.6 nm V^-1 at 1.57 μm wavelength. We then make it free-space accessible and boost the effective nonlinearity to ~14 nm V^-1 using a metasurface patterned on the material. Our proof-of-concept experiment establishes that combining interband-transition engineering and metasurfaces enables giant effective nonlinearities in the near-infrared to visible spectrum. This addresses material and device-level constraints in nonlinear photonics, providing a scalable route to compact, efficient devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden valleys spin perovskite optoelectronics up","authors":"Xiao-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02269-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02269-z","url":null,"abstract":"Converting continuous spin textures into discrete hidden valleys via local symmetry breaking unlocks long-lived, room-temperature spin control in two-dimensional perovskites.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1375-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge-sharing RuO2 single layer for stable and low overpotential acidic water electrolysis","authors":"Wenxiang Zhu,&nbsp;Jing Zhou,&nbsp;Mengjie Ma,&nbsp;Hengjie Liu,&nbsp;Fan Liao,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Chang-Yang Kuo,&nbsp;Yunxiang Lin,&nbsp;Chih-Wen Pao,&nbsp;Yu-Chung Chang,&nbsp;Shu-Chih Haw,&nbsp;Su-Yang Hsu,&nbsp;Jin-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Meng Ni,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Mingwang Shao,&nbsp;Zhiwei Hu,&nbsp;Zhenhui Kang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Huang,&nbsp;Qi Shao","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02255-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02255-5","url":null,"abstract":"The acidic oxygen-evolution reaction is intrinsically sluggish and requires large overpotentials, creating a key bottleneck for proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis technology. Here we show an edge-sharing single-layer oxide, 1T-phase ruthenium oxide (1T-RuO2). The edge-sharing configuration enables parallel alignment of ruthenium 4d orbitals across adjacent RuO6 octahedral clusters, facilitating intersite electron transport, in contrast to conventional rutile-type RuO2 with corner-/edge-sharing structures. 1T-RuO2 exhibits high acidic oxygen-evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 77 mV at 10 mA cm−2. It also delivers a mass activity of $$3,743.43,{rm{A}},{{rm{g}}}_{text{Ru}}^{-1}$$ and a turnover frequency of 23.99 s−1 at 1.50 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, exceeding those of rutile-RuO2 and showing highly competitive performance under the described experimental framework. In addition, 1T-RuO2 maintains a current density of ∼2.9 A cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.70 V for over 1,100 h in a proton-exchange membrane water electrolyser. Single-layer 1T-RuO2 with an edge-sharing structure enables efficient electron transport and delivers ultralow overpotential, high activity and long-term stability for acidic water electrolysis in a proton-exchange membrane water electrolyser.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1413-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanopore-enabled time-resolved monitoring of catecholamine-related phenylalanine metabolism.","authors":"Mingqian Zhang, Ziyi Li, Wenying Hao, Yakun Yi, Ke Zhou, Lei Liu, Hai-Chen Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02273-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02273-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catecholamines, including dopamine, noradrenaline (also known as norepinephrine) and adrenaline (also known as epinephrine), are essential regulators of neural and endocrine function. Although they are synthesized through a branched phenylalanine metabolic pathway, direct and dynamic monitoring of the enzymatic processes governing their production has remained challenging. Here we reconstitute the complete catecholamine biosynthetic pathway from phenylalanine to adrenaline in vitro using purified enzymes and cofactors, and couple this system with nanopore-based single-molecule sensing. By integrating two orthogonal molecular recognition modalities within a single nanopore platform, we achieve highly specific detection of all metabolic intermediates and end products throughout the pathway. Real-time monitoring enables direct observation of pathway progression and regulatory perturbations at single-molecule resolution. Using this approach, we show that 6-methylisothiocyanate disrupts catecholamine biosynthesis, providing mechanistic insight into how iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) deficiency may compromise catecholamine production. Together, this integrated enzymology and label-free nanopore sensing platform enables time-resolved dissection of neurotransmitter metabolism and regulation, and offers a general framework for studying complex biochemical pathways with single-molecule resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-assembled peptide forms α-helical nanopores for ultrasensitive biomarker profiling","authors":"Varsha Shaji,&nbsp;Rajeev Jain,&nbsp;Neethu Puthumadathil,&nbsp;Kalyanashis Jana,&nbsp;Vedasmiritha T. S.,&nbsp;Ulrich Kleinekathöfer,&nbsp;Krishnananda Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Kozhinjampara R. Mahendran","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02265-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02265-3","url":null,"abstract":"α-Helical nanopores are attractive molecular sensors, yet their rational design and assembly remain challenging. Here we show that the single peptide pPorA, derived from porin PorACj, self-assembles into flexible α-helical nanopores, inserts in lipid membranes and exists in distinct small- and large-conductance states. By strategically incorporating unnatural amino acids, we engineered small- and large-diameter pores exhibiting single-channel conductances of 2.4 nS and 3.5 nS in 1 M KCl, respectively, while retaining a common octameric architecture. These nanopores enabled the detection of sugars, peptide enantiomers and intrinsically disordered disease proteins that form dynamic, heterogeneous assemblies. The large pores detected multiple α-synuclein (α-syn) variants, including a pathogenic Parkinson’s disease-associated C-terminal deletion mutant with nanomolar affinity (KD ≈ 20 nM). Selective electrostatic trapping of the α-syn N-terminus enabled charge-resolved identification of individual α-syn species within heterogeneous mixtures. The nanopores further resolved time-dependent and inhibitor-modulated α-syn aggregation pathways from monomers to toxic oligomers and fibrils. The small pores detected humanin and superoxide dismutase peptides associated with apoptosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrating tunable sensing through pore-size control. These conformationally programmable α-helical nanopores provide a versatile platform for ultrasensitive profiling of disease biomarkers. An engineered peptide self-assembles into α-helical octameric flexible nanopores with tunable diameters and conductances, enabling conformationally programmable biomolecular sensing.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1467-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-026-02265-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analytical challenge of measuring micro- and nanoplastics in human tissues.","authors":"Guia Baggi","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02258-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02258-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148830590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dipole glasses unlock the cryogenic frontier of energy storage","authors":"Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Weiwei Li","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02261-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02261-7","url":null,"abstract":"Unit-cell-level dipole frustration suppresses polar freezing, enabling efficient capacitive energy storage at liquid-helium temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1377-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryogenic energy storage enabled by dipole glass with unit-cell-level polar disorder","authors":"Yangyang Si,&nbsp;Denan Li,&nbsp;Yijie Li,&nbsp;Changsheng Chen,&nbsp;Jingxuan Li,&nbsp;Chao Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Xiong,&nbsp;Tianfu Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Liao,&nbsp;Zhongqi Ren,&nbsp;Huaicheng Yuan,&nbsp;Dong Li,&nbsp;Jing-Kai Qin,&nbsp;Cheng-Yan Xu,&nbsp;Ye Zhu,&nbsp;Yunlong Tang,&nbsp;Sujit Das,&nbsp;Jieun Kim,&nbsp;Junling Wang,&nbsp;Hao Pan,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Zhen Chen,&nbsp;Shi Liu,&nbsp;Zuhuang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41565-026-02260-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-026-02260-8","url":null,"abstract":"Cryogenic energy storage is crucial for the development of frontier nanoelectronics, including deep-space exploration (down to 90 K) and quantum computing (≤4 K). However, conventional electrochemical energy storage systems (such as secondary batteries and electrochemical capacitors) underperform at temperatures below ∼230 K due to restricted ion mobility. Although relaxor-based dielectric capacitors provide high energy efficiency (&gt;80%) above ∼200 K, the intrinsic freezing/growth of polar nanodomains (that is, nanometric regions with local electric polarization) in the extended cryogenic regime (&lt;120 K) limits their practical applications due to deteriorated polarization hysteresis losses. Here we overcome this detrimental effect by engineering a unit-cell disordered dipole-glass state near the antiferroelectric–paraelectric phase boundary. The antiferroelectric-derived dipole glass introduces enhanced unit-cell-level complexity in dipole interactions, thereby suppressing long-range ferroelectric order. This nanoengineering approach enables very low polarization hysteresis operation (with an efficiency &gt;88%) down to 4 K, delivering an energy density of 211 J cm−3 at 9 MV cm−1, stability over 108 charge/discharge cycles and microsecond-scale charge/discharge capability. This work introduces a dipole-glass paradigm that enables control of polar disorder at the unit-cell level, providing insights into the technology development of highly efficient energy storage systems with broad applications. A dipole glass with unit-cell-scale polar disorder, nanoengineered near the antiferroelectric–paraelectric phase boundary, enables dielectric energy storage with high energy density and efficiency from 300 K to 4 K, addressing a key limitation of relaxor ferroelectrics at cryogenic temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"21 10","pages":"1421-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":37.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}