Nature最新文献

{"title":"Origin story.","authors":"Alex Shvartsman","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01077-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01077-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I'm burnt out and leaving academia. How do I finish my PhD?","authors":"Nikki Forrester","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-00797-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-00797-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purcell-enhanced spin-phonon coupling with a single colour centre.","authors":"Graham Joe, Michael Haas, Kazuhiro Kuruma, Chang Jin, Dongyeon Daniel Kang, Sophie W Ding, Cleaven Chia, Hana Warner, Benjamin Pingault, Bartholomeus Machielse, Srujan Meesala, Marko Lončar","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10495-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10495-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The radiative properties of emitters are inherently linked to their surrounding environment¹. Placing an electromagnetic resonator around emitters can enhance spontaneous emission, as shown by Purcell in the 1940s². This approach is now routinely used in quantum computing and communication to channel photons emitted by atoms into well-defined modes and control atom-photon interactions^3-9. For solid-state emitters, such as colour centres, the host lattice introduces an acoustic environment, allowing excited atoms to relax by emitting phonons^10,11. Here we observe the acoustic Purcell effect by constructing a specially engineered, microwave-frequency nanomechanical resonator around a colour-centre spin qubit in diamond. Using a co-localized optical mode of the structure that strongly couples to the excited state of the colour centre, we perform single-photon-level laser spectroscopy at millikelvin temperatures and observe a 10-fold faster spin relaxation when the spin qubit is tuned into resonance with a 12 GHz acoustic mode. Moreover, we use the colour centre as an atomic-scale probe to measure the broadband phonon spectrum of the nanostructure up to 28 GHz. Our work establishes a new regime of control for quantum defects in solids and paves the way for interconnects between atomic-scale quantum memories¹² and qubits encoded in acoustic and superconducting devices¹³.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal to ventral tegmental area dynamics drive contingency degradation.","authors":"Madelyn M Hjort, Zoe Q Garrett, Adam G Gordon, Ethan Ancell, Marta Trzeciak, Pei-Yun Lu, Michael R Bruchas, Daniela M Witten, Nicholas A Steinmetz, Garret D Stuber","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10443-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10443-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive flexibility refers to the adaptive neural processes that adjust learned behaviours as circumstances shift, supporting optimal decision-making and behavioural control. This includes the capacity to modify specific behaviours as the contingency between cues and rewards degrades. Across species^1-4, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has a well-established role in controlling contingency degradation⁵; however, the precise neural circuit mechanisms underlying this cognitive process remain unclear. To address this gap, we developed a quantitative model of cognitive flexibility that incorporates a meta-learning parameter into an established reward prediction error learning model^6,7. Our meta-reward prediction error model significantly improves accurate representation of mouse cue-evoked licking behaviour in response to degraded or enhanced cue-reward associations. Using longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging and single-cell holographic optogenetics, we found that a subset of neurons in the mPFC specifically encode the contingency degradation in a significant and causal manner. Recognizing that behavioural flexibility probably requires interactions between the mPFC and canonical reward learning circuitry, we then examined how mPFC neural signalling during contingency degradation interacts with the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-a critical hub for reward processing⁸. Our imaging and optogenetics data show that mPFC sends this signal to VTA, with most mPFC→VTA neurons reflecting this transmission, and that selective optogenetic stimulation of these ensembles accelerates contingency degradation. These findings reveal how prefrontal circuits facilitate flexibility, selectively halting learned behaviours through connections with subcortical reward networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific expansion of motor cortical projections in a singing mouse.","authors":"Emily C Isko, Clifford E Harpole, Xiaoyue Mike Zheng, Huiqing Zhan, Martin B Davis, Anthony M Zador, Arkarup Banerjee","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10458-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10458-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating how modifications in neural circuit architecture drive behavioural innovation remains a key challenge in neuroscience and evolutionary biology. In mammals, the neocortex is posited to play a crucial part in facilitating rapid behavioural innovations^1-3. Although changes in long-range connectivity have been proposed to underlie such innovations^4,5, these hypotheses remain largely untested quantitatively, which is partly due to the lack of high-throughput neuronal projection data at single-neuron resolution across species. Here we studied the Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina), which exhibits a striking vocal behaviour absent in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), to quantitatively determine species-specific changes in motor cortical projections throughout the brain. We used bulk tracing, serial two-photon tomography and high-throughput DNA sequencing of more than 76,000 barcoded neurons to discover a specific and substantial expansion of orofacial motor cortical projections to an auditory cortical region and the midbrain periaqueductal grey, regions that are implicated in vocal behaviours^6-9. Moreover, analyses of projection motifs of individual orofacial motor cortical neurons revealed preferential expansion of exclusive projections to the auditory cortical region in the singing mouse. Our results suggest that selective expansion of ancestral motor cortical projections may lead to behavioural divergence over short timescales. Furthermore, the results facilitate mechanistic investigations of enhanced cortical control over vocalizations-a crucial preadaptation for human language^10,11. This approach of comparing recently diverged species with substantial behavioural divergences can be readily generalized across other model clades to discover quantitative rules of neural circuit evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steric hindrance of antibody binding in an Omicron spike fusion intermediate.","authors":"Zhiheng Bao, Zhimin Liu, Zhaoyong Zhang, Xuanjia Wang, Xiaohui Jin, Jiaxiu Bai, Hanwen Ma, Yaxin Li, Chunyan Yi, Zhiyang Ling, Zhong Huang, Lu Zhang, Zhenguo Chen, Youhua Xie, Yanqun Wang, Lei Sun, Xiaoyu Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10462-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10462-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding conformational changes of the coronavirus spike protein is critical for developing broad-spectrum therapies. The pan-coronavirus epitope spike residues 815-825 (centred on the S2' site) are buried in the prefusion spike but are transiently exposed upon ACE2 binding^1,2. Here, using integrated functional and structural analyses, we demonstrate that 76E1, an antibody targeting spike residues 815-825, specifically recognizes an open early fusion intermediate conformation in which this epitope adopts a helical conformation, designated the S2'-helix. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants evade such antibodies via steric hindrance resulting from S2'-helix shifts and restricted S1-ACE2 distancing in the early fusion intermediate conformation, together with increased reliance on cathepsin-mediated entry that impairs 76E1 inhibition of S2' cleavage. The H655Y mutation is central to this evasion. Antibody size directly affects its access to the S2'-helix. Crucially, antibody size minimization reversed the evasion mechanisms and significantly enhanced neutralizing activity against authentic Omicron variants and other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and HCoV-229E. These findings establish small-molecule targeting of the S2'-helix as a strategy for pan-coronavirus therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Multidimensional profiling of heterogeneity in supratentorial ependymomas.","authors":"Daeun Jeong, Sara G Danielli, Kendra K Maaß, David R Ghasemi, Svenja K Tetzlaff, Ekin Reyhan, Li Jiang, Shashank Katiyar, Julia K Sundheimer, Costanza Lo Cascio, Sina Neyazi, Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi-Junior, Elsa Couvillon, Sophia Castellani, Maria Pazyra-Murphy, Matthew Mullally, Marc Philipp Dehler, Bernhard Englinger, Andrezza Nascimento, Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro, Joana G Marques, Rebecca D Haase, Cuong M Nguyen, Alicia-Christina Baumgartner, Jacob S Rozowsky, Olivia A Hack, McKenzie L Shaw, Daniela Lotsch-Gojo, Katharina Bruckner, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M Pfister, Marcel Kool, Tomasz J Nowakowski, Johannes Gojo, Lissa Baird, Sanda Alexandrescu, Kristian W Pajtler, Varun Venkataramani, Mariella G Filbin","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10602-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10602-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In twisted graphene, some electrons are heavier than others","authors":"Hongyun Zhang,&nbsp;\u0000 Shuyun Zhou","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01154-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-026-01154-y","url":null,"abstract":"When two graphene layers are twisted at a ‘magic angle’, their electrons can behave as both heavy and light particles, depending on momentum. When two graphene layers are twisted at a ‘magic angle’, their electrons can behave as both heavy and light particles, depending on momentum.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"653 8113","pages":"31-32"},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the human proteome with microproteins and peptideins.","authors":"Eric W Deutsch, Leron W Kok, Jonathan M Mudge, Cristian F Valls, Irwin Jungreis, Jorge Ruiz-Orera, Zhi Sun, Ulrike Kusebauch, Ivo Fierro-Monti, Jennifer G Abelin, M Mar Alba, Julie L Aspden, Sreejan Bandyopadhyay, Kaushik Banerjee, Pavel V Baranov, Ariel A Bazzini, Francis Bourassa, Elspeth A Bruford, Lorenzo Calviello, Steven A Carr, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis, Sonia Chothani, Jim Clauwaert, Kellie Dean, Pouya Faridi, Adam Frankish, Amy Goodale, Thomas Green, Norbert Hubner, Nicholas T Ingolia, Manolis Kellis, Michele Magrane, Maria Jesus Martin, Thomas F Martinez, Gerben Menschaert, Uwe Ohler, Sandra Orchard, Alisa Potter, Owen J L Rackham, Matthew G Rees, David E Root, Jennifer A Roth, Xavier Roucou, Fernando J Sialana, Sarah A Slavoff, Michał I Świrski, Jack A S Tierney, Félix-Antoine Trifiro, Eivind Valen, Valeriia Vasylieva, Aaron Wacholder, Shengbo Wang, Li Wang, Jonathan S Weissman, Wei Wu, Zhi Xie, Jyoti S Choudhary, Michal Bassani-Sternberg, Juan Antonio Vizcaíno, Nicola Ternette, Marie A Brunet, Robert L Moritz, John R Prensner, Sebastiaan van Heesch","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10459-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-10459-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major scientific drive is to characterize the protein-coding genome, which is a primary basis for studying human health. But the fundamental question remains of what has been missed in previous analyses. Over the past decade, the translation of non-canonical open reading frames (ncORFs) has been observed across human cell types and disease states^1-3, with major implications for biomedical science. However, a key gap in knowledge has been which ncORFs produce small microproteins or alternative protein molecules that contribute to the human proteome. Here we report the collaborative efforts of the TransCODE Consortium⁴ to produce a consensus landscape of protein-level evidence for ncORFs. We show that about 25% of a set of 7,264 ncORFs gives rise to detectable peptides in a large-scale analysis of 95,520 proteomics experiments. We develop an annotation framework for ncORF-encoded microproteins as human proteins and codify the new conceptual model of 'peptideins' as microproteins that have indeterminate potential as functional proteins. To probe the biological implications of peptideins, we create an evolutionary analysis approach, termed ORF relative branch length (ORBL), and determine that evolutionary constraint is common and associates with observation of ncORF-derived peptides. We then characterize a pan-essential cellular phenotype for one peptidein from the OLMALINC long non-coding RNA. Overall, we generate public research tools supported by GENCODE and PeptideAtlas and advance biomedical discovery for understudied components of the human proteome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging the flat bands of magic-angle graphene reshaped by interactions","authors":"J. Xiao,&nbsp;A. Inbar,&nbsp;J. Birkbeck,&nbsp;N. Gershon,&nbsp;Y. Zamir,&nbsp;Y. Vituri,&nbsp;T. Taniguchi,&nbsp;K. Watanabe,&nbsp;E. Berg,&nbsp;S. Ilani","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10378-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-10378-x","url":null,"abstract":"Electron interactions in quantum materials fundamentally shape their energy bands and, with them, the material’s most intriguing quantum phases. Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG)1–3 has emerged as a model system in which flat bands lead to a variety of such phases, yet the precise nature of these bands has remained elusive owing to the lack of high-resolution momentum-space probes. Here we use the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to directly image the interacting energy bands of MATBG with unprecedented momentum and energy resolution. Away from the magic angle, the observed bands closely follow the single-particle theory. At the magic angle, however, we observe bands that are completely transformed by interactions, exhibiting light and heavy electronic character at different parts of momentum space. On doping, the interplay between these light and heavy components leads to a variety of notable phenomena, including interaction-induced bandwidth renormalization, Mott-like cascades of the heavy particles and Dirac revivals of the light particles. We also uncover a persistent low-energy excitation tied to the heavy sector, suggesting a new unaccounted degree of freedom. These results resolve the long-standing puzzle in MATBG—the dual nature of its electrons—by showing that it originates from electrons at different momenta within the same topological heavy-fermion-like flat bands. More broadly, our results establish the QTM as a powerful tool for high-resolution spectroscopic studies of quantum materials previously inaccessible to conventional techniques. Quantum twisting microscopy is used to directly image the interacting energy bands of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, allowing characterization of the dual nature of its electrons at the magic angle.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"653 8113","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10378-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}