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Bacteria found on a space rock turn out to be Earth-grown 太空岩石上发现的细菌原来是在地球上生长的

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03806-3

引用次数: 0

Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple radical sorting 用于对映选择性三自由基分选的协同光生物催化作用

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08399-5

Zhongqiu Xing, Fulu Liu, Jianqiang Feng, Lu Yu, Zhouping Wu, Beibei Zhao, Bin Chen, Heng Ping, Yuanyuan Xu, Aokun Liu, Yue Zhao, Chuanyong Wang, Binju Wang, Xiaoqiang Huang

{"title":"Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple radical sorting","authors":"Zhongqiu Xing, Fulu Liu, Jianqiang Feng, Lu Yu, Zhouping Wu, Beibei Zhao, Bin Chen, Heng Ping, Yuanyuan Xu, Aokun Liu, Yue Zhao, Chuanyong Wang, Binju Wang, Xiaoqiang Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08399-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08399-5","url":null,"abstract":"Multicomponent reactions – those where three or more substrates combine into a product – have been highly useful in rapidly building chemical building blocks of increased complexity4, but achieving this enzymatically has remained rare.5 This limitation primarily arises because an enzyme’s active site is not typically set up to address multiple substrates, especially in cases involving multiple radical intermediates6. Recently, chemical catalytic radical sorting has emerged as an enabling strategy for a variety of useful reactions7,8. However, making such processes enantioselective is highly challenging due to the inherent difficulty in the stereochemical control of radicals9. Here, we repurpose a thiamine-dependent enzyme10,11 through directed evolution, combine it with photoredox catalysis, to achieve a photobiocatalytic enantioselective three-component radical cross-coupling. This approach combines three readily available starting materials — aldehydes, α-bromo-carbonyls and alkenes — to give access to enantioenriched ketone products. Mechanistic investigations provide insights into how this dual photo-/enzyme system precisely directs the three distinct radicals involved in the transformation, unlocking new enzyme reactivity. Our approach has achieved exceptional stereoselectivity, with 25 out of 33 examples achieving ≥97% enantiomeric excess.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI could pose pandemic-scale biosecurity risks. Here’s how to make it safer 人工智能可能带来大规模的生物安全风险。如何让它更安全

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03815-2

Jaspreet Pannu, Sarah Gebauer, Greg McKelvey Jr, Anita Cicero, Tom Inglesby

引用次数: 0

Next-generation snakebite therapies could reduce death toll 新一代蛇咬伤疗法可减少死亡人数

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03818-z

引用次数: 0

New schizophrenia drug could treat Alzheimer’s disease 新型精神分裂症药物可治疗阿尔茨海默病

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03707-5

引用次数: 0

I had three children during my PhD: here’s what I learnt 在攻读博士期间，我有了三个孩子：以下是我的心得体会

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03823-2

引用次数: 0

Trion sensing of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid 零场复合费米液体的三电离传感

IF 50.5 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08134-0

Eric Anderson, Jiaqi Cai, Aidan P. Reddy, Heonjoon Park, William Holtzmann, Kai Davis, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Tomasz Smolenski, Ataç Imamoğlu, Ting Cao, Di Xiao, Liang Fu, Wang Yao, Xiaodong Xu

{"title":"Trion sensing of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid","authors":"Eric Anderson, Jiaqi Cai, Aidan P. Reddy, Heonjoon Park, William Holtzmann, Kai Davis, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Tomasz Smolenski, Ataç Imamoğlu, Ting Cao, Di Xiao, Liang Fu, Wang Yao, Xiaodong Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08134-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-08134-0","url":null,"abstract":"The half-filled lowest Landau level is a fascinating platform for researching interacting topological phases. A celebrated example is the composite Fermi liquid, a non-Fermi liquid formed by composite fermions in strong magnetic fields1–10. Its zero-field counterpart is predicted in a twisted MoTe2 bilayer (tMoTe2)11,12—a recently discovered fractional Chern insulator exhibiting the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect13–16. Although transport measurements at ν = −1/2 show signatures consistent with a zero-field composite Fermi liquid14, new probes are crucial to investigate the state and its elementary excitations. Here, by using the unique valley properties of tMoTe2, we report optical signatures of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid. We measured the degree of circular polarization (ρ) of trion photoluminescence versus hole doping and electric field. We found that, within the phase space showing robust ferromagnetism, ρ is near unity for Fermi liquid states. However, ρ is quenched at both integer and fractional Chern insulators, and in a hole doping range near ν = −1/2. Temperature, optical excitation power and electric-field-dependence measurements demonstrate that the quenching of ρ is a direct consequence of an energy gap (pseudogap) for electronic excitations of the Chern insulators (composite Fermi liquid): because the local spin-polarized excitations necessary to form trions are strongly suppressed, trion formation at the corresponding filling factors relies on optically generated unpolarized itinerant holes. Our work highlights a new excitonic probe of zero-field fractional Chern insulator physics, unique to tMoTe2. Using the unique valley properties of a twisted MoTe2 bilayer, measurements of the degree of circular polarization of trion photoluminescence reveal optical signatures of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"635 8039","pages":"590-595"},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational technologies of the Human Cell Atlas 人类细胞图谱的计算技术

IF 50.5 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03762-y

Amber Dance

引用次数: 0

Exaptation of ancestral cell-identity networks enables C4 photosynthesis 祖先细胞身份网络的汰换实现了 C4 光合作用

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08204-3

Joseph Swift, Leonie H. Luginbuehl, Lei Hua, Tina B. Schreier, Ruth M. Donald, Susan Stanley, Na Wang, Travis A. Lee, Joseph R. Nery, Joseph R. Ecker, Julian M. Hibberd

{"title":"Exaptation of ancestral cell-identity networks enables C4 photosynthesis","authors":"Joseph Swift, Leonie H. Luginbuehl, Lei Hua, Tina B. Schreier, Ruth M. Donald, Susan Stanley, Na Wang, Travis A. Lee, Joseph R. Nery, Joseph R. Ecker, Julian M. Hibberd","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08204-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08204-3","url":null,"abstract":"C4 photosynthesis is used by the most productive plants on the planet, and compared with the ancestral C3 pathway, it confers a 50% increase in efficiency1. In more than 60 C4 lineages, CO2 fixation is compartmentalized between tissues, and bundle-sheath cells become photosynthetically activated2. How the bundle sheath acquires this alternate identity that allows efficient photosynthesis is unclear. Here we show that changes to bundle-sheath gene expression in C4 leaves are associated with the gain of a pre-existing cis-code found in the C3 leaf. From single-nucleus gene-expression and chromatin-accessibility atlases, we uncover DNA binding with one finger (DOF) motifs that define bundle-sheath identity in the major crops C3 rice and C4 sorghum. Photosynthesis genes that are rewired to be strongly expressed in the bundle-sheath cells of C4 sorghum acquire cis-elements that are recognized by DOFs. Our findings are consistent with a simple model in which C4 photosynthesis is based on the recruitment of an ancestral cis-code associated with bundle-sheath identity. Gain of such elements harnessed a stable patterning of transcription factors between cell types that are found in both C3 and C4 leaves to activate photosynthesis in the bundle sheath. Our findings provide molecular insights into the evolution of the complex C4 pathway, and might also guide the rational engineering of C4 photosynthesis in C3 crops to improve crop productivity and resilience3,4.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in Drosophila 果蝇的社会状态通过三种回路机制改变视觉

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08255-6

Catherine E. Schretter, Tom Hindmarsh Sten, Nathan Klapoetke, Mei Shao, Aljoscha Nern, Marisa Dreher, Daniel Bushey, Alice A. Robie, Adam L. Taylor, Kristin Branson, Adriane Otopalik, Vanessa Ruta, Gerald M. Rubin

{"title":"Social state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in Drosophila","authors":"Catherine E. Schretter, Tom Hindmarsh Sten, Nathan Klapoetke, Mei Shao, Aljoscha Nern, Marisa Dreher, Daniel Bushey, Alice A. Robie, Adam L. Taylor, Kristin Branson, Adriane Otopalik, Vanessa Ruta, Gerald M. Rubin","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08255-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08255-6","url":null,"abstract":"Animals are often bombarded with visual information and must prioritize specific visual features based on their current needs. The neuronal circuits that detect and relay visual features have been well studied1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Much less is known about how an animal adjusts its visual attention as its goals or environmental conditions change. During social behaviours, flies need to focus on nearby flies9,10,11. Here we study how the flow of visual information is altered when female Drosophila enter an aggressive state. From the connectome, we identify three state-dependent circuit motifs poised to modify the response of an aggressive female to fly-sized visual objects: convergence of excitatory inputs from neurons conveying select visual features and internal state; dendritic disinhibition of select visual feature detectors; and a switch that toggles between two visual feature detectors. Using cell-type-specific genetic tools, together with behavioural and neurophysiological analyses, we show that each of these circuit motifs is used during female aggression. We reveal that features of this same switch operate in male Drosophila during courtship pursuit, suggesting that disparate social behaviours may share circuit mechanisms. Our study provides a compelling example of using the connectome to infer circuit mechanisms that underlie dynamic processing of sensory signals.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0