Nature最新文献

{"title":"Why AI chatbots that follow human laws are hard to build.","authors":"Mohana Basu","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01405-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-026-01405-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is no vaccine for deadly hantavirus: what that means for future outbreaks.","authors":"Mohana Basu","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01494-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-026-01494-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree community resource economics control soil food web multifunctionality.","authors":"Ludovic Henneron, David A Wardle, Matty P Berg, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Jürgen Bauhus, François Buscot, Sylvain Coq, Thibaud Decaëns, Nathalie Fromin, Pierre Ganault, Lauren M Gillespie, Kezia Goldmann, Radim Matula, Alexandru Milcu, Bart Muys, Johanne Nahmani, Luis Daniel Prada-Salcedo, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Kris Verheyen, Janna Wambsganss, Paul Kardol","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10455-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10455-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants affect terrestrial ecosystem functioning by shaping microenvironments¹ and by providing the primary production that fuels energy flow into food webs². However, how plant community properties affect ecosystem functioning via energy fluxes in food webs has been little studied^3,4, especially for the soil food webs that channel most plant-derived energy^2,5. Applying a food web energetics approach^6,7, we show that the resource economics of dominant tree species control soil food web multifunctionality across European forests. Tree communities dominated by resource-acquisitive species promoted faster rates of multiple soil trophic functions than did communities dominated by resource-conservative species. These effects were primarily driven by higher-quality litter and warmer forest microclimates, leading to increased metabolic activity of soil organisms⁸. Accordingly, tree species composition explained a large portion of variation in soil food web multifunctionality, comparable to that explained by biogeographic differences among locations. By contrast, mixtures of three tree species had weakly negative effects relative to single-species stands, mostly due to shifts in energy channelling from living fine roots to litter and a cooling effect on forest microclimate. This occurred despite an overyielding effect in aboveground tree biomass production, suggesting contrasting diversity effects above- and belowground. Our findings emphasize the importance of plant functional traits related to resource economics as drivers of soil food web functioning^5,9 and demonstrate how climate-driven shifts in tree community composition may alter forest soil functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two decades of PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality in cancer","authors":"Christopher J. Lord,&nbsp;Andrew N. J. Tutt,&nbsp;Alan Ashworth","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10404-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-10404-y","url":null,"abstract":"Two decades ago, two papers in Nature described how PARP inhibitors selectively killed cells deficient in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 tumour suppressor genes, observations that led to the first clinically approved treatment of a cancer with a targeted therapy selected based on a germline biomarker. This work was recognized by Nature as one of the top 20 discoveries in cancer in the twenty-first century and provides a compelling example of leveraging fundamental biology discovery for patient benefit. For people with specific forms of breast, ovarian, prostate or pancreatic cancer, these discoveries changed their care, enabling the use of more effective and better tolerated targeted therapies that both improve survival and quality of life. This in turn extended the role of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing from determining risk in the unaffected, to being a companion diagnostic biomarker used to determine therapy for a patient with cancer. The significance of these discoveries spread beyond BRCA1-mutant and BRCA2-mutant cancers: the synthetic lethal concept of the BRCA–PARP inhibitor effect highlighted the myriad levels of functional redundancy that exist in tumour cells and stimulated the search for other tumour-specific synthetic lethal effects that could be exploited therapeutically. Here we distill the learnings from the past two decades in this field. The past two decades of PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality in cancer is explored.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"653 8113","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting temporal stability and resilience from resistance and recovery.","authors":"Forest Isbell, Akira S Mori, Michel Loreau, Peter B Reich, David Tilman, Maggie I Anderson, Caroline Brophy, Karen Castillioni, Qingqing Chen, Amber C Churchill, Adam T Clark, Dylan Craven, Nico Eisenhauer, Hanan C Farah, Lau A Gherardi, Yann Hautier, Miao He, Jin-Sheng He, Andy Hector, Sydney Hedberg, Sarah E Hobbie, Pubin Hong, Guopeng Liang, Maowei Liang, Shan Luo, Neha Mohanbabu, Shahid Naeem, Pascal A Niklaus, Xiaobin Pan, Cristy Portales-Reyes, Bernhard Schmid, Harry E R Shepherd, Steph Varghese, Michiel P Veldhuis, Shaopeng Wang, Carmen R E Watkins, Qianna Xu, Liting Zheng, Chad R Zirbel","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10498-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10498-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stability can be desirable for many natural and social systems. Temporal stability, the invariability of a system over time, can be enhanced by resisting displacement during perturbations, accelerating recovery after them, or both^1-4. Likewise, resilience (sensu proximity to unperturbed levels after a perturbation^5-10) also has components of withstanding (resistance) and recovering after perturbations^11,12. Here we develop and test new predictions for how temporal stability and resilience depend on their resistance and recovery components. We find that temporal stability could often be predicted from resistance, even without information about how quickly the system recovers. By contrast, resilience is predicted to depend at least as much on recovery as on resistance, as in earlier theory^11,12. Using plant productivity data from the world's longest-running biodiversity experiment, we find that long-term temporal stability, quantified over a quarter century at the ecosystem or species level, is predicted with moderate accuracy from single-year estimates of resistance alone, with only slight improvement by also considering recovery. Resilience was predicted with moderate accuracy by a combination of resistance and recovery at the ecosystem level. We also find that ecosystem drought resistance can be forecasted by monitoring temporal stability before the drought. Our results reveal that long-term temporal stability and short-term resistance may often be predicted from one another and clarify how resistance and recovery can be leveraged to enhance the stability of both natural and managed systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male sex hormone loss aids brain tumour growth.","authors":"Frederick S Varn","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01159-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01159-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic plasmas open a route to extreme optical fields.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01311-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01311-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocaloric effects across room temperature in multilayer capacitors.","authors":"M Guo, V Farenkov, X Chen, A Mohanathan, A Z K Goh, Y Tang, J Zhang, M Vickers, S M Fairclough, C Ducati, X Moya, S Hirose, N D Mathur","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10492-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10492-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing number of cooling devices^1-4 exploit large electrocaloric effects associated with a supercritically driven first-order ferroelectric phase transition in multilayer capacitors of PbSc_0.5Ta_0.5O₃ (PST)⁵. However, these multilayer capacitors only operate above the room-temperature Curie temperature and require an energetically expensive 42-day anneal for high B-site order to maximize latent heat. Here we show that exaggerating valence mismatch through dilution with PbMg_0.5W_0.5O₃ (PMW) maintains high B-site order and latent heat with no anneal, while disrupting dipolar order to reduce the Curie temperature as low as 230 K. Our multilayer capacitors of PST-PMW show supercritical electrocaloric effects of about 3 K across and well below room temperature owing to 17.1 V μm^-1 fields we apply >10⁷ times without breakdown. Using our multilayer capacitors in an ideal fluid regenerator and assuming work recovery yields cycle efficiencies of 70-90%. Taken together, our findings imply that multilayer capacitors of PST-PMW should now replace multilayer capacitors of PST in electrocaloric prototypes to permit electrocaloric refrigeration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deforestation-induced drying lowers Amazon climate threshold.","authors":"Nico Wunderling, Boris Sakschewski, Johan Rockström, Bernardo M Flores, Marina Hirota, Arie Staal","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10456-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10456-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanity is putting unprecedented pressures on the Amazon forest system through global warming and land use changes^1,2. As the Amazon forest may undergo self-reinforcing transitions, these pressures could lead to system-wide changes across major parts of Amazonian ecosystems^1-4. Here we apply a dynamical systems model to assess the local and far-reaching cascading transition risks towards degraded ecosystems in the Amazon biome under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For these emission scenarios, we constructed how moisture is transported through the atmosphere within the Amazon basin using an established atmospheric moisture-tracking model⁵. Without accounting for deforestation, we find a critical global warming threshold of 3.7-4.0 °C, beyond which up to a third of the Amazon forest risks losing stability. However, when considering deforestation, we find a near system-wide transition of the Amazon forest (62-77% of the area) under the combination of a lower threshold range of global warming of 1.5-1.9 °C and deforestation of 22-28%. The large majority of the simulated transitions is caused by spatial knock-on effects from increasing drought intensities, leading to long-ranging and self-propelling cascades on scales of hundreds to thousands of kilometres. Overall, our results reinforce the need to keep global warming levels below 1.5 °C and halt deforestation, as well as ecologically restore degraded forests to avoid high transition risks across the Amazon forest system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explore a stunningly detailed map of the Universe in April's best science images.","authors":"Miryam Naddaf, Davide Castelvecchi","doi":"10.1038/d41586-026-01244-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-01244-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}