IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-02681-w

Jasmine Gabriel Hughes

引用次数: 0

Daily briefing: Chemistry Nobel for 'super sponge' MOFs. 每日简报：“超级海绵”mof获化学诺贝尔奖。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-03320-0

Flora Graham

引用次数: 0

Clues to why the weight-loss condition cachexia arises when cancer occurs. 当癌症发生时，为什么会出现减肥恶病质的线索。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-02594-8

Kerstin Haase,Mariam Jamal-Hanjani

引用次数: 0

A quantum boost for ultra-precise clocks. 超精密时钟的量子提升。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-03235-w

引用次数: 0

Distorted representations of age and gender are reflected in AI models. 人工智能模型反映了年龄和性别的扭曲表示。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-02974-0

Ana Macanovic

引用次数: 0

A parabrachial hub for need-state control of enduring pain. 一个控制疼痛需要状态的臂旁中枢。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09602-x

Nitsan Goldstein,Amadeus Maes,Heather N Allen,Tyler S Nelson,Kayla A Kruger,Morgan Kindel,Albert T M Yeung,Nicholas K Smith,Jamie R E Carty,Lavinia Boccia,Niklas Blank,Emily Lo,Rachael E Villari,Ella Cho,Erin L Marble,Michelle Awh,Yasmina Dumiaty,Melissa J Chee,Rajesh Khanna,Christoph A Thaiss,Bradley K Taylor,Ann Kennedy,J Nicholas Betley

{"title":"A parabrachial hub for need-state control of enduring pain.","authors":"Nitsan Goldstein,Amadeus Maes,Heather N Allen,Tyler S Nelson,Kayla A Kruger,Morgan Kindel,Albert T M Yeung,Nicholas K Smith,Jamie R E Carty,Lavinia Boccia,Niklas Blank,Emily Lo,Rachael E Villari,Ella Cho,Erin L Marble,Michelle Awh,Yasmina Dumiaty,Melissa J Chee,Rajesh Khanna,Christoph A Thaiss,Bradley K Taylor,Ann Kennedy,J Nicholas Betley","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09602-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09602-x","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term sustained pain following acute physical injury is a prominent feature of chronic pain conditions1. Populations of neurons that rapidly respond to noxious stimuli or tissue damage have been identified in the spinal cord and several nuclei in the brain2-4. Understanding the central mechanisms that signal ongoing sustained pain, including after tissue healing, remains a challenge5. Here we use spatial transcriptomics, neural manipulations, activity recordings and computational modelling to demonstrate that activity in an ensemble of anatomically and molecularly diverse parabrachial neurons that express the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor Y1 (Y1R neurons) is increased following injury and predicts functional coping behaviour. Hunger, thirst or predator cues suppressed sustained pain, regardless of the injury type, by inhibiting parabrachial Y1R neurons via the release of NPY. Together, our results demonstrate an endogenous analgesic hub at pain-responsive parabrachial Y1R neurons.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmable on-chip nonlinear photonics. 可编程片上非线性光子学。

IF 48.5 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09620-9

Ryotatsu Yanagimoto, Benjamin A Ash, Mandar M Sohoni, Martin M Stein, Yiqi Zhao, Federico Presutti, Marc Jankowski, Logan G Wright, Tatsuhiro Onodera, Peter L McMahon

{"title":"Programmable on-chip nonlinear photonics.","authors":"Ryotatsu Yanagimoto, Benjamin A Ash, Mandar M Sohoni, Martin M Stein, Yiqi Zhao, Federico Presutti, Marc Jankowski, Logan G Wright, Tatsuhiro Onodera, Peter L McMahon","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09620-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09620-9","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optics1 plays a central role in many photonic technologies, both classical2-5 and quantum6-8. However, the function of a nonlinear-optical device is typically determined during design and fixed during fabrication9, restricting the use of nonlinear optics to scenarios in which this inflexibility is tolerable. Here we present a photonic device with highly programmable nonlinear functionality: an optical slab waveguide with an arbitrarily reconfigurable two-dimensional distribution of χ(2) nonlinearity. The nonlinearity is realized using electric-field-induced χ(2) (refs. 10-16), and the programmability is engineered by massively parallel control of the electric-field distribution within the device using a photoconductive layer and optical programming with a spatial light pattern. To showcase the versatility of our device, we demonstrate spectral, spatial and spatio-spectral engineering of second-harmonic generation by tailoring arbitrary quasi-phase-matching grating structures1 in two dimensions. The programmability of the device makes it possible to perform inverse design of grating structures in situ, as well as real-time feedback to compensate for fluctuations in operating and environmental conditions. Our work shows that we can break from the conventional one-device-one-function paradigm, potentially expanding the applications of nonlinear optics to situations in which fast device reconfigurability is desirable-such as in programmable optical quantum gates and quantum light sources7,17-19, all-optical signal processing20, optical computation21 and adaptive structured light for sensing22-24.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

KCTD10 is a sensor for co-directional transcription-replication conflicts. KCTD10是一个共向转录-复制冲突的传感器。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09585-9

Jake A Kloeber,Bin Chen,Guangchao Sun,Charles S King,Zhiquan Wang,Li Wang,Zheming Wu,Shouhai Zhu,Fei Zhao,Hongran Qin,Yaobin Ouyang,Huaping Xiao,Xinyi Tu,Jing Lu,Yanxia Jiang,Kuntian Luo,Ping Yin,Xinyan Wu,Robert W Mutter,Jinzhou Huang,Zhenkun Lou

{"title":"KCTD10 is a sensor for co-directional transcription-replication conflicts.","authors":"Jake A Kloeber,Bin Chen,Guangchao Sun,Charles S King,Zhiquan Wang,Li Wang,Zheming Wu,Shouhai Zhu,Fei Zhao,Hongran Qin,Yaobin Ouyang,Huaping Xiao,Xinyi Tu,Jing Lu,Yanxia Jiang,Kuntian Luo,Ping Yin,Xinyan Wu,Robert W Mutter,Jinzhou Huang,Zhenkun Lou","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09585-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09585-9","url":null,"abstract":"During DNA replication, the replisome must remove barriers and roadblocks including the transcription machinery1,2. Transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs) occur when there are collisions between the replisome and transcription machinery, and are increasingly recognized as an important source of mammalian genome instability3. How cells facilitate replisome bypass at sites of TRCs is incompletely understood. Here we show that the CUL3-KCTD10 E3 ligase senses TRCs and promotes remodelling of the RNA polymerase complex to allow replisome bypass. We found that the substrate adaptor KCTD10 interacts with the replisome and the transcription machinery and regulates both in unstressed conditions. These bivalent interactions allow KCTD10 to detect co-directional TRCs and facilitate higher-order assembly of KCTD10 complexes that recruit CUL3 to induce the ubiquitination and removal of the RNA polymerase factor TCEA2. In the absence of KCTD10, there is increased retention of TCEA2 and the RNA polymerase complex, causing an accumulation of TRCs and increased DNA damage. Our results demonstrate how replication can proceed through transcriptionally active regions, utilizing a unique bridging function of the CUL3-KCTD10 complex. These findings provide a framework for how the coordination between transcription and replication may contribute to the maintenance of genome stability.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age and gender distortion in online media and large language models. 网络媒体中的年龄和性别扭曲与大型语言模式。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09581-z

Douglas Guilbeault,Solène Delecourt,Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan

{"title":"Age and gender distortion in online media and large language models.","authors":"Douglas Guilbeault,Solène Delecourt,Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09581-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09581-z","url":null,"abstract":"Are widespread stereotypes accurate1-3 or socially distorted4-6? This continuing debate is limited by the lack of large-scale multimodal data on stereotypical associations and the inability to compare these to ground truth indicators. Here we overcame these challenges in the analysis of age-related gender bias7-9, for which age provides an objective anchor for evaluating stereotype accuracy. Despite there being no systematic age differences between women and men in the workforce according to the US Census, we found that women are represented as younger than men across occupations and social roles in nearly 1.4 million images and videos from Google, Wikipedia, IMDb, Flickr and YouTube, as well as in nine language models trained on billions of words from the internet. This age gap is the starkest for content depicting occupations with higher status and earnings. We demonstrate how mainstream algorithms amplify this bias. A nationally representative pre-registered experiment (n = 459) found that Googling images of occupations amplifies age-related gender bias in participants' beliefs and hiring preferences. Furthermore, when generating and evaluating resumes, ChatGPT assumes that women are younger and less experienced, rating older male applicants as of higher quality. Our study shows how gender and age are jointly distorted throughout the internet and its mediating algorithms, thereby revealing critical challenges and opportunities in the fight against inequality.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain area linked to chronic pain discovered - offering hope for treatments. 发现与慢性疼痛有关的大脑区域，为治疗带来希望。

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-03272-5

Lynne Peeples

引用次数: 0

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