Nature最新文献

{"title":"Is a monster web of ocean currents headed for collapse? The race is on to find out","authors":"Tim Kalvelage","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01885-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-025-01885-4","url":null,"abstract":"Research ships rarely brave the Greenland Sea in winter. Early this year, scientists ventured into the ice-covered waters to capture crucial data about the planet’s future. Research ships rarely brave the Greenland Sea in winter. Early this year, scientists ventured into the ice-covered waters to capture crucial data about the planet’s future.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"642 8068","pages":"558-562"},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01885-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the effects of fault alignment on slip stability","authors":"Yuri Fialko, Yoshihiro Kaneko","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09117-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-025-09117-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"642 8068","pages":"E19-E21"},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical nonlinearities in excess of 500 through sublattice reconstruction","authors":"Jiaye Chen, Chang Liu, Shibo Xi, Shengdong Tan, Qian He, Liangliang Liang, Xiaogang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09164-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09164-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability of materials to respond to stimuli with significant optical nonlinearity is crucial for technological advancement and innovation^1,2,3. Although photon-avalanche upconversion nanomaterials with nonlinearities exceeding 60 have been developed, further enhancement remains challenging^4,5,6. Here we present a method to increase photon-avalanche nonlinearity beyond 500 by reconstructing the sublattice and extending the avalanche network. We demonstrate that lutetium substitution in the host material induces significant local crystal field distortions. These distortions strengthen cross-relaxation, the key process governing population accumulation. As a result, the optical nonlinearity is significantly amplified, enabling sub-diffraction imaging through single-beam scanning microscopy, achieving lateral and axial resolutions of 33 nm (about 1/32 of <i>λ</i>_Exc) and 80 nm (around 1/13 of <i>λ</i>_Exc), respectively (where <i>λ</i>_Exc is the excitation wavelength). Moreover, our research shows regional differentiation within photon-avalanche nanocrystals, in which photon-avalanche performance varies across different regions at the single-nanoparticle level. This effect, coupled with extreme optical nonlinearity, enables visualization of nanoemitters at resolutions beyond their physical size using simple instrumentation. These advancements open new possibilities for super-resolution imaging, ultra-sensitive sensing, on-chip optical switching and infrared quantum counting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homo sapiens adapted to diverse habitats before successfully populating Eurasia","authors":"William E. Banks","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01710-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01710-y","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological modelling reveals that the range of habitats humans occupied in Africa increased before our species established a lasting presence outside the continent.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily briefing: The most-energetic molecule ever made","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01948-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01948-6","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists have identified only the second known stable nitrogen molecule: hexanitrogen. Plus, much of the hunting driving pangolins to extinction in Nigeria is for food, not scales and an emergency check-up for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for climate-resilient global wind and solar power systems","authors":"Dongsheng Zheng, Xizhe Yan, Dan Tong, Steven J. Davis, Ken Caldeira, Yuanyuan Lin, Yaqin Guo, Jingyun Li, Peng Wang, Liying Ping, Shijie Feng, Yang Liu, Jing Cheng, Deliang Chen, Kebin He, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09266-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09266-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change may amplify the frequency and severity of supply-demand mismatches in future power systems with high shares of wind and solar energy^1,2. Here, we use a dispatch optimization model to assess potential increases in hourly costs associated with such climate-intensified gaps under fixed, high penetrations of wind and solar generation. We further explore various strategies to enhance system resilience in the face of future climate change. We find that extreme periods—defined as hours in the upper decile of hourly costs (i.e., the most-costly 10% of hours)—are likely to become more costly in the future in most countries, mainly due to the increased need for investments in flexible energy capacity. For example, under the SSP126 scenario, 47 countries that together account for approximately 43.5% of global future electricity generation are projected to experience more than a 5% increase in average hourly costs during extreme periods, with the largest reaching up to 23.7%. Promisingly, the risk of rising costs could be substantially mitigated through tailored, country-specific strategies involving the coordinated implementation of multiple measures to address supply-demand imbalances and enhance system flexibility. Our findings provide critical insights for building future climate-resilient power systems while reducing system costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"These moths use the stars to navigate on an epic migration","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01935-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-01935-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bogong moths migrate hundreds of kilometres and back each year using the southern night sky as their compass.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete computational design of high-efficiency Kemp elimination enzymes","authors":"Dina Listov, Eva Vos, Gyula Hoffka, Shlomo Yakir Hoch, Andrej Berg, Shelly Hamer-Rogotner, Orly Dym, Shina Caroline Lynn Kamerlin, Sarel J. Fleishman","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09136-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Until now, computationally designed enzymes exhibited low catalytic rates^1,2,3,4,5 and required intensive experimental optimization to reach activity levels observed in comparable natural enzymes^5,6,7,8,9. These results exposed limitations in design methodology and suggested critical gaps in our understanding of the fundamentals of biocatalysis^10,11. We present a fully computational workflow for designing efficient enzymes in TIM-barrel folds using backbone fragments from natural proteins and without requiring optimization by mutant-library screening. Three Kemp eliminase designs exhibit efficiencies greater than 2,000 M⁻¹ s⁻¹. The most efficient shows more than 140 mutations from any natural protein, including a novel active site. It exhibits high stability (greater than 85 °C) and remarkable catalytic efficiency (12,700 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and rate (2.8 s⁻¹), surpassing previous computational designs by two orders of magnitude^1,2,3,4,5. Furthermore, designing a residue considered essential in all previous Kemp eliminase designs increases efficiency to more than 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ and rate to 30 s⁻¹, achieving catalytic parameters comparable to natural enzymes and challenging fundamental biocatalytic assumptions. By overcoming limitations in design methodology¹¹, our strategy enables programming stable, high-efficiency, new-to-nature enzymes through a minimal experimental effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphodynamics of human early brain organoid development","authors":"Akanksha Jain, Gilles Gut, Fátima Sanchis-Calleja, Reto Tschannen, Zhisong He, Nicolas Luginbühl, Fides Zenk, Antonius Chrisnandy, Simon Streib, Christoph Harmel, Ryoko Okamoto, Malgorzata Santel, Makiko Seimiya, René Holtackers, Juliane K. Rohland, Sophie Martina Johanna Jansen, Matthias P. Lutolf, J. Gray Camp, Barbara Treutlein","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09151-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09151-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brain organoids enable the mechanistic study of human brain development and provide opportunities to explore self-organization in unconstrained developmental systems^1,2,3. Here we establish long-term, live light-sheet microscopy on unguided brain organoids generated from fluorescently labelled human induced pluripotent stem cells, which enables tracking of tissue morphology, cell behaviours and subcellular features over weeks of organoid development⁴. We provide a novel dual-channel, multi-mosaic and multi-protein labelling strategy combined with a computational demultiplexing approach to enable simultaneous quantification of distinct subcellular features during organoid development. We track actin, tubulin, plasma membrane, nucleus and nuclear envelope dynamics, and quantify cell morphometric and alignment changes during tissue-state transitions including neuroepithelial induction, maturation, lumenization and brain regionalization. On the basis of imaging and single-cell transcriptome modalities, we find that lumenal expansion and cell morphotype composition within the developing neuroepithelium are associated with modulation of gene expression programs involving extracellular matrix pathway regulators and mechanosensing. We show that an extrinsically provided matrix enhances lumen expansion as well as telencephalon formation, and unguided organoids grown in the absence of an extrinsic matrix have altered morphologies with increased neural crest and caudalized tissue identity. Matrix-induced regional guidance and lumen morphogenesis are linked to the WNT and Hippo (YAP1) signalling pathways, including spatially restricted induction of the WNT ligand secretion mediator (WLS) that marks the earliest emergence of non-telencephalic brain regions. Together, our work provides an inroad into studying human brain morphodynamics and supports a view that matrix-linked mechanosensing dynamics have a central role during brain regionalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why air-traffic controller shortages are not to blame for US airport chaos","authors":"Ashley Nunes","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-01883-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-025-01883-6","url":null,"abstract":"Models estimating the levels of flight-directing staff need a rethink. Models estimating the levels of flight-directing staff need a rethink.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"642 8068","pages":"544-544"},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01883-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}