Nature最新文献_第5页

Becoming real. 成为真实的。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-026-03114-y

Dadui Yao

引用次数: 0

Lay of the land: terrestrial conservation efforts cover a wider area than thought. 陆地分布：陆地保护工作覆盖的面积比想象的要大。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-026-03081-4

引用次数: 0

Early tetrapod neck mobility modelled using an extant analogue. 早期四足动物颈部活动模型使用现存的类似物。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11158-3

Dana E Korneisel, Cassandra M Donatelli, Linfang Han, Thomas A Stewart, Andrew L Traynor, Benjamin K A Otoo, Marcos Martinez, Tetsuto Miyashita, Emily M Standen, Hillary C Maddin

{"title":"Early tetrapod neck mobility modelled using an extant analogue.","authors":"Dana E Korneisel, Cassandra M Donatelli, Linfang Han, Thomas A Stewart, Andrew L Traynor, Benjamin K A Otoo, Marcos Martinez, Tetsuto Miyashita, Emily M Standen, Hillary C Maddin","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11158-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11158-3","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrapods arose from lobe-finned fishes with a notochord-dominated axial column1-3. During this transition, the skull became separated from the shoulder girdle4-6, giving rise to a neck region. This head-shoulder separation has generated hypotheses suggesting that neck mobility increased during the origin of tetrapods, facilitating the ecological transition towards more terrestrial habitats4,5,7-9. However, incompletely co-ossified vertebral components10 have posed a challenge to modelling the mobility of these early tetrapod necks. Here we used material tests on the similarly configured axial columns of sturgeon to predict the capacities of the tetrapod neck region for lateral flexion, extension and rotation across the tetrapod stem. Our model indicates that the soft tissue-dominated axial column was surprisingly rigid, despite lacking co-ossified vertebral components. We estimate that most stem tetrapods could move their heads less than 6° laterally and less than 3° dorsally but could not rotate them. Notably, mobility did not shift in conjunction with the head-shoulder separation that occurred between the origin of tristichopterids (represented by Eusthenopteron) and that of more crownward stem tetrapods. Therefore, mobility in the tetrapod neck did not serve as a functional driver of head-shoulder separation. Instead, forelimb-driven locomotion, implicated in early tetrapods11-14, provides a better functional explanation for the head-shoulder separation.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural basis of ligand recognition and gating in mosquito IRs. 蚊子受体配体识别和门控的结构基础。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11239-3

Li Xu, Xin Wang, Xuebo Quan, Stephen T Ferguson, Dong Liu, Jiawei Chen, Sai Wang, Simin Liang, Gaoxingyu Huang, Kai Huang, Feng Liu, Xiaojing Pan

{"title":"Structural basis of ligand recognition and gating in mosquito IRs.","authors":"Li Xu, Xin Wang, Xuebo Quan, Stephen T Ferguson, Dong Liu, Jiawei Chen, Sai Wang, Simin Liang, Gaoxingyu Huang, Kai Huang, Feng Liu, Xiaojing Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11239-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11239-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ionotropic receptors (IRs) are essential for insect olfaction, enabling the detection of carboxylic acids, amines, moisture, and temperature cues that mediate critical behaviors, including mosquito host-seeking 1,2. However, the structural mechanisms underlying ligand specificity and channel activation in these receptors remain unclear. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and functional validation of the IR8a-IR75k complex from the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi, a carboxylic acid detector, captured in four states: the ligand-free full-length closed form (apo state), the ligand induced full-length open state, and the nonanoic acid (NA)- and octanoic acid (OA)-bound extracellular domains. These structures reveal a dynamic ligand-binding pocket in IR75k, in which specificity is determined by alkyl chain length and carboxylate geometry. Ligand binding triggers closure of IR75k's bilobed ligand binding domain (LBD), and this conformational change propagates through conserved mechanical linkers to the transmembrane domain (TMD), functioning as a molecular lever that dilates the pore via outward displacement of transmembrane helices. This gating mechanism was further corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiology. These insights provide an atomic resolution view of IR mediated host detection in mosquitoes and establish a foundation for the rational design of next generation mosquito control strategies targeting host-seeking behavior.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Will my lack of country-specific grants limit my chances of employment abroad? 缺少国家专项补助金会限制我在国外就业的机会吗？

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-026-02442-3

Christine Ro

引用次数: 0

Targeted stimulation of motor cortex ensembles drives learned movements. 有针对性的刺激运动皮质整体驱动习得运动。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11174-3

Qiyu Chen, An Wu, Bin Yu, Soyoung Chae, Zijing Tan, Assaf Ramot, Johnatan Aljadeff, Takaki Komiyama

{"title":"Targeted stimulation of motor cortex ensembles drives learned movements.","authors":"Qiyu Chen, An Wu, Bin Yu, Soyoung Chae, Zijing Tan, Assaf Ramot, Johnatan Aljadeff, Takaki Komiyama","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11174-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11174-3","url":null,"abstract":"During the execution of learned motor skills, the neural population in layer 2/3 (L2/3) of primary motor cortex (M1) expresses a reproducible spatiotemporal activity pattern1. It is debated whether M1 actively participates in generating this learned pattern and whether this pattern causally drives the learned movement2-5. Here we combined in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and holographic optogenetic stimulation of functionally defined M1 L2/3 ensembles in mice performing a skilled lever-pressing task. Brief synchronous stimulation of about 20 neurons whose activity onset precedes voluntary movement onset induced movements resembling the learned movement, while producing activity patterns in other M1 neurons resembling the learned activity. Moreover, trial-by-trial variability of optogenetically triggered population activity correlated with variability in the induced movements. These variabilities were predicted by the initial state of M1 activity preceding stimulation. In some trials, stimulation induced the learned activity without inducing movements, indicating that the learned activity is not simply a reflection of movements but can arise internally. Stimulation failed to generate movements or learned activity in task-disengaged mice. Stimulation of neurons whose activity followed movement onsets failed to induce the learned movement in task-engaged mice. Together, the learned activity in M1 L2/3 can be generated when M1 is prepared at the optimal initial state and receives precise triggering inputs, supporting the active role of M1 in generating learned activity and learned movements.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing subseasonal forecasting with machine learning. 用机器学习推进亚季节预报。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11126-x

Hannah Guan, Soukayna Mouatadid, Paulo Orenstein, Judah Cohen, Haiyu Dong, Zekun Ni, Jeremy Berman, Genevieve Flaspohler, Alex Lu, Jakob Schloer, Joshua Talib, Jonathan A Weyn, Lester Mackey

{"title":"Advancing subseasonal forecasting with machine learning.","authors":"Hannah Guan, Soukayna Mouatadid, Paulo Orenstein, Judah Cohen, Haiyu Dong, Zekun Ni, Jeremy Berman, Genevieve Flaspohler, Alex Lu, Jakob Schloer, Joshua Talib, Jonathan A Weyn, Lester Mackey","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11126-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-11126-x","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-makers rely on weather forecasts to plant crops, manage wildfires, allocate water and energy and prepare for weather extremes1-3. Today, such forecasts enjoy unprecedented accuracy as far as 2 weeks thanks to steady advances in physics-based dynamical models and data-driven artificial intelligence models4-10. However, model skill drops precipitously at subseasonal timescales (2-6 weeks ahead) due to compounding errors, systemic model biases and the chaotic nature of the atmosphere11-15. To counter this degradation, we introduce probabilistic bias correction, a machine learning framework that substantially reduces systematic error by learning to correct historical probabilistic forecasts. When applied to the leading dynamical and artificial intelligence models from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), probabilistic bias correction doubles the modest subseasonal skill of the AI Forecasting System16 and improves the skill of the operationally debiased dynamical model17 for 91% of pressure, 92% of temperature and 98% of precipitation targets. We designed probabilistic bias correction for operational deployment, and, in the 2025 real-time forecasting competition of ECMWF18, its global forecasts were the best for all weather variables and lead times, outperforming the dynamical models from six operational forecasting centres, an international dynamical multimodel ensemble, the AI Forecasting System of ECMWF and the forecasting systems of 34 teams worldwide. These probabilistic skill gains translate into more accurate prediction of extreme events and have the potential to improve agricultural planning, energy management and disaster preparedness in vulnerable communities19.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hidden reaction pathways inform additive engineering for perovskite LEDs 隐藏的反应途径为钙钛矿led的增材工程提供信息

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11120-3

Sung-Doo Baek, Yu-Ting Yang, Pengfei Wu, Hanjun Yang, Mohammad Ali, Hui Taou Kok, Xiyu Luo, Wenhao Shao, Hyuntae Choi, Jeong Hui Kim, L. Jay Guo, Libai Huang, Barry P. Rand, Letian Dou

{"title":"Hidden reaction pathways inform additive engineering for perovskite LEDs","authors":"Sung-Doo Baek, Yu-Ting Yang, Pengfei Wu, Hanjun Yang, Mohammad Ali, Hui Taou Kok, Xiyu Luo, Wenhao Shao, Hyuntae Choi, Jeong Hui Kim, L. Jay Guo, Libai Huang, Barry P. Rand, Letian Dou","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11120-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-11120-3","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising class of solution-processed light-emitting devices, combining high efficiency with facile fabrication1–5. Amino-acid-based molecular additives are widely used to regulate crystallization and suppress defects in perovskite thin films6–8, yet these molecules are chemically reactive in precursor solutions, in which their transformations and products remain poorly understood. Here we resolve and control the hidden solution-phase chemistry of a ubiquitous additive, 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA), whose solution-phase reactivity has remained unclear6,9–15. We show that 5AVA undergoes competing in situ reactions during precursor preconditioning, yielding two chemically and functionally distinct products: a beneficial organoamidinium zwitterion and a detrimental Lewis-base lactam. By explaining this reaction dichotomy and establishing targeted reaction-pathway control, we selectively use the beneficial species. Direct synthesis and incorporation of the purified zwitterion decouple its intrinsic passivation function from confounding by-products, yielding perovskite films with a near-unity mean peak photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 97.2% and PeLEDs with a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.1%, alongside a mean peak EQE of 32.8%. Finally, we demonstrate that this reaction-pathway control concept can be extended to further additive chemistries and emission colours, highlighting its potential as a chemistry-driven strategy for rational additive design in PeLEDs. Resolution and control of the hidden solution-phase chemistry of 5-aminovaleric acid added to perovskite precursor solutions is described for producing films with a near-unity mean peak photoluminescence quantum yield and near-infrared perovskite LEDs with enhanced external quantum efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"658 8136","pages":"629-635"},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clasping folds enable superior elastic strength of graphene films 扣合折叠使石墨烯薄膜具有优异的弹性强度

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11109-y

Lidan Wang, Yangchao Liao, Jingjie Huang, Chenwei Shen, Lu Chen, Xing Li, Degong Ding, Mingtao Zhang, Li Peng, Kaiwen Li, Peng Li, Yingjun Liu, Zhen Xu, Kai Pang, Zhiping Xu, Chao Gao

{"title":"Clasping folds enable superior elastic strength of graphene films","authors":"Lidan Wang, Yangchao Liao, Jingjie Huang, Chenwei Shen, Lu Chen, Xing Li, Degong Ding, Mingtao Zhang, Li Peng, Kaiwen Li, Peng Li, Yingjun Liu, Zhen Xu, Kai Pang, Zhiping Xu, Chao Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11109-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-026-11109-y","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional graphene sheets show strong potential for use in fabrication of macroscopic films, as they have exceptional mechanical properties owing to their in-plane strength1–6. Improvements in the stacking order of flat two-dimensional sheets have led to corresponding improvements in the strength and toughness of such films7–11. In addition, modulation of the spatial conformation of individual units has enabled the development of benchmark materials with superior properties12,13; however, this has remained elusive in the case of two-dimensional sheets. Here we report a strategy for preparation of graphene films with a combination of high strength (2.9 GPa), toughness (84.5 MJ m−3) and elastic strain (5%). We attribute these performance gains to a fold-clasping lamellar structure achieved by modular assembly of surface-folded multilayer graphene oxide flakes. We identify a pull-to-push transition of force chain topology and propose a shear-lock stress transfer strategy in the fold-clasping lamellar graphene film that enables advances in mechanical properties. This work demonstrates the modular design of spatial conformation of two-dimensional flakes on a large scale and further improves the performance of macroscopic films for potential applications in lightweight structural components. Two-dimensional graphene films with unusual folded surfaces are synthesized through a modular assembly strategy and show enhanced strength, toughness and elastic strain owing to stress distribution between interlayer folds.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"658 8136","pages":"643-649"},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Competing mechanisms toughen bcc binary and medium-entropy alloys at 20 K. 竞争机制使bcc二元和中熵合金在20k时增韧。

IF 56.1 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11065-7

David H Cook, Xiaoyu Chen, Michael O'Leary, Satish Rao, Wenqing Wang, Calvin H Belcher, Madelyn Payne, Pedro Borges, Tung Lik Lee, Arun Devaraj, Mark Asta, Enrique J Lavernia, Diran Apelian, Andrew M Minor, Dong Liu, Punit Kumar, Robert O Ritchie

{"title":"Competing mechanisms toughen bcc binary and medium-entropy alloys at 20 K.","authors":"David H Cook, Xiaoyu Chen, Michael O'Leary, Satish Rao, Wenqing Wang, Calvin H Belcher, Madelyn Payne, Pedro Borges, Tung Lik Lee, Arun Devaraj, Mark Asta, Enrique J Lavernia, Diran Apelian, Andrew M Minor, Dong Liu, Punit Kumar, Robert O Ritchie","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-11065-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11065-7","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic deformation in body-centred cubic (bcc) metals and alloys is conventionally mediated by screw dislocations. Their temperature-sensitive motion is attributed to a steep rise in strength with decreasing temperature that constricts plastic zones at crack tips, leading to a ductile-to-brittle transition1. Here we evaluated the mechanical properties of group IV-V bcc refractory alloys with similar electronic structures at 20 K and found that these materials instead exhibit a plateau in tensile yield strength and fracture toughness as a function of temperature, with no apparent ductile-to-brittle transition. This behaviour arises from the global activation of twinning and an ω-phase transformation, which nucleate dislocations at interfaces before global dislocation motion. The initial mechanism is temperature insensitive and controls yielding, thereby preventing a crack-tip plastic zone from constricting with decreasing temperature.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0