NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"Everything falls apart: How solids degrade and release nanomaterials, composite fragments, and microplastics","authors":"Wendel Wohlleben ,&nbsp;Nathan Bossa ,&nbsp;Denise M. Mitrano ,&nbsp;Keana Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To ensure the safe use of materials, one must assess the identity and quantity of exposure. Solid materials, such as plastics, metals, coatings and cements, degrade to some extent during their life cycle, and releases can occur during manufacturing, use and end-of-life. Releases (e.g., what is released, how does release happen, and how much material is released) depend on the composition and internal (nano)structures of the material as well as the applied stresses during the lifecycle. We consider, in some depth, releases from mechanical, weathering and thermal stresses and specifically address the use cases of fused-filament 3D printing, dermal contact, food contact and textile washing. Solid materials can release embedded nanomaterials, composite fragments, or micro- and nanoplastics, as well as volatile organics, ions and dissolved organics. The identity of the release is often a heterogenous mixture and requires adapted strategies for sampling and analysis, with suitable quality control measures. Control materials enhance robustness by enabling comparative testing, but reference materials are not always available as yet. The quantity of releases is typically described by time-dependent rates that are modulated by the nature and intensity of the applied stress, the chemical identity of the polymer or other solid matrix, and the chemical identity and compatibility of embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) or other additives. Standardization of methods and the documentation of metadata, including all the above descriptors of the tested material, applied stresses, sampling and analytics, are identified as important needs to advance the field and to generate robust, comparable assessments. In this regard, there are strong methodological synergies between the study of all solid materials, including the study of micro- and nanoplastics. From an outlook perspective, we review the hazard of the released entities, and show how this informs risk assessment. We also address the transfer of methods to related issues such as tyre wear, advanced materials and advanced manufacturing, biodegradable polymers, and non-solid matrices. As the consideration of released entities will become more routine in industry via lifecycle assessment in Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design practices, release assessments will require careful design of the study with quality controls, the use of agreed-on test materials and standardized methods where these exist and the adoption of clearly defined data reporting practices that enable data reuse, meta-analyses, and comparative studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of TiO2 (nano)particles migration from food packaging materials to food simulants by single particle ICP-MS/MS using a high efficiency sample introduction system","authors":"Isabel Bastardo-Fernández ,&nbsp;Rachida Chekri ,&nbsp;Caroline Oster ,&nbsp;Valentin Thoury ,&nbsp;Paola Fisicaro ,&nbsp;Petru Jitaru ,&nbsp;Johanna Noireaux","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂ is the most widely used white pigment in plastics and food packaging industry, thus the question of its migration towards food and hence the impact on consumers is raised. Since recent research indicate its potential toxicity, it is necessary to study TiO₂ contamination as a consequence of food storage. For this purpose, plastic containers from commercially-available dairy products and custom-made TiO₂-spiked polypropylene materials were put in contact with 50% (<em>v/v</em>) ethanol and 3% (<em>w/v</em>) acetic acid, which were used here as food simulants. The migration assays were carried out under standard contact conditions of packaging use (as recommended by Commission Regulation (EU) N° 10/2011 for food contact migration testing), and under conditions of extreme mechanical degradation of the packaging. The TiO₂ (nano)particles released in the food simulants were analysed by single particle inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry in mass-shift mode and using a high efficiency sample introduction system (APEX™ Ω) to avoid matrix effects from food simulants. For the dairy product containers and for the spiked polypropylene, results showed release of TiO₂ particles of rather large sizes (average size: 164 and 175 nm, respectively) under mechanical degradation conditions, i.e. when the polymeric structure is damaged. The highest amounts of TiO₂ were observed in 50% ethanol after 10 days of storage at 50 °C (0.62 ng cm⁻²) for the dairy product containers and after 1 day of storage at 50 °C (0.68 ng cm⁻²) for the spiked polypropylene. However, the level of Ti released in particle form was very small compared to the total Ti content in the packaging and far below the acceptable migration limits set by European legislation. Release under standard contact conditions of use of the container was not measurable, thus the migration of TiO₂ particles from this packaging to dairy products among storage is expected to be negligible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the potential of daily intake of polystyrene microplastics via drinking water in inducing PCOS and its ovarian fibrosis progression using female zebrafish","authors":"Madhuchhanda Adhikari ,&nbsp;Chayan Biswas ,&nbsp;Piyali Mazumdar ,&nbsp;Shampa Sarkar (Biswas) ,&nbsp;Kousik Pramanick","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polystyrene microplastics, extensively considered endocrine disrupting chemicals, disturb the reproductive system of living organisms. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the reproductive endocrinopathy, is longstanding concern due to its eternal impacts as reproductive disorder and infertility. Despite several reports in reproductive and endocrine toxicity, there is inadequate literature regarding the daily intake of polystyrene-microplastics <em>via</em> drinking water in causing PCOS and leading to ovarian fibrosis in long-term. The present study investigated whether daily consumption of polystyrene-microplastics at doses equivalent to human exposure can cause PCOS and progress to ovarian fibrosis, using female zebrafish as model. Resembling letrozole-PCOS zebrafish model, daily intake of polystyrene-microplastics displayed hallmark PCOS pathophysiology; like excess body weight and %Gonadosomatic index, decreased Follicle Stimulating Hormone and β-estradiol, increased Luteinising Hormone, brain and ovarian Testosterone (39.3% and 75% respectively). Correspondingly, ovarian histology revealed more developing (stage I and II) oocytes and less mature oocytes alongwith cystic lesions; like follicular membrane disorganization, zona pellucida invagination, theca hypertrophy, basophilic granular accumulation and oocyte buddings. Lipid deposition in intestinal and ovarian tissues was evidenced and increased fasting blood glucose manifesting insulin resistance. The expression of PCOS biomarkers (<em>tox3, dennd1a, fem1a</em>) was significantly disturbed. Polystyrene microplastics played vital role in inducing PCOS further enhancing oxidative stress, which positively influences inflammation and aggravate ovarian mitophagy, shedding light on its ability to harshen PCOS into ovarian fibrosis, which is characterized by collagen deposition and upregulation of pro-fibrogenic biomarker genes. These findings illustrate the potential of daily microplastics intake <em>via</em> drinking water in triggering PCOS and its progression to ovarian fibrosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in agriculture: A solution to global food insecurity in a changing climate?","authors":"Shital Vaidya,&nbsp;Chaoyi Deng,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Nubia Zuverza-Mena,&nbsp;Christian Dimkpa,&nbsp;Jason C. White","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the Green Revolution dramatically increased food production, it led to non- sustainable conventional agricultural practices, with productivity in general declining over the last few decades. Maintaining food security with a world population exceeding 9 billion in 2050, a changing climate, and declining arable land will be exceptionally challenging. In fact, nothing short of a revolution in how we grow, distribute, store, and consume food is needed. In the last ten years, the field of nanotoxicology in plant systems has largely transitioned to one of sustainable nano-enabled applications, with recent discoveries on the use of this advanced technology in agriculture showing tremendous promise. The range of applications is quite extensive, including direct application of nanoscale nutrients for improved plant health, nutrient biofortification, increased photosynthetic output, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation. Other applications include nano-facilitated delivery of both fertilizers and pesticides; nano-enabled delivery of genetic material for gene silencing against viral pathogens and insect pests; and nanoscale sensors to support precision agriculture. Recent efforts have demonstrated that nanoscale strategies increase tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, offering realistic potential to generate climate resilient crops. Considering the efficiency of nanoscale materials, there is a need to make their production more economical, alongside efficient use of incumbent resources such as water and energy. The hallmark of many of these approaches involves much greater impact with far less input of material. However, demonstrations of efficacy at field scale are still insufficient in the literature, and a thorough understanding of mechanisms of action is both necessary and often not evident. Although nanotechnology holds great promise for combating global food insecurity, there are far more ways to do this poorly than safely and effectively. This review summarizes recent work in this space, calling out existing knowledge gaps and suggesting strategies to alleviate those concerns to advance the field of sustainable nano-enabled agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of airborne dust emissions from three types of crushed multi-walled carbon nanotube-enhanced concretes","authors":"Camilla Abrahamsson ,&nbsp;Jenny Rissler ,&nbsp;Monica Kåredal ,&nbsp;Maria Hedmer ,&nbsp;Jan Suchorzewski ,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto ,&nbsp;Ojas Arun Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Anders Gudmundsson ,&nbsp;Christina Isaxon","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dispersing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) into concrete at low (&lt;1 wt% in cement) concentrations may improve concrete performance and properties and provide enhanced functionalities. When MWCNT-enhanced concrete is fragmented during remodelling or demolition, the stiff, fibrous and carcinogenic MWCNTs will, however, also be part of the respirable particulate matter released in the process. Consequently, systematic aerosolizing of crushed MWCNT-enhanced concretes in a controlled environment and measuring the properties of this aerosol can give valuable insights into the characteristics of the emissions such as concentrations, size range and morphology. These properties impact to which extent the emissions can be inhaled as well as where they are expected to deposit in the lung, which is critical to assess whether these materials might constitute a future health risk for construction and demolition workers. In this work, the impact from MWCNTs on aerosol characteristics was assessed for samples of three concrete types with various amounts of MWCNT, using a novel methodology based on the continuous drop method. MWCNT-enhanced concretes were crushed, aerosolized and the emitted particles were characterized with online and offline techniques. For light-weight porous concrete, the addition of MWCNT significantly reduced the respirable mass fraction (RESP) and particle number concentrations (PNC) across all size ranges (7 nm – 20 μm), indicating that MWCNTs dampened the fragmentation process by possibly reinforcing the microstructure of brittle concrete. For normal concrete, the opposite could be seen, where MWCNTs resulted in drastic increases in RESP and PNC, suggesting that the MWCNTs may be acting as defects in the concrete matrix, thus enhancing the fragmentation process. For the high strength concrete, the fragmentation decreased at the lowest MWCNT concentration, but increased again for the highest MWCNT concentration. All tested concrete types emitted &lt;100 nm particles, regardless of CNT content. SEM imaging displayed CNTs protruding from concrete fragments, but no free fibres were detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452074824000107/pdfft?md5=2c842636786b9e5781b2be1ec2a669d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2452074824000107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial - Special issue environmental and health impacts of two-dimensional nanomaterials","authors":"Peter Wick ,&nbsp;Haiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Sijie Lin ,&nbsp;Xuehua Li ,&nbsp;Chengdong Zhang ,&nbsp;Herdeline Ann Ardoña","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139095405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting environmental concentrations of nanomaterials for exposure assessment - a review","authors":"Arturo A. Keller ,&nbsp;Yuanfang Zheng ,&nbsp;Antonia Praetorius ,&nbsp;Joris T.K. Quik ,&nbsp;Bernd Nowack","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;There have been major advances in the science to predict the likely environmental concentrations of nanomaterials&lt;span&gt;, which is a key component of exposure and subsequent risk assessment. Considerable progress has been since the first Material Flow Analyses (MFAs) in 2008, which were based on very limited information, to more refined current tools that take into account engineered nanoparticle (ENP) size distribution, form, dynamic release, and better-informed release factors. These MFAs provide input for all &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;environmental fate&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; models (EFMs), that generate estimates of particle flows and concentrations in various environmental compartments. While MFA models provide valuable information on the magnitude of ENP release, they do not account for fate processes, such as homo- and heteroaggregation, transformations, dissolution, or corona formation. EFMs account for these processes in differing degrees. EFMs can be divided into multimedia compartment models (e.g., atmosphere, waterbodies and their sediments, soils in various landuses), of which there are currently a handful with varying degrees of complexity and process representation, and spatially-resolved watershed models which focus on the water and sediment compartments. Multimedia models have particular applications for considering predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in particular regions, or for developing generic “fate factors” (i.e., overall persistence in a given compartment) for life-cycle assessment. Watershed models can track transport and eventual fate of emissions into a flowing river, from multiple sources along the waterway course, providing spatially and temporally resolved PECs. Both types of EFMs can be run with either continuous sources of emissions and environmental conditions, or with dynamic emissions (e.g., temporally varying for example as a new nanomaterial is introduced to the market, or with seasonal applications), to better understand the situations that may lead to peak PECs that are more likely to result in exceedance of a toxicological threshold. In addition, &lt;/span&gt;bioaccumulation models have been developed to predict the internal concentrations that may accumulate in exposed organisms, based on the PECs from EFMs. The main challenge for MFA and EFMs is a full validation against observed data. To date there have been no field studies that can provide the kind of dataset(s) needed for a true validation of the PECs. While EFMs have been evaluated against a few observations in a small number of locations, with results that indicate they are in the right order of magnitude, there is a great need for field data. Another major challenge is the input data for the MFAs, which depend on market data to estimate the production of ENPs. The current information has major gaps and large uncertainties. There is also a lack of robust analytical techniques for quantifying ENP properties in complex matrices; machine learning may ","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution kinetics of copper oxide nanoparticles in presence of glyphosate","authors":"Zhaoxun Yang ,&nbsp;Jean-François Gaillard","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Recently CuO nanoparticles (n-CuO) have been proposed as an alternative method to deliver a Cu-based pesticide for controlling fungal infestations. With the concomitant use of </span>glyphosate as an herbicide, the interactions between n-CuO and this strong ligand need to be assessed. We investigated the dissolution kinetics of n-CuO and bulk-CuO (b-CuO) particles in the presence of a commercial glyphosate product and compared it to oxalate, a natural ligand present in soil water. We performed experiments at concentration levels representative of the conditions under which n-CuO and glyphosate would be used (∼0.9 mg/L n-CuO and 50 μM of glyphosate). As tenorite (CuO) dissolution kinetics are known to be surface controlled, we determined that at pH 6.5, T ∼ 20 °C, using KNO</span>₃ as background electrolyte, the presence of glyphosate leads to a dissolution rate of 9.3 ± 0.7 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻³ h⁻¹. In contrast, in absence of glyphosate, and under the same conditions, it is 2 orders of magnitude less: 8.9 ± 3.6 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻⁵ h⁻¹. In a more complex multi-electrolyte aqueous solution the same effect is observed; glyphosate promotes the dissolution rates of n-CuO and b-CuO within the first 10 h of reaction by a factor of ∼2 to ∼15. In the simple KNO₃ electrolyte, oxalate leads to dissolution rates of CuO about two times faster than glyphosate. However, the kinetic rates within the first 10 h of reaction are about the same for the two ligands when the reaction takes place in the multi-electrolyte solution as oxalate is mostly bound to Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the dustiness index in combination with the handling energy factor for exposure modelling of nanomaterials","authors":"Carla Ribalta ,&nbsp;Alexander C.Ø. Jensen ,&nbsp;Neeraj Shandilya ,&nbsp;Camilla Delpivo ,&nbsp;Keld A. Jensen ,&nbsp;Ana Sofia Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of modelling tools in the occupational hygiene community has increased in the last years to comply with the different existing regulations. However, limitations still exist mainly due to the difficulty to obtain certain key parameters such as the emission rate, which in the case of powder handling can be estimated using the dustiness index (DI). The goal of this work is to explore the applicability and usability of the DI for emission source characterization and occupational exposure prediction to particles during nanomaterial powder handling. Modelling of occupational exposure concentrations of 13 case scenarios was performed using a two-box model as well as three nano-specific tools (Stoffenmanager nano, NanoSafer and GUIDEnano). The improvement of modelling performance by using a derived handling energy factor (H) was explored. Results show the usability of the DI for emission source characterization and respirable mass exposure modelling of powder handling scenarios of nanomaterials. A clear improvement in modelling outcome was obtained when using derived quartile-3 H factors with, 1) Pearson correlations of 0.88 vs. 0.52 (not using H), and 2) ratio of modelled/measured concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 10 in 75% cases vs. 16.7% of the cases when not using H. Particle number concentrations were generally underpredicted. Using the most conservative H values, predictions with ratios modelled/measured concentrations of 0.4–3.6 were obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245207482400003X/pdfft?md5=5cf634b056ad91f26e09d7c690153842&pid=1-s2.0-S245207482400003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental carbon - An efficient method to measure occupational exposure from materials in the graphene family","authors":"Tobias Storsjö ,&nbsp;Håkan Tinnerberg ,&nbsp;Jinhua Sun ,&nbsp;Chen Ruiqi ,&nbsp;Anne Farbrot","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene is a 2D-material with many useful properties such as flexibility, elasticity, and conductivity among others. Graphene could therefore become a material used in many occupational fields in the future, which can give rise to occupational exposure. Today, exposure is unknown, due to the lack of efficient measuring techniques for occupational exposure to graphene. Readily available screening techniques for air sampling and -analysis are either nonspecific or nonquantitative. Quantifying materials from the broad graphene family by an easy-to-use method is important for the large-scale industrial application of graphene, especially when for the safety of working environment. Graphene consists primarily of elemental carbon, and the present study evaluates the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC)-technique for exposure assessment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the OC/EC analysis technique as an efficient and easy-to-use method for quantification of occupational exposure to graphene. Methods that can identify graphene would be preferable for screening, but they are time consuming and semi-quantitative and therefore not suited for quantitative work environment assessments. The OC/EC-technique is a thermal optical analysis (TOA), that quantitively determines the amount of and distinguishes between two different types of carbon, organic and elemental. The technique is standardised, well-established and among other things used for diesel exposure measurements (ref standard). OC/EC could therefore be a feasible measuring technique to quantitively determine occupational exposure to graphene. The present evaluation of the technique provides an analytical method that works quantitatively for graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Interestingly, the TOA technique makes it possible to distinguish between the three graphene forms used in this study. The technique was tested in an industrial setting and the outcome suggests that the technique is an efficient monitoring technique to be used in combination with characterisation techniques like for example Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}