NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"Metal doped nitrogenous hydroxyapatite nanohybrids slowly release nitrogen to crops and mitigate ammonia volatilization: An impact assessment","authors":"Bhaskar Sharma ,&nbsp;Manoj Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Luis O.B. Afonso ,&nbsp;Udit Soni ,&nbsp;David M. Cahill","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>To supply adequate food, the ongoing and unrestrained administration of </span>nitrogen fertilizer<span><span> to agricultural fields is polluting the climate and living organisms. On the other hand, the agriculture sector urgently needs a technological upgrade to effectively confront hunger and poverty. Here, we report a rapid synthesis of zinc and magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids<span> for slow release and delivery of nitrogen to wheat and rice crops. Nanohybrids slowly release nitrogen for up to six weeks compared to the burst release of nitrogen from urea, and their use substantially reduces, by at least 3.8 times, ammonia emissions into the environment compared with that of urea fertilizer. A half‑nitrogen dose applied as multi-nutrient complexed nanohybrids maintained crop growth, yield, and nutritional compositions in wheat and subsequent rice crops. Nanohybrids enhanced the wheat crop yield and nitrogen uptake by 22.13% and 58.30%, respectively. The synthesized nitrogen nanohybrids remained in the soil for two continuous crop cycles, reduced ammonia volatilization, and achieved nitrogen delivery to the crops. Additionally, soil dehydrogenase activity (534.55% above control) and </span></span>urease<span><span><span> activities (81.82% above control) suggest that nanohybrids exhibited no adverse impact on soil microorganisms. Our comprehensive study demonstrates the advantages of ‘doping’ as a method for tailoring </span>hydroxyapatite </span>nanoparticles<span> properties for extended agricultural and environmental applications. The use of nanohybrids substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions<span> and enabled the reduction, by half, of nitrogen inputs into the agricultural fields. This study, therefore, reports a novel nano-enabled platform of engineered hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids as a nitrogen fertilizer for efficient nitrogen delivery that results in improved crop growth while minimizing environmental pollution.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10436865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analogous foliar uptake and leaf-to-root translocation of micelle nanoparticles in two dicot plants of diverse families","authors":"Smriti Kala ,&nbsp;Chetan K.D. Jawle ,&nbsp;Nisha Sogan ,&nbsp;Amrish Agarwal ,&nbsp;Krishna Kant ,&nbsp;B.K. Mishra ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Bio-inspired nanoparticles<span>, including metallic, micelles, and polymeric, have been explored as a novel tool in the quest for effective and safe </span></span>agrochemicals<span><span>. Although nanoparticles (NPs) are being rapidly investigated for their usefulness in agricultural production and protection, little is known about the behaviour and interaction of oil-in-water micelle nanoparticles or nano-micelles (NM) with plants. We loaded a bio-based resin inherent of tree from the Pinaceae family as active material and produced stable nano-micelles using a natural </span>emulsifier system. Here, we show that foliar-applied nano-micelle can translocate in two dicot plants belonging to diverse families (</span></span><em>Coriandrum sativum</em> -Apiaceae and <em>Trigonella foenumgraecum -</em><span>Fabaceae) via similar mode. Fluorescent-tagged NM (average diameter 11.20nm) showed strong signals and higher intensities as revealed by confocal imaging<span> and exhibited significant adhesion in leaf compared to control. The NM subsequently translocates to other parts of the plants. As observed by SEM, the leaf surface anatomies revealed higher stomata densities and uptake of NM by guard cells; furthermore, larger extracellular spaces in mesophyll cells indicate a possible route of NM translocation. In addition, NM demonstrated improved wetting-spreading as illustrated by contact angle measurement. In a field bioassay, a single spray application of NM offered protection from aphid infestation for at least 9 days. There were no signs of phytotoxicity in plants post-application of NM. We conclude that pine resin-based nano-micelle provides an efficient, safe, and sustainable alternative for agricultural applications.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10447775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver and copper-oxide nanoparticles prepared with GA3 induced defense in rice plants and caused mortalities to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)","authors":"Amr S. Abou El-Ela ,&nbsp;Eric Siaw Ntiri ,&nbsp;Asim Munawar ,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Shi ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Joko Pilianto ,&nbsp;Yadong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Wenwu Zhou ,&nbsp;Zeng-Rong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2022.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span><span>Nanoparticles have been employed as nanopesticides for pest control in agriculture. However, the harmful effects of their chemical synthesis on human and </span>environmental health have resulted in increased use of green synthetic approaches, including the use of plant extracts. The brown </span>planthopper, </span><span><em>Nilaparvata lugens</em></span> (Stål) (BPH), is a severe pest of rice plants (<em>Oryza sativa</em><span> L.), especially in Asia. It is usually controlled chemically but has developed resistance against many insecticides.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>In this study, we synthesized metallic silver (Ag-NPs) and copper-oxide (CuO-NPs) nanoparticles using the exogenous phytohormone<span>, gibberellic acid (GA</span></span>₃<span>), as a reducing agent. We then sprayed them separately on rice plants and BPH together and evaluated their effects on the plants and insects. SEM<span> and TEM images showed that the synthesis was successful, indicated by the sizes (25–60 nm), uniform shape and spherical and cubical structures of Ag-NPs, as well as by the rugby sheet-like of CuO-NPs with lateral sizes of 150–340 nm and thickness of 30–70 nm. Independent applications of the nanoparticles and GA</span></span>₃<span><span> on rice plants induced different volatile profiles, of which the highest number emitted was under Ag-NPs, including the highest emission of linalool. </span>Transcriptome analysis showed that Ag-NPs-treated rice plants showed different transcriptome profiles compared to the control, 24 h after treatment, including the upregulation of the </span><em>linalool synthase</em> gene, genes of plants transcription factors such as WRKY, bHLH and NAC and other genes involved in plant defense responses. In all treatments, the mortality rate of BPH increased with an increase in NPs concentrations over time but was prominent under Ag-NPs treatment. The LC₅₀<span> values for Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs decreased with an increase in time. Also, the nanoparticles increased the activities of protective enzymes (POD, SOD<span> and CAT), inhibited that of detoxification enzymes (A-CHE, ACP and AKP), and reduced total protein concentrations in the BPH.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results show that synthesizing nanoparticles using phytohormones may be a safer and environmentally friendly option, which also holds promise for controlling the BPH in rice production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72021396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial to the special issue on “similarity assessment of nanoforms: Concepts, tools and case studies of the GRACIOUS project”","authors":"Wendel Wohlleben ,&nbsp;Vicki Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10711309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of metals associated with virgin pre-production and freshwater microplastics collected by an Italian river","authors":"Claudia Campanale ,&nbsp;Ilaria Savino ,&nbsp;Carmine Massarelli ,&nbsp;Vito Felice Uricchio","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Recently, microplastics (MPs) have been detected in almost all environmental matrices (water, soil, air, biota). Their presence is of concern due to high environmental persistence and their ability to release or bind pollutants. In light of this, the present work aimed to quantify a poorly studied pollutant category associated with MPs: metals. This analysis was conducted on virgin MPs, used as raw materials in the plastics' production process and on environmental MPs taken from the Ofanto river in Southern Italy. The MP samples were initially grouped for colour, shape and ageing and following mineralised by a microwave digestor. The metals and </span>metalloids Pb, Ba, Sb, Sn, Cd, Mo, Se, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti, Al, </span><em>V</em>, Ca, K, Mg, Na were subsequently quantified with ICP-MS. All the analysed elements were found on both types of samples (virgin and environmental MPs), with higher concentrations detected on environmental samples (above 14,400 μg/g⁻¹) rather than on pristine ones (above 5000 μg/g⁻¹<span>). Many of these inorganic compounds are probably adsorbed by the surrounding environment, and others are intentionally added during the plastic production process to improve their properties (e.g. additives). Noticeable differences were detected concerning the metal's distribution and amount observed in the two types of MP particles analysed.</span></p><p>Moreover, trace element concentrations were also linked to the colour and shape of the environmental particles analysed. Most abundant levels of metals were quantified on aged black fragments, followed by coloured and transparent fragments and black pellets. Our concluding remarks underline the role of MPs as a vehicle for the transport of metals, with significant differences between the high abundance of these pollutants examined in our particles collected in a freshwater environment and the significantly lower concentrations revealed previously in marine MPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10452737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-SMILES for predicting toxicity of Nano-mixtures to Daphnia Magna","authors":"Alla P. Toropova ,&nbsp;Andrey A. Toropov ,&nbsp;Natalja Fjodorova","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quasi-SMILES is an extension of the traditional SMILES. The classic SMILES is a way to represent the molecular structure. The quasi-SMILES is a way to describe all eclectic conditions that are able to affect the activity of a substance or a mixture. Nano-QSAR for prediction of toxicity of Nano-mixtures built up using the database on the corresponding experimental data. Models built up for five random splits of available data in training and validation sets are suggested. The Monte Carlo method of optimization is applied to calculate so-called optimal descriptors. The optimization was carried out with two criteria of predictive potential. These are the so-called index of ideality of correlation (<em>IIC</em>) and correlation intensity index (<em>CII</em>). Applying <em>CII</em> gives the better statistical quality of models for toxicity Nano-mixtures towards <span><em>Daphnia Magna</em><em>.</em></span> The statistical quality of the best model follows the determination coefficients 0.987 (training set) and 0.980 (validation set).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10436872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction models on biomass and yield of rice affected by metal (oxide) nanoparticles using nano-specific descriptors","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Le Yue ,&nbsp;Qing Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuesong Cao ,&nbsp;Weihao Tang ,&nbsp;Feiran Chen ,&nbsp;Chuanxi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The use of in silico tools to investigate the interactions between metal (oxide) nanoparticles (NPs) and plant biological responses is preferred because it allows us to understand molecular mechanisms and improve prediction efficiency by saving time, labor, and cost. In this study, four models (C5.0 decision tree, </span>discriminant function analysis, random forest, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis) were applied to predict the effect of NPs on rice biomass and yield. Nano-specific descriptors (size-dependent molecular descriptors and image-based descriptors) were introduced to estimate the behavior of NPs in plants to appropriately represent the wide space of NPs. The results showed that size-dependent molecular descriptors (e.g., </span><em>E</em>-state and connectivity indices) and image-based descriptors (e.g., extension, area, and minimum ferret diameter) were associated with the behavior of NPs in rice. The performance of the constructed models was within acceptable ranges (correlation coefficient ranged from 0.752 to 0.847 for biomass and from 0.803 to 0.905 for yield, while the accuracy ranged from 64% to 77% for biomass and 81% to 89% for yield). The developed model can be used to quickly and efficiently evaluate the impact of NPs under a wide range of experimental conditions and sufficient training data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10451737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials in different product groups: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Harald R. Tschiche ,&nbsp;Frank S. Bierkandt ,&nbsp;Otto Creutzenberg ,&nbsp;Valerie Fessard ,&nbsp;Roland Franz ,&nbsp;Ralf Greiner ,&nbsp;Carmen Gruber-Traub ,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Haas ,&nbsp;Andrea Haase ,&nbsp;Andrea Hartwig ,&nbsp;Bernhard Hesse ,&nbsp;Kerstin Hund-Rinke ,&nbsp;Pauline Iden ,&nbsp;Charlotte Kromer ,&nbsp;Katrin Loeschner ,&nbsp;Diana Mutz ,&nbsp;Anastasia Rakow ,&nbsp;Kirsten Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Hubert Rauscher ,&nbsp;Hannes Richter ,&nbsp;Peter Laux","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread integration of engineered nanomaterials into consumer and industrial products creates new challenges and requires innovative approaches in terms of design, testing, reliability, and safety of nanotechnology. The aim of this review article is to give an overview of different product groups in which nanomaterials are present and outline their safety aspects for consumers. Here, release of nanomaterials and related analytical challenges and solutions as well as toxicological considerations, such as dose-metrics, are discussed. Additionally, the utilization of engineered nanomaterials as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to deliver and release cargo molecules is covered. Furthermore, critical pathways for human exposure to nanomaterials, namely inhalation and ingestion, are discussed in the context of risk assessment. Analysis of NMs in food, innovative medicine or food contact materials is discussed. Specific focus is on the presence and release of nanomaterials, including whether nanomaterials can migrate from polymer nanocomposites used in food contact materials. With regard to the toxicology and toxicokinetics of nanomaterials, aspects of dose metrics of inhalation toxicity as well as ingestion toxicology and comparison between <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conclusions are considered. The definition of dose descriptors to be applied in toxicological testing is emphasized. In relation to potential exposure from different products, opportunities arising from the use of advanced analytical techniques in more unique scenarios such as release of nanomaterials from medical devices such as orthopedic implants are addressed. Alongside higher product performance and complexity, further challenges regarding material characterization and safety, as well as acceptance by the general public are expected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452074822000386/pdfft?md5=d6d6b7ae493fcb0cdf026a5d3b00d03c&pid=1-s2.0-S2452074822000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel route to enhance the dissolution of apatite: Structural incorporation of hydrogen phosphate","authors":"Yuriy Sakhno ,&nbsp;Ivana Miletto ,&nbsp;Geo Paul ,&nbsp;Deb P. Jaisi","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Potential use of hydroxyapatite </span>nanoparticles (HANPs) [Ca</span>₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂<span>] as slow P-release fertilizer (SRF) has recently attracted wider attention. However, commercially available HANP (with Ca/P ratio = 1.667) is the least soluble calcium phosphate and thus limits its full potential as an SRF in agronomic applications. In this research, we sought to enhance the dissolution rate of HANPs by enriching hydrogen phosphate (HPO</span>₄²⁻) species in the phosphate (PO₄³⁻) structural sites. Seven different types of pure crystalline HANPs were synthesized at a range of Ca/P ratio from 1.46 (at pH 6.0) to 2.10 (at pH 12.0). Complementary results from FTIR and solid-state ³¹P MAS NMR spectroscopies showed that HPO₄²⁻ species is most abundant in HANPs crystallized at pH 6.0 and gradually depleted at higher pH products. The rate of depletion of HPO₄²⁻ species is proportional to the increase in carbonate incorporation into the HANP lattice, which preferentially forms B-type carbonated HANPs. The enhanced dissolution rate of HANPs due to hydrogen phosphate incorporation was tested using a flow-through macro-dialysis system that limits the partial transition of HANPs to other solid phases, which otherwise interfere with dissolution. The results show that the dissolution rate of HANPs increased with decreasing pH of synthesis and was highest in HANPs at pH 6.0. The dissolution rate differed by ten times between HANPs synthesized at pH 7.0 and 10.0. Overall, the atom-efficient synthetic route developed and the ability to tune the dissolution rate of HANPs are significant steps forward in improving the P-release efficiency of a potent SRF and is expected to contribute to efforts toward enhancing agricultural sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in confectionary products and estimation of dietary exposure level among the Chinese population","authors":"Langzhi He ,&nbsp;Hongbo Wang ,&nbsp;Shumin Duan ,&nbsp;Yanjun Gao ,&nbsp;Lizhi Lyu ,&nbsp;Xiaxian Ou ,&nbsp;Nairui Yu ,&nbsp;Yaoyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingna Zheng ,&nbsp;Yun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is widely used in the food industry. Recently, European Commission has banned TiO₂<span> as a food additive<span>, raising public concern about its health risk, especially the nanoparticles (NPs) contained therein. This study aimed to reveal the existence of TiO</span></span>₂<span><span> NPs in food and further estimate the dietary exposure level among Chinese population by characterizing particle size distribution, determining Ti content and micro-distribution in food products, and calculating food consumption from the China </span>Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The results showed that TiO</span>₂ particle size in food additives and chewing gums was 53.5–230.3 nm and 56.8–267.7 nm respectively, where NPs accounted for 34.7% and 55.6% respectively. TiO₂ was firstly in situ presented on the surface of confectionary products with hard shells. The content of TiO₂ ranged from 3.2 to 3409.3 μg/g product. Besides, the mean dietary intake was 71.31 μg/kg_bw/day for TiO₂ and 7.75 μg/kg_bw/day for TiO₂ NPs among Chinese population, affected by people's dietary habits of different regions. Children's exposure levels was the highest due to their love of sweets. More attention should be paid to risk assessment and management of TiO₂ NPs for children in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10438123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}