NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"The environmental fate of nanoplastics: What we know and what we need to know about aggregation","authors":"Alice Pradel ,&nbsp;Charlotte Catrouillet ,&nbsp;Julien Gigault","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of nanoplastics in the environment has been proven. There is now an urgent need to determine how nanoplastics behave in the environment and to assess the risks they may pose. Here, we examine nanoplastic homo- and heteroaggregation, with a focus on environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models. We made a systematic analysis of experimental studies, and ranked the environmental relevance of 377 different solution chemistries, and 163 different nanoplastic particle models. Since polymer latex spheres are not environmentally relevant (due to their monodisperse size, spherical shape, and smooth surface), their aggregation behavior in natural conditions is not transferable to nanoplastics. A few recent studies suggest that nanoplastic particle models that more closely mimic incidentally produced nanoplastics follow different homoaggregation pathways than latex sphere particle models. However, heteroaggregation of environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models has seldom been studied. Despite this knowledge gap, the current evidence suggests that nanoplastics may be more sensitive to heteroaggregation than previously expected. We therefore provide an updated hypothesis about the likely environmental fate of nanoplastics. Our review demonstrates that it is essential to use environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models, such as those produced with top-down methods, to avoid biased interpretations of the fate and impact of nanoplastics. Finally, it will be necessary to determine how the heteroaggregation kinetics of nanoplastics impact their settling rate to truly understand nanoplastics' fate and effect in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9312909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to variation in dissolution behavior among different nanoforms and its implication for grouping approaches in inhalation toxicity [NanoImpact 23 (2021) 100341]","authors":"Johannes G. Keller ,&nbsp;Michael Persson ,&nbsp;Philipp Müller ,&nbsp;Lan Ma-Hock ,&nbsp;Kai Werle ,&nbsp;Josje Arts ,&nbsp;Robert Landsiedel ,&nbsp;Wendel Wohlleben","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10836799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nZnS vs. nZnO and ZnCl2 on mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] plant and Bradyrhizobium symbiosis: A life cycle study","authors":"Mala Thapa ,&nbsp;Raghunath Sadhukhan ,&nbsp;Abhishek Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Prasanta Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2022.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scarce of knowledge of using Zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) to augment plant growth, Zn availability to plants and its potential toxicity warrants more NPs–plant life cycle studies. The main objectives of this study were to compare nano zinc sulphide (nZnS) with nano zinc oxide (nZnO) and ionic Zn i.e., ZnCl₂, as a source of Zn, as well as to establish physiological impact of NPs on growth, yield and symbiosis of mungbean [<em>Vigna radiata</em> (L<em>.</em>) R. Wilczek] plants at different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg kg⁻¹ of soil). In this study, mungbean plants were grown for 60 days (life cycle study) in natural soil infested with <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>. Effects of Zn compounds (nZnS, nZnO and ZnCl₂) on plant height, dry biomass, number of nodules per plant, yield and fruit agronomical parameters along with micronutrient assessment were determined. Impact of Zn compounds on <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>–mungbean symbiosis was also unravelled. Results showed that both the NPs, (nZnS and nZnO) were more effective than ZnCl₂ in promoting growth and yield up to a critical concentration and above which phytotoxic effects were observed. Both the NPs were more effective than ZnCl₂ at increasing fruit Zn content also. Whereas, nZnS treatment was found to be better than nZnO in improving overall plant growth. <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>–mungbean symbiosis was not affected at lower NPs concentrations, while higher concentration revealed toxicity by damaging bacterial morphology and nodule formation. There was no nano specific toxicity found while, ZnCl₂ showed relatively more toxicity than both the NPs. The present investigation demonstrated the concept of nano-micronutrient as well as NPs phytotoxicity by understanding NPs–plant interactions in the soil environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of skin sensitization properties of few-layer graphene and graphene oxide through the Local Lymph Node Assay (OECD TG 442B)","authors":"Silvio Sosa ,&nbsp;Aurelia Tubaro ,&nbsp;Michela Carlin ,&nbsp;Cristina Ponti ,&nbsp;Ester Vázquez ,&nbsp;Maurizio Prato ,&nbsp;Marco Pelin","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skin contact is one of the most common exposure routes to graphene-based materials (GBMs) during their small-scale and industrial production or their use in technological applications. Nevertheless, toxic effects in humans by cutaneous exposure to GBMs remain largely unexplored, despite skin contact to other related materials has been associated with adverse effects. Hence, this <em>in vivo</em> study was carried out to evaluate the cutaneous effects of two GBMs, focusing on skin sensitization as a possible adverse outcome.</p><p>Skin sensitization by few-layer graphene (FLG) and graphene oxide (GO) was evaluated following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 442B (Local Lymph Node Assay; LLNA) measuring the proliferation of auricular lymph node cells during the induction phase of skin sensitization. Groups of four female CBA/JN mice (8–12 weeks) were daily exposed to FLG or GO through the dorsal skin of each ear (0.4–40 mg/mL, equal to 0.01–1.00 mg/ear) for 3 consecutive days, and proliferation of auricular lymph node cells was evaluated 3 days after the last treatment. During this period, no clinical signs of toxicity and no alterations in body weight and food or water consumptions were observed. In addition, no ear erythema or edema were recorded as signs of irritation or inflammation. Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in proliferating lymphocytes from ear lymph nodes (stimulation indexes &lt;1.6) and the histological analysis of ear tissues excluded sensitizing or irritant properties of these materials, while myeloperoxidase activity in ear biopsies confirmed no inflammatory cells infiltrate. On the whole, this study indicates the absence of sensitization and irritant potential of FLG and GO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First approach to assess the effects of nanoplastics on the soil species Folsomia candida: A mixture design with bisphenol A and diphenhydramine","authors":"Angela Barreto ,&nbsp;Joana Santos ,&nbsp;Lara Almeida ,&nbsp;Vítor Tavares ,&nbsp;Edgar Pinto ,&nbsp;Maria Celeiro ,&nbsp;Carmen Garcia-Jares ,&nbsp;Vera L. Maria","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The terrestrial environment is one of the main recipients of plastic waste. However, limited research has been performed on soil contamination by plastics and even less assessing the effects of nanoplastics (NPls). Behind the potential toxicity caused per se, NPls are recognized vectors of other environmental harmful contaminants. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to understand whether the toxicity of an industrial chemical (bisphenol A – BPA) and a pharmaceutical (diphenhydramine – DPH) changes in the presence of polystyrene NPls to the terrestrial invertebrate <em>Folsomia candida</em>. Assessed endpoints encompassed organismal (reproduction, survival and behavior) and biochemical (neurotransmission and oxidative stress) levels. BPA or DPH, 28 d single exposures (1 to 2000 mg/kg), induce no effect on organisms' survival. In terms of reproduction, the calculated EC50 (concentration that causes 50% of the effect) and determined LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) were higher than the environmental concentrations, showing that BPA or DPH single exposure may pose no threat to the terrestrial invertebrates. Survival and reproduction effects of BPA or DPH were independent on the presence of NPls. However, for avoidance behavior (48 h exposure), the effects of the tested mixtures (BPA + NPls and DPH + NPls) were dependent on the NPls concentration (at 0.015 mg/kg – interaction: no avoidance; at 600 mg/kg – no interaction: avoidance). Glutathione S-transferase activity increased after 28 d exposure to 100 mg/kg DPH + 0.015 mg/kg NPls (synergism). The increase of lipid peroxidation levels found after the exposure to 0.015 mg/kg NPls (a predicted environmental concentration) was not detected in the mixtures (antagonism). The results showed that the effects of the binary mixtures were dependent on the assessed endpoint and the tested concentrations. The findings of the present study show the ability of NPls to alter the effects of compounds with different natures and mechanisms of toxicity towards soil organisms, showing the importance of environmental risk assessment considering mixtures of contaminants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9366844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano- and microplastics: a comprehensive review on their exposure routes, translocation, and fate in humans","authors":"Anja F.R.M. Ramsperger ,&nbsp;Enrico Bergamaschi ,&nbsp;Marco Panizzolo ,&nbsp;Ivana Fenoglio ,&nbsp;Francesco Barbero ,&nbsp;Ruud Peters ,&nbsp;Anna Undas ,&nbsp;Sebastian Purker ,&nbsp;Bernd Giese ,&nbsp;Carina R. Lalyer ,&nbsp;Alba Tamargo ,&nbsp;M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Grossart ,&nbsp;Dana Kühnel ,&nbsp;Jana Dietrich ,&nbsp;Friedrich Paulsen ,&nbsp;Anani K. Afanou ,&nbsp;Shan Zienolddiny-Narui ,&nbsp;Stine Eriksen Hammer ,&nbsp;Torunn Kringlen Ervik ,&nbsp;Christian Laforsch","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contamination of the environment with nano-and microplastic particles (NMPs) and its putative adverse effects on organisms, ecosystems, and human health is gaining increasing scientific and public attention. Various studies show that NMPs occur abundantly within the environment, leading to a high likelihood of human exposure to NMPs. Here, different exposure scenarios can occur. The most notable exposure routes of NMPs into the human body are via the airways and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through inhalation or ingestion, but also via the skin due to the use of personal care products (PCPs) containing NMPs. Once NMPs have entered the human body, it is possible that they are translocated from the exposed organ to other body compartments. In our review article, we combine the current knowledge on the (1) exposure routes of NMPs to humans with the basic understanding of the potential (2) translocation mechanisms into human tissues and, consequently, their (3) fate within the human body. Regarding the (1) exposure routes, we reviewed the current knowledge on the occurrence of NMPs in food, beverages, personal care products and the air (focusing on indoors and workplaces) and found that the studies suggest an abundant presence of MPs within the exposure scenarios. The overall abundance of MPs in exposure matrices relevant to humans highlights the importance of understanding whether NMPs have the potential for tissue translocation. Therefore, we describe the current knowledge on the potential (2) translocation pathways of NMPs from the skin, GIT and respiratory systems to other body compartments. Here, particular attention was paid to how likely NMPs can translocate from the primary exposed organs to secondary organs due to naturally occurring defence mechanisms against tissue translocation. Based on the current understanding, we conclude that a dermal translocation of NMPs is rather unlikely. In contrast, small MPs and NPs can generally translocate from the GIT and respiratory system to other tissues. Thus, we reviewed the existing literature on the (3) fate of NMPs within the human body. Based on the current knowledge of the contamination of human exposure routes and the potential translocation mechanisms, we critically discuss the size of the detected particles reported in the fate studies. In some cases, the particles detected in human tissue samples exceed the size of a particle to overcome biological barriers allowing particle translocation into tissues. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of critically reading and discussing the presented results of NMP in human tissue samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9666998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of aerosolized particles in effluents from carbon fibre composites incorporating nanomaterials during simultaneous fire and impact","authors":"R. Chapple ,&nbsp;C. Chivas-Joly ,&nbsp;J.-C. Roux ,&nbsp;L. Dumazert ,&nbsp;L. Ferry ,&nbsp;J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta ,&nbsp;E.L. Erskine ,&nbsp;B.K. Kandola","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the aerosols emitted from carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composites (CFC) incorporating nanomaterials (nanoclays and nanotubes), subjected to simultaneous fire and impact, representing an aeroplane or automotive crash. Simultaneous fire and impact tests were performed using a previously described bespoke testing methodology with the capability to collect particles released from the front/back faces of the impacted composites plus the effluents. In this work the methodology has been further developed by connecting the Dekati Low Pressure Impactor (DLPI) and Mini Particle Sampler (MPS) sampling system in the extraction chimney. The aerosols emitted have been characterized using various devices devoted to the analysis of aerosols. The influence of the nanoadditives in the matrix on the number concentration and the size distribution of airborne particles produced, was studied with a cascade impactor in the 5 nm–10 μm range. The morphology of the separated soot fractions was examined by SEM. The measurement of aerodynamic size of particles that can deposit in human respiratory tract indicate that 75% of the soot and particles released from CFC could deposit in the lungs reaching the bronchi region at a minimum. There was however, a minimal difference between the number particle concentrations or particle-size mass distribution of particles from CFC and CFC containing nanoadditives. Moreover, no fibres were found in the effluents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9667014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apoplast utilisation of nanohaematite initiates parallel suppression of RIBA1 and FRO1&3 in Cucumis sativus","authors":"Amarjeet Singh ,&nbsp;Maria Gracheva ,&nbsp;Viktória Kovács Kis ,&nbsp;Áron Keresztes ,&nbsp;Máté Sági-Kazár ,&nbsp;Brigitta Müller ,&nbsp;Fruzsina Pankaczi ,&nbsp;Waqas Ahmad ,&nbsp;Krisztina Kovács ,&nbsp;Zoltán May ,&nbsp;Gyula Tolnai ,&nbsp;Zoltán Homonnay ,&nbsp;Ferenc Fodor ,&nbsp;Zoltán Klencsár ,&nbsp;Ádám Solti","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoscale Fe containing particles can penetrate the root apoplast. Nevertheless, cell wall size exclusion questions that for Fe mobilisation, a close contact between the membrane integrating FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE (FRO) enzymes and Fe containing particles is required. Haematite nanoparticle suspension, size of 10–20 nm, characterized by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, TEM, ICP and SAED was subjected to Fe utilisation by the flavin secreting model plant cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em>). Alterations in the structure and distribution of the particles were revealed by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, HRTEM and EDS element mapping. Biological utilisation of Fe resulted in a suppression of Fe deficiency responses (expression of <em>CsFRO 1, 2</em> &amp; <em>3</em> and <em>RIBOFLAVIN A1</em>; <em>CsRIBA1</em> genes and root ferric chelate reductase activity). Haematite nanoparticles were stacked in the middle lamella of the apoplast. Fe mobilisation is evidenced by the reduction in the particle size. Fe release from nanoparticles does not require a contact with the plasma membrane. Parallel suppression in the <em>CsFRO 1&amp;3</em> and <em>CsRIBA1</em> transcript amounts support that flavin biosynthesis is an inclusive Fe deficiency response involved in the reduction-based Fe utilisation of <em>Cucumis sativus</em> roots. CsFRO2 is suggested to play a role in the intracellular Fe homeostasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9312405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium nanomaterials improve the quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by modulating root growth, nutrient availability, and photosynthesis","authors":"Bingxu Cheng ,&nbsp;Chuanxi Wang ,&nbsp;Le Yue ,&nbsp;Feiran Chen ,&nbsp;Xuesong Cao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Lan ,&nbsp;Tianxi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macro- or micro-nutrients are essential for crop yield and nutritional quality. In this work, selenium engineering nanomaterials (Se ENMs, 0.5 mg‧kg⁻¹) significantly increased the yield and nutritional quality of lettuce, which was better than that of selenite (Na₂SeO₃). Under the treatment of Se ENMs, macro-nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were increased by 15.8%, 98.5%, 42.8%, 146.9%, and 62.5%, respectively, and micro-nutrients including manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were also increased by 87.4%, 78.0%, 61.1%, and 56.1%, respectively. As a result, the improved nutritional status of lettuce leaves increased photosynthesis (59.2%) and yield (37.6%). Root diameters and root tips of lettuce were increased by 23.9% and 18.6%, respectively, upon exposure to Se ENMs, which may be responsible for facilitating the absorption of macro and micro nutrients from the soil. These effects were significantly better than SeO₃²⁻ treated group. Metabolome results indicated that Se ENMs could improve the shikimic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine pathway, resulting in an enhancement of the beneficial compounds, including quercetin, rutin, and coumarin, by 2.9, 2.7, and 2.4-fold, respectively. Besides, pyruvic acid and TCA cycle were also improved by Se ENMs. These results provide new insight into the positive effect of Se ENMs on crop yield and nutritional quality, which demonstrate that the Se ENMs-enabled agriculture practices have a promising prospect as a sustainable crop strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9366843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of OECD TG 201, 202, 203 for the aquatic toxicity testing and assessment of 2D Graphene material nanoforms to meet regulatory needs","authors":"M. Connolly ,&nbsp;G. Moles ,&nbsp;F. Candotto Carniel ,&nbsp;M. Tretiach ,&nbsp;G. Caorsi ,&nbsp;E. Flahaut ,&nbsp;B. Soula ,&nbsp;E. Pinelli ,&nbsp;L. Gauthier ,&nbsp;F. Mouchet ,&nbsp;J.M. Navas","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2022.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tests using algae and/or cyanobacteria, invertebrates (crustaceans) and fish form the basic elements of an ecotoxicological assessment in a number of regulations, in particular for classification of a substance as hazardous or not to the aquatic environment according to the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS-CLP) (<span>GHS, 2022</span>) and the REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, <span>EC, 2006</span>). Standardised test guidelines (TGs) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are available to address the regulatory relevant endpoints of growth inhibition in algae and cyanobacteria (TG 201), acute toxicity to invertebrates (TG 202), and acute toxicity in fish (TG 203). Applying these existing OECD TGs for testing two dimensional (2D) graphene nanoforms may require more attention, additional considerations and/or adaptations of the protocols, because graphene materials are often problematic to test due to their unique attributes. In this review a critical analysis of all existing studies and approaches to testing used has been performed in order to comment on the current state of the science on testing and the overall ecotoxicity of 2D graphene materials. Focusing on the specific tests and available guidance's, a complete evaluation of aquatic toxicity testing for hazard classification of 2D graphene materials, as well as the use of alternative tests in an integrated approach to testing and assessment, has been made. This information is essential to ensure future assessments generate meaningful data that will fulfil regulatory requirements for the safe use of this “wonder” material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9366824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}