Extracellular polymeric substances altered the physicochemical properties of molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials to mitigate its toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris

IF 4.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Manman Cao , Donghong Yang , Fei Wang , Beihai Zhou , Huilun Chen , Rongfang Yuan , Ke Sun
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Abstract

Although the toxic effects of two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) have been widely reported, the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the environmental fate and risk of 2D-NMs in aquatic environments is largely unknown, and the processes and mechanisms involved remain to be revealed. Herein, we investigated the impact of EPS secreted by microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)) on the environmental transformation and risk of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). We found that the attachment of EPS increased the thickness of MoS2 (from 2 nm to 5 nm), changed it from a monolayer sheet to a fuzzy multilayer structure, and promoted the formation of defects on MoS2. The blue-shift of the peak associated with the plasmon resonances in the 1 T phase and the generation of electron-hole pairs suggested that EPS altered the surface electronic structure of MoS2. EPS interacted mainly with the S atoms on the 1 T phase, and the attachment of EPS promoted the oxidation of MoS2. The reduction in hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) and the decrease in zeta potential indicated that EPS inhibited the agglomeration behavior of MoS2 and enhanced its dispersion and stability in aqueous media. Notably, EPS reduced the generation of free radicals (superoxide anion (•O2), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH)). Furthermore, EPS mitigated the toxicity of MoS2 to C. vulgaris, such as attenuated reduction in biomass and chlorophyll content. Compared to pristine MoS2, MoS2 + BG11 + EPS exhibited weaker oxidative stress, membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. The adsorption of EPS on MoS2 surface reduced the attachment sites of MoS2, making MoS2 less likely to be enriched on the cell surface. The findings have significant contribution for understanding the interactions between EPS and MoS2 in aquatic ecosystems, providing scientific guidance for risk assessment of 2D-NMs.

Abstract Image

胞外聚合物改变了二硫化钼纳米材料的物理化学性质,以减轻其对小球藻的毒性。
尽管二维纳米材料(2D NMs)的毒性作用已被广泛报道,但胞外聚合物(EPS)对2D NMs在水生环境中的环境命运和风险的影响在很大程度上是未知的,其过程和机制仍有待揭示。在此,我们研究了微藻(小球藻(C.vulgaris))分泌的EPS对环境转化和二硫化钼(MoS2)风险的影响。我们发现EPS的附着增加了MoS2的厚度(从2nm增加到5nm),使其从单层片变为模糊的多层结构,并促进了MoS2上缺陷的形成。与1T相中的等离子体共振和电子-空穴对的产生相关的峰的蓝移表明EPS改变了MoS2的表面电子结构。EPS主要与1T相上的S原子相互作用,EPS的附着促进了MoS2的氧化。流体动力学直径(Dh)的减小和ζ电位的降低表明,EPS抑制了MoS2的团聚行为,增强了其在水性介质中的分散性和稳定性。值得注意的是,EPS减少了自由基(超氧阴离子(•O2-)、单线态氧(1O2)和羟基自由基(•OH-))的产生。此外,EPS减轻了MoS2对C.vulgaris的毒性,如生物量和叶绿素含量的减少。与原始MoS2相比,MoS2+BG11+EPS表现出较弱的氧化应激、膜损伤和脂质过氧化。EPS在MoS2表面的吸附减少了MoS2的附着位点,使MoS2不太可能在细胞表面富集。这些发现对理解水生生态系统中EPS和MoS2之间的相互作用具有重要贡献,为2D NMs的风险评估提供了科学指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
NanoImpact
NanoImpact Social Sciences-Safety Research
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.10%
发文量
69
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: NanoImpact is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on nanosafety research and areas related to the impacts of manufactured nanomaterials on human and environmental systems and the behavior of nanomaterials in these systems.
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