NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"The dispersion method does not affect the in vitro genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes despite inducing surface alterations","authors":"Michael J. Burgum ,&nbsp;Víctor Alcolea-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Hanna Saarelainen ,&nbsp;Raquel Portela ,&nbsp;Julián J. Reinosa ,&nbsp;José F. Fernández ,&nbsp;Verónica I. Dumit ,&nbsp;Julia Catalán ,&nbsp;Felice C. Simeone ,&nbsp;Lara Faccani ,&nbsp;Martin J.D. Clift ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Evans ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Bañares ,&nbsp;Shareen H. Doak","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a desirable class of high aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) owing to their extensive applications. Given their demand, the growing occupational and consumer exposure to these materials has warranted an extensive investigation into potential hazards they may pose towards human health. This study utilised both the <em>in vitro</em> mammalian cell gene mutation and the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assays to investigate genotoxicity in human lymphoblastoid (TK6) and 16HBE14o⁻ human lung epithelial cells, following exposure to NM-400 and NM-401 MWCNTs for 24 h. To evaluate the potential for secondary genotoxicity, the CBMN assay was applied on a co-culture of 16HBE14o⁻ with differentiated human monocytic (dTHP-1) cells. In addition, two dispersion methods (NanoGenoTox <em>vs.</em> high shear mixing) were utilised prior to exposures and in acellular experiments to assess the effects on MWCNT oxidative potential, aspect ratio and surface properties. These were characterized <em>in chemico</em> as well as by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Structural damage of NM-400 was observed following both dispersion approaches; Raman spectra highlighted greater oxidative transformation under probe sonication as opposed to high shear mixing. Despite the changes to the oxidative potential of the MWCNTs, no statistically significant genotoxicity was observed under the conditions applied. There was also no visible signs of cellular internaliation of NM-400 or NM-401 into either cell type under the test conditions, which may support the negative genotoxic response. Whilst these HARNs may have oxidative potential, cells have natural protective mechanisms for repairing transient DNA damage. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate biological endpoints which measure fixed DNA damage to account for the impact of DNA repair mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles - physicochemical characterization and cytotoxic risk","authors":"Filip Kunc ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Du ,&nbsp;Andre Zborowski ,&nbsp;Linda J. Johnston ,&nbsp;David C. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into numerous consumer products yet data as to potential adverse health effects remains inconclusive. In this paper we physically characterize 16 nanoforms of TiO₂ from different manufacturers of different size, crystalline structure and surface chemistry. Physical measurements of the particles were performed and compared with those provided by manufacturers revealing several discrepancies. We then examined the biological effects of these particles in cell culture in 3 commonly used cell lines for testing materials. We were unable to validate that anatase particles are more cytotoxic than rutile particles as has been reported, and generally found that the particles produced few effects and no significant production of reactive oxygen species under the conditions used. While some particles do exhibit a dose dependent cytotoxicity that increases over time in some cell lines, the effects were not consistent between cell lines and do not appear to be linked to crystalline structure or any of the specific physical characteristics that were measured including, size, charge and surface composition, nor a correlation with the production of reactive oxygen species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplastics in focus: Exploring interdisciplinary approaches and future directions","authors":"Julien Gigault ,&nbsp;Mélanie Davranche","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) are gaining increasing attention due to their widespread distribution and potential environmental and biological impacts. Spanning a variety of ecosystems – from soils and rivers to oceans and polar ice – NPs interact with complex biological and geochemical processes, posing risks to organisms across multiple trophic levels. Despite their growing presence, understanding the behavior, transport, and toxicity of nanoplastics remains challenging due to their diverse physical and chemical properties as well as the heterogeneity of environmental matrices. Currently, nanoplastics are often studied alongside microplastics as a single, homogeneous group, which obscures the nuanced behavior of NPs, particularly in terms of their colloidal properties and interactions within ecosystems. This perspective aims to highlight the critical gaps in nanoplastics research, stressing the importance for field studies and advanced detection/quantification methods to better capture their behavior across environmental interfaces. We advocate for a more integrated approach that account for the dynamic interactions between nanoplastics and surrounding biological, chemical, and physical environments, especially across key ecological gradients. Furthermore, long-term and transgenerational studies are essential to assess the chronic impacts of low-concentration nanoplastics exposure. Innovative and appropriate methodologies are needed to explore NP fate, transport, and toxicity in realistic environmental conditions. By combining advanced experimental tools, field studies, and ecological modeling frameworks, this paper outlines provides a roadmap for advancing our understanding of nanoplastics and their broader ecological impacts, ultimately shaping more effective environmental monitoring and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of polyglycolic acid and analogues on glycolipid metabolism and circadian behavior in zebrafish","authors":"Liang Wen ,&nbsp;Shuhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jialu Luan ,&nbsp;Tian Yin ,&nbsp;Xizeng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the past few years, new biodegradable polymers, such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA), have been promising materials to solve the remarkable environmental issue, of microplastics (MPs) pollution. In this research, the impacts of five MPs, including PGA, PLA, polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), were analyzed on zebrafish with different concentrations. We found that PGA and PLA at 1 mg/L did not have obvious effects on liver function, glucose level, and circadian rhythm in larvae. However, Exposure to PBS, PHA, and PBAT at 1 mg/L could cause mild pathological injury of the liver and decreased glucose levels. Furthermore, exposure to PBS, PHA, and PBAT at 100 mg/L caused abnormal early development and pathological injury of the liver, increased ALT and TG levels, as well as decreased glucose levels. The molecular explanation of this was the variational expression levels of genes related to many aspects of biochemical pathways, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, larvae exposed to PBS, PHA, and PBAT at 100 mg/L showed chaos in circadian behaviors, accompanied by the disturbed expression of clock genes. Overall, we observed a greater adverse effect of PBS, PHA, and PBAT relative to PLA and PGA when we compared the effects induced by five MPs at the same exposure concentration. Our study provided important data to evaluate the ecological risk of new biodegradable polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-sized polystyrene plastics toxicity: Necroptosis pathway caused by autophagy blockade and lysosomal dysfunction","authors":"Haiyan Wu ,&nbsp;Runqiu Cai ,&nbsp;Chaoyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yifei Yang ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Zhongling Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianyu Bai ,&nbsp;Xuejiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Qingyi Song ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Huihui Bao ,&nbsp;Tianlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent detection of nano-sized plastic particles in humans, animals, and animal-derived products underscores the potential impact of these particles on living organisms. Consequently, the toxicology of such particles has emerged as a pivotal research interests in recent years. In this study, NP was synthesized successfully with an average particle size of 100 nm using a emulsion polymerization method as model particles. Following co-incubation of IEC-6 cells with NP for 24–168 h, a notable inhibition of cell viability and proliferation was observed. The significant activation of autophagy and a concomitant blockage of autophagic flux in IEC-6 cells after 24–72 h of co-incubation with NP were unveiled by transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and double-fluorescent autophagy analysis. A significant increase in the number of lysosomes and an increase in the expression of hydrolase CTSB were detected, indicating dysregulation of lysosomal function. The subsequent transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses, coupled with the observation of activated lysosomes and the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL/PYGL pathway, led us to posit that the blockade of autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction, culminating in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) induced necroptosis, constitutes one of the mechanisms contributing to the cytotoxicity of NP.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>The cytotoxicity and its related mechanisms of nano-plastic is still unclear. This study found that nano-plastics may induce necroptosis in cells, and autophagy blockade and lysosomal dysfunction are prodromal manifestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of short-term microplastic exposure on female reproductive function: A rat model study","authors":"Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Xiong ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term effects of microplastics (MPs) exposure have been demonstrated to impair reproductive function. However, in real world, the exposure level of MP is not constant and it may vary in different individuals. This study aims to evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to MPs on ovarian and endometrial function in rat models. Serum steroid hormone concentrations and the expression of ovarian steroid hormone receptor were disturbed. We found that as MPs exposure concentration increased, thickness of the endometrial glandular epithelial layer and the number of endometrial glands decreased; the number of primordial follicles decreased, while the numbers of primary and secondary oocytes significantly increased, indicating a potential oocyte overactivation. Although short-term MP exposure appears to not influence embryo implantation and hormone functions, the results of this study highlight the potential of MPs to disrupt reproductive health in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano versus bulk: Evaluating the toxicity of lanthanum, yttrium, and cerium oxides on Enchytraeus crypticus","authors":"Joana Santos ,&nbsp;Inês Neca ,&nbsp;Ana Capitão ,&nbsp;João Nogueira ,&nbsp;José A.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Edgar Pinto ,&nbsp;Angela Barreto ,&nbsp;Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva ,&nbsp;Vera L. Maria","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the increase in demand for rare earth elements (REEs) and their accumulation in soil ecosystems, it is crucial to understand their toxicity. However, the impact of lanthanum, yttrium and cerium oxides (La₂O₃, Y₂O₃ and CeO₂, respectively) on soil organisms remains insufficiently studied. This study aims to unravel the effects of La₂O₃, Y₂O₃ and CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) and their corresponding bulk forms (0, 156, 313, 625, 1250 and 2500 mg/kg) on the terrestrial species <em>Enchytraeus crypticus</em>. The effects on survival, reproduction (21 days (d)), avoidance behavior (2 d) and DNA integrity (2 and 7 d) of <em>E. crypticus</em> were evaluated. No significant effects on survival were observed. For La₂O₃, the bulk form affected more endpoints than the NPs, inducing avoidance behavior (1250 mg/kg) and DNA damage (1250 mg/kg - 2 d; 2500 mg/kg - 7 d). The Y₂O₃ NPs demonstrated higher toxicity than the bulk form: decreased reproduction (≥ 1250 mg/kg); induced avoidance behavior (≥ 625 mg/kg) and DNA damage (≥ 156 mg/kg - 2 d; 2500 mg/kg - 7 d). For CeO₂, both forms exhibited similar toxicity, decreasing reproduction (625 mg/kg for bulk and 2500 mg/kg for NPs) and inducing DNA damage at all tested concentrations for both forms. REEs oxides toxicity was influenced by the REEs type and concentration, exposure time and material form, suggesting different modes of action. This study highlights the distinct responses of <em>E. crypticus</em> after exposure to REEs oxides and shows that REEs exposure may differently affect soil organisms, emphasizing the importance of risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A catalytic perspective to nanomaterials reactivity-based toxicity; implications for single- and multiple-component nanomaterials (nanocomposites)","authors":"Miguel A. Bañares,&nbsp;Victor Alcolea-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Raquel Portela","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extended use of a given product normally precedes concerns about it. The reactivity-based nanotoxicity is a major concern that must be tackled from its fundamental understanding to its regulatory management. Moreover, concepts and ideas must seamlessly flow between relevant performers. Functional nanomaterials have been used in many fields; among these, catalysis is probably the earliest more extended application of nanomaterials, these are engineered to afford specific properties, and are typically known as Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs). Heterogenous catalysis shares its basic features with reactivity-based toxicity. In both cases, we are dealing with phenomena triggered by reactions occurring at the surface of the nanomaterial. Therefore, the extensive knowledge in heterogeneous catalysis is key to understanding reactivity-based nanotoxicology. In this regard, determining surface exposure is fundamental to mechanistically comprehend dose-response, similar to how catalysis shifted from mass-based to surface-centered metrics. Catalysis science made a further refinement iteration: reactions occur at surfaces, though not all surfaces are necessarily reactive, making it crucial to normalize per reactive site. This perspective focuses on two key aspects that link heterogeneous catalysis and reactivity-based nanotoxicity: the reactive sites on the surface of nanomaterials and how different combinations of nanomaterials appear and perform. A comment is also made regarding the somewhat vague term <em>‘multicomponent nanomaterial</em>,’ which is contrasted with the well-defined, established, and widely accepted term <em>‘nanocomposite’</em> within the chemical community. Clear and precise terminology and concepts are essential for effective research and regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory preparedness for multicomponent nanomaterials: Current state, gaps and challenges of REACH","authors":"Neil Hunt ,&nbsp;Vikram Kestens ,&nbsp;Kirsten Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Elena Badetti ,&nbsp;Lya G. Soeteman-Hernández ,&nbsp;Agnes G. Oomen ,&nbsp;Willie Peijnenburg ,&nbsp;Danail Hristozov ,&nbsp;Hubert Rauscher","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2018 the European Commission adopted revisions to the Annexes of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) to introduce nanomaterial-specific clarifications and provisions. Multicomponent nanomaterial (MCNM) is a non-regulatory term that has been used in recent EU-funded projects to describe nanomaterials with a complex structure and/or composition and which are expected to be increasingly used in products in the near future. This paper examines the regulatory preparedness of REACH, and its revised Annexes, for MCNMs. Several situations have been identified where there is potential confusion and uncertainty around how regulatory definitions used in REACH should be applied to MCNMs. If a MCNM cannot be identified as falling within a specific definition, understanding the regulatory obligations that apply to it is very difficult. Examples of these grey areas include how the term “surface functionalisation or modification” applies when a chemical is physisorbed to the surface of a nanoform, and the identity of the substance that should be registered when the modification takes it outside the definition of a nanoform. We conclude that the regulatory preparedness can be improved by amending the REACH guidance on information requirements for nanoforms and revising the definition of “nanoform” in line with the updated EC Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-nanoscale polystyrene co-exposure impacts the uptake and translocation of arsenic and boscalid by lettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"Trung Huu Bui ,&nbsp;Nubia Zuverza-Mena ,&nbsp;Emilie Kendrick ,&nbsp;Carlos Tamez ,&nbsp;Manavi Yadav ,&nbsp;Sarah Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Christian Dimkpa ,&nbsp;Glen DeLoid ,&nbsp;Omowunmi Sadik ,&nbsp;Philip Demokritou ,&nbsp;Jason C. White","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) on the fate and effects of other pollutants present in the environment is largely unknown. This study evaluated if the root exposure to MNPs (polystyrene, PS; 20 or 1000 nm) had an impact on the accumulation of arsenic and boscalid (As and Bos) in lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>). Under hydroponic conditions, plants were co-exposed to MNPs at 10 or 50 mg/L, and to 1 mg/L of each environmental pollutant (EP). For soil-like media, plants were exposed to MNPs at 50 and EPs at 10 mg/kg. Phytotoxicity was enhanced by PS under both growth conditions, particularly by nanoscale PS (nPS), although impacts were less in potting mix-grown plants. Nanoscale PS had a greater impact than microscale PS (μPS) on As fate; the As translocation factor from roots to the edible shoots was increased 3-fold in plants exposed to nPS (50 mg/L) and EPs. PS dose and size had a variable impact on Bos uptake and translocation. Fluorescent microscopy analysis of lettuce co-exposed to MNPs and EPs suggests that nPS is entering the roots and translocating to the leaves, while μPS mostly remains in the roots. Pyrolysis-GC/MS showed that in solid media, the presence of EPs significantly increased the translocation of nPS to lettuce shoots from 4.43 ± 0.53 to 46.6 ± 9.7 mg/kg, while the concentration of μPS in the shoots remained the same regardless of the presence of EPs (ranging between 13.2 ± 5.5 to 14.2 ± 4.1 mg/kg). These findings demonstrate that co-exposure of MNPs with other EPs can significantly impact co-contaminant accumulation and toxicity, presenting an unknown risk to humans and other receptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}