NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the biological effects of environmentally relevant pharmaceutical-loaded real-life polypropylene microplastics in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Mohamed Alaraby, Marta Balsamo, Doaa Abass, Elham Farghal Elkady, Arnau Rocabert, Mohammad Hamdan, Maria Chiara Mistretta, Roberto Scaffaro, Alba García-Rodríguez, Ricard Marcos, Alba Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2026.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the adsorption of pharmaceuticals by microplastics (MPLs) may reduce environmental contaminant concentrations, their effects on bioavailability and biological toxicity following ingestion remain poorly studied. To mimic environmentally relevant exposure, environmentally relevant polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPLs) derived from post-consumer plastic products (real-life) were used as carriers for the pharmaceuticals paracetamol (PCM) and ciprofloxacin (CFX), using Drosophila larvae in vivo model. Free PCM and CFX were tested at concentrations equivalent to their respective adsorption loadings on PP-MPLs (0.03% and 0.02% w/w, respectively), enabling direct comparison under environmentally realistic conditions. PP-MPLs, with or without adsorbed pharmaceuticals, retained their irregular morphology and heterogeneous size distribution, representing an environmentally relevant mixture of micro- and nanoscale particles. Following oral exposure, PP-MPLs, either alone or carrying adsorbed pharmaceuticals, sequentially traversed the intestinal barrier penetrating the peritrophic membrane, accumulating within enterocytes, and ultimately reaching hemolymph. Particle exposure induced extensive enterocyte vacuolation, significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggered targeted gene-expression changes involving antioxidant, immune, detoxification, and stress-response pathways, while genes associated with digestive function were consistently deregulated. Despite elevated oxidative stress, PP-MPLs did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, free PCM induced significant mitochondrial depolarization without increasing ROS, whereas this effect was abolished following adsorption onto PP-MPLs, potentially due to reduced bioavailability. Moreover, pharmaceutical-loaded PP-MPLs did not elicit additive molecular toxicity compared with PP-MPLs alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":" ","pages":"100648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro toxicity evaluation of dextran-functionalized graphene oxide nanoplatelets in human epidermal melanocytes from different skin phototypes","authors":"Shilpi Goenka,&nbsp;Jimmy Toussaint","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dextran-functionalized graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONP-Dex) have demonstrated potential for use in diagnostic imaging and as MRI contrast agents, however, their toxicology on human exposure needs to be carefully assessed. To date, no study has explored their effects on human melanocytes, which are melanin-producing cells conferring multiple biological benefits in the skin, ears, eyes, hair, oral cavity, and brain. GONP-Dex (6.25–100 μg/mL) was examined for cytotoxicity on melanocytes from lightly pigmented (LP) and darkly pigmented (DP) human skin for a 48-h duration by trypan blue exclusion assay and Alamar Blue assay, while the cellular membrane integrity was tested using LDH assay. GONP-Dex impaired metabolic activity of LP and DP cells without lowering cell counts. LP and DP cells exposed to GONP-Dex showed higher cellular melanin in the absence of any alteration of cellular tyrosinase activity. However, GONP-Dex showed a concentration-dependent suppression of melanogenic differentiation; both dendrite numbers and lengths were inhibited in LP and DP cells, with a greater susceptibility in DP cells, indicative of the capacity of GONP-Dex to impair melanin export function. GONP-Dex induced oxidative stress in LP and DP cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowering mitochondrial membrane polarization (MMP), and augmenting nitrite production. Together, our novel results demonstrate a proof-of-principle study into the melanocytotoxic impact of GONP-Dex. Future studies to examine the cytotoxic effects of GONP-Dex using a physiological cell model consisting of melanocyte and keratinocyte coculture and a 3D skin tissue equivalent will help in further validating cytotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodistribution and elemental co-localisation of europium-doped nanoplastics in Daphnia magna revealed by synchrotron-based nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence imaging","authors":"Rega Permana,&nbsp;Bashiru Ibrahim,&nbsp;Tajudeen A. Oyehan,&nbsp;Miguel A. Gomez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Christian Pfrang,&nbsp;Eugenia Valsami-Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastic (NPl) particles are increasingly found in aquatic environments due to the long-term degradation of mismanaged plastic waste, and their uptake and accumulation in aquatic organisms are progressively reported. However, their biodistribution and spatial association with biologically relevant elements after ingestion remain poorly understood. In this study, europium-doped polystyrene NPls (Eu-doped NPls) were used as model particles to investigate their spatial distribution in <em>Daphnia magna,</em> a representative freshwater organism, using synchrotron-based nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF). <em>Daphnia magna</em> neonates (&lt;24 h old) were exposed to 5–20 mg L⁻¹ Eu-doped NPls for 48 h and by using Eu as the tracer, their biodistribution was mapped using nano-XRF at multiple resolutions. No mortality was observed during exposure, although body length was significantly reduced relative to the control under all tested conditions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated fluorescence also increased significantly at 10 and 20 mg L⁻¹, indicating an organism-level oxidative-stress response at higher exposure concentrations. Toxicokinetic analysis revealed rapid uptake and efficient depuration, yielding a low bioconcentration factor (BCF = 0.982 L g⁻¹). Two-dimensional nano-XRF maps showed that most Eu-associated signals were localised within gut-associated regions and spatially co-occurred with endogenous elements including Fe, Ca and K. Eu-derived signal metrics increased with external exposure concentration, with broader distribution at lower concentration and more pronounced hotspot formation at higher concentrations. ROI-based co-localisation analysis showed increasing spatial association between Eu and endogenous elements, particularly Fe, suggesting that Eu-associated signals were spatially structured within gut-associated elemental microenvironments rather than uniformly distributed. This study demonstrates that Eu-doped NPls combined with ICP-MS and synchrotron nano-XRF provide a complementary element-specific framework for linking quantitative body-burden analysis with spatially resolved biodistribution in aquatic organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium nanoparticles modulate gut-brain axis via NRF2 to attenuate Parkinsonian neurotoxicity","authors":"Suganiya Umapathy,&nbsp;Abinash Ravi,&nbsp;Ieshita Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and impaired gut-brain communication. Here, we report a biogenic selenium nanoparticle (Se-NP) platform derived from mussel tissue and demonstrate its nano-enabled neuroprotective efficacy in a rotenone-induced zebrafish model of Parkinsonian neurotoxicity. Selenium was extracted from the tissue of <em>Perna viridis</em> (mussel) and used for the biogenic synthesis of Se-NPs through a green reduction approach under controlled conditions. The mussel-derived Se-NPs exhibited high redox-buffering capacity, enabling efficient attenuation of rotenone-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide accumulation. Se-NP treatment preserved dopaminergic neuronal architecture, reduced microglial activation, and maintained gut epithelial integrity, indicating coordinated neuro-intestinal protection. Mechanistically, Se-NPs activated NRF2-driven antioxidant signaling through upregulation of NFE2L2a and HMOX1a and suppression of KEAP1a, thereby restoring endogenous antioxidant defences. At the neurovascular interface, Se-NPs enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins Claudin-5a and ZO-1, linking redox regulation to barrier stabilization. Notably, Se-NPs restored dopaminergic gene expression, modulated inflammatory signaling pathways, and normalized gut-associated microbial markers, thereby supporting nano-mediated regulation of the gut-brain axis. Collectively, this study establishes biogenic Se-NPs as a multifunctional nanotherapeutic that integrates antioxidant signaling, neurovascular protection, and gut-brain axis modulation to counteract rotenone-induced neurodegeneration, highlighting their potential as a nano-enabled strategy for PD intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to graphene: A pilot study combining workplace sampling with in vitro pulmonary toxicity assessment","authors":"Jasreen Kaur,&nbsp;Tobias Storsjö,&nbsp;Karin Danielsson,&nbsp;Anne Farbrot,&nbsp;Britta Andres,&nbsp;Bengt Fadeel,&nbsp;Håkan Tinnerberg","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene is increasingly produced and utilized in industrial applications, raising concerns regarding occupational exposure and associated health risks. While numerous toxicological studies have investigated the hazard potential of laboratory-produced graphene, relatively little is known about exposure to airborne graphene particles in actual workplace environments or the toxicity of samples collected in the workplace. In the present study, we combined occupational exposure assessment in a graphene production facility with <em>in vitro</em> toxicological evaluation of graphene samples produced by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite <em>versus</em> particulate matter collected in the same production facility. Workplace air sampling was performed using stationary and personal samplers and particulate matter was collected for elemental carbon (EC) analysis, Raman microscopy-spectroscopy, and toxicological testing using human lung cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B). Personal EC concentrations ranged from 3 to 484 μg/m³, with the highest exposure levels observed during graphite powder handling. Raman analysis confirmed the presence of graphene in the collected samples. Toxicological assessments showed that samples collected in the workplace did not elicit cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations while dispersions of as-produced graphene evoked a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. Overall, this pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of combining occupational exposure measurements with toxicological testing of real-world samples and suggests that airborne materials collected during graphene production exhibit low hazard potential in human lung cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic structure governs biological fate: Multi-scale computational nanotoxicology of TiO₂ nanoparticles across polymorphs, morphologies, and sizes","authors":"Valentín Diez-Cabanes,&nbsp;Sergio de-la-Huerta-Sainz,&nbsp;Alberto Gutierrez-Vega,&nbsp;Sonia Martel,&nbsp;Natalia Fernández-Pampín,&nbsp;Carlos Rumbo,&nbsp;Pedro A. Marcos,&nbsp;Alfredo Bol,&nbsp;Domenico Marson,&nbsp;Erik Laurini,&nbsp;Santiago Aparicio","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100644","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are among the most widely produced engineered nanomaterials, yet a mechanistic understanding of how their physicochemical properties govern biological interactions remains incomplete. Here we present an integrated, multi-scale computational workflow for the mechanistic in silico characterization of TiO₂ NPs spanning two crystallographic polymorphs (anatase and rutile) and four morphology classes (bipyramidal, cuboctahedral, spherical and amorphous), across a systematic size series of approximately 1–3 nm. At the quantum-mechanical level, density functional theory (DFT) calculations characterize the electronic structure, surface energetics and reactive-site distribution of each nanoparticle. These intrinsic descriptors are linked to mechanistic bio-interaction endpoints through three complementary approaches: (i) molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations against a curated panel of 98 proteins (97 of them human), mapping the NP–protein binding landscape for individual proteins in isolation, which informs but does not by itself determine protein-corona composition; (ii) COSMO-RS-based thermodynamic modelling of nanoparticle–lipid bilayer interactions to estimate passive membrane permeability; and (iii) explicit all-atom MD simulations of NP interactions with two model cell-membrane systems, representing human keratinocytes and the rainbow-trout gill cell line RTgill-W1. Quantitative cross-tier analysis shows that these endpoints are not redundant: docking affinity and predicted membrane permeability are statistically independent across the nanoparticles common to both tiers (Spearman ρ = +0.03, &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 6), whereas particle size correlates strongly with both docking affinity (ρ = −0.77, &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 10, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.009) and permeability (ρ = −0.83, &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 6, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.042). The most robust structure–activity signal is morphological: faceted particles (bipyramidal, cuboctahedral, rutile) and rounded particles (spherical, amorphous) are completely separated in predicted permeability (mean log P − 5.8 versus +1.3; Mann–Whitney U = 0, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.036). A complementary nano-SAR classification model built on 61 curated literature cytotoxicity records retains predictive performance under publication- and material-grouped cross-validation (AUC-ROC 0.83 versus 0.87 for random splits) and passes y-randomization, but its applicability domain is narrow and is defined explicitly here. We present this workflow as a tool for mechanistic interpretation and early-stage hazard prioritization rather than as a validated, regulatory-grade hazard-assessment platform: protein adsorption, membrane association and changes in membrane properties are mechanistic descriptors and are not equivalent to toxicity, and the framework has not yet been externally validated against experimental data. Used with these limitations in mind, it can support the hazard-screening component of Safe-","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic footprint of microplastics and nanoplastics: From environmental exposure to metabolic diseases","authors":"Shuang Zhao,&nbsp;Huifang Guan,&nbsp;Zepeng Zhang,&nbsp;Jiarui Li,&nbsp;Chuanxi Tian,&nbsp;Xiao Sun,&nbsp;Mingda Han,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangyan Li,&nbsp;Min Li","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics and Nanoplastics (MPs/NPs), as emerging environmental pollutants, are characterized by their resistance to degradation, high mobility, and strong adsorption capacity. They are widely distributed across global environments and enter the human body through multiple pathways, where they interfere with metabolic health. This review introduces the concept of “metabolic footprint” to systematically analyze the environmental behavior of MPs/NPs, human exposure routes, and the associations between MPs/NPs, metabolic pathways, and metabolic diseases. MPs/NPs can induce energy metabolism disorders, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation through mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of gut microbiota balance, and interference with hepatic lipid metabolism, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In addition, MPs/NPs of different particle sizes exert distinct pathological effects through size-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, as carriers of environmental pollutants, MPs/NPs can produce synergistic toxicity. There is an urgent need to establish comprehensive monitoring systems for MPs/NPs, develop effective intervention strategies, and conduct in-depth studies on their long-term health impacts, thereby providing a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant public health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and tire wear particles in aquatic environment: A comparative review on generation, characteristics and environmental behavior","authors":"Wenlong Zhang,&nbsp;Tengyue Zhang,&nbsp;Dan Shao,&nbsp;Jie Han,&nbsp;Hongjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tire wear particles (TWPs), produced by friction between tire tread and road surface, are one of the largest sources of microplastics (MPs). TWPs and conventional MPs both pose potential threats to the aquatic ecosystems and attract substantial interest. However, current reviews predominantly concentrate on conventional MPs, overlooking the critical distinctions or connections between MPs and TWPs. Here we review the contrasts between the physicochemical properties and environmental behavior of MPs and TWPs. It provides a comprehensive summary of commonly employed laboratory characterization methods for these particles, alongside an analysis of disparities in detection methodologies. Furthermore, the review delves into discrepancies between MPs and TWPs with respect to aging processes, toxic substance leaching, pollutant adsorption/desorption behavior. The diverse environmental factors and their underlying influencing mechanisms are also reviewed in detail. It is evidenced that TWPs exhibits special characteristics in the risks of all MPs types. Fortunately, most of the methodologies for both MPs and TWPs can be referenced or can be mutually optimized. We call for greater attention to the special challenges posed by TWPs and advocate for the establishment of a comprehensive methodological framework based on the well-developed research system for MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary effect of 2D MXenes in mice: Immune cell responses and disrupted hematopoiesis","authors":"Gang Tang,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Jiexia Cheng,&nbsp;Ziniu Wang,&nbsp;Guangxuan Wang,&nbsp;Jianbo Shi,&nbsp;Jonathan W.C. Wong,&nbsp;Jie Gao,&nbsp;Dou Wang,&nbsp;Guohao Zhang,&nbsp;Li Zeng,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang,&nbsp;Guangbo Qu,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>V₂C is a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbide (MXene) with rapidly expanding applications in energy, sensor, electronic information, and biomedicine. However, compared with Ti₃C₂, its health risk assessment remains inconclusive, posing a potential constraint on its further application. In this study, we examined immune and hematopoietic alterations in adult mice following pulmonary exposure to V₂C nanosheets (NSs) on days 1 and 7, using Ti₃C₂ NSs as a reference. Exposure to V₂C NSs induced a sustained elevation of neutrophils in the blood, lung, and bone marrow. This response differed markedly from the transient neutrophil increase followed by monocyte-mediated resolution observed with Ti₃C₂ NSs. Both MXenes upregulated <em>G-csf</em> in lung to activate emergency granulopoiesis, associated with reduced lung granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) but expanded bone-marrow GMPs on day 1. By day 7, this effect persisted in V₂C NSs, whereas Ti₃C₂ NSs increased lung GMPs as <em>G-csf</em> returned to baseline and selectively induced <em>Mcp-1</em> and modulated <em>Il-1β</em>, thereby promoting monocyte recruitment and regulating myelopoiesis. Compared with the <em>in vitro</em> high biocompatibility of Ti₃C₂ NSs, V₂C NSs exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity and elevated reactive oxygen species. Our study implied that V₂C NSs demonstrated higher pulmonary immunotoxicity <em>via</em> persistent, neutrophil-driven inflammation due to the different chemical composition and biological activity from Ti₃C₂ NSs. This emphasized the need for tailored safety evaluations in the development and application of emerging nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation dynamics of silver nanoparticles: A comparative study across particle sizes and phytoplankton species","authors":"Inés Segovia-Campos,&nbsp;Arin Kantarciyan,&nbsp;Vera I. Slaveykova","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2026.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), widely used in consumer products, are inevitably released into aquatic environments. In the water column, AgNPs undergo physicochemical transformations, notably oxidative dissolution, releasing ionic silver (Ag⁺). Both nanoparticulate and ionic Ag species can be toxic to phytoplankton, primarily through bioaccumulation. However, the mechanisms governing Ag bioaccumulation remain poorly understood due to the coexistence of multiple Ag forms and particle sizes, as well as the structural diversity across phytoplankton communities.</div><div>In this study, we employed a recently proposed methodology to investigate the interactions of Ag⁺ and AgNPs (5 and 20 nm) with two freshwater phytoplankton species exhibiting distinct cellular architectures: the green alga <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> and the diatom <em>Cyclotella meneghiniana</em>. Bioaccumulation and adsorption kinetics varied with Ag form, particle size, and cellular architecture. Rapid Ag bioaccumulation was observed during exposure to Ag⁺, whereas accumulation under AgNP exposure was more gradual and sustained. Smaller nanoparticles (5 nm) resulted in higher Ag bioaccumulation in both organisms, with greater dissolution and stronger cell adsorption compared to 20 nm AgNPs.</div><div>The diatom exhibited higher uptake rates and Ag association than the green alga, consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. AgNPs were embedded in the frustule and detected within cellular compartments of <em>C. meneghiniana</em>, while, in <em>C. reinhardtii,</em> they were mainly observed as aggregates outside the cells, associated with the cell wall and palmelloid envelope. We demonstrate that Ag bioaccumulation is strongly influenced by silver speciation, particle size, and cellular architecture, highlighting the need to integrate these factors in environmental risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}