NanoImpact最新文献

{"title":"Life-cycle risk assessment of graphene-enabled textiles in fire protection gear","authors":"James D. Ede ,&nbsp;Ana S. Diges ,&nbsp;Yueyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jo Anne Shatkin","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A nanomaterial life-cycle risk assessment (Nano LCRA) of a graphene-enabled textile used in the construction of heat and fire-resistant personal protective equipment (PPE) was conducted to develop, analyze, and prioritize potential occupational, health and environmental risks. The analysis identifies potential receptors and exposure pathways at each product life-cycle stage and makes a qualitative evaluation of the potential significance of each scenario. A literature review, quality evaluation, and database were developed as part of the LCRA to identify potential hazards associated with graphene-based materials (GBMs) throughout the product life-cycle. Generally, risks identified from graphene-enabled textiles were low. Of the developed exposure scenarios, occupational inhalation exposures during raw material and product manufacturing ranked highest. The analysis identifies the key potential human and environmental hazards and exposures of the products across the product life-cycle of graphene enabled textiles. Priority research gaps to reduce uncertainty include evaluating long-term, low dose graphene exposures typical of the workplace, as well as the potential release and hazard characterization of graphene-acrylic nanocomposites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and their potential toxicological outcomes: State of science, knowledge gaps and research needs","authors":"Zhenning Yang ,&nbsp;Glen M. DeLoid ,&nbsp;Helmut Zarbl ,&nbsp;Joshua Baw ,&nbsp;Philip Demokritou","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic waste has been produced at a rapidly growing rate over the past several decades. The environmental impacts of plastic waste on marine and terrestrial ecosystems have been recognized for years. Recently, researchers found that micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), micron (100 nm – 5 mm) and nanometer (1 – 100 nm) scale particles and fibers produced by degradation and fragmentation of plastic waste in the environment, have become an important emerging environmental and food chain contaminant with uncertain consequences for human health. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent findings from studies of potential toxicity and adverse health impacts of MNPs in terrestrial mammals, including studies in both in vitro cellular and in vivo mammalian models. Also reviewed here are recently released biomonitoring studies that have characterized the bioaccumulation, biodistribution, and excretion of MNPs in humans. The majority MNPs in the environment to which humans are most likely to be exposed, are of irregular shapes, varied sizes, and mixed compositions, and are defined as secondary MNPs. However, the MNPs used in most toxicity studies to date were commercially available primary MNPs of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and other polymers. The emerging in vitro and in vivo evidence reviewed here suggests that MNP toxicity and bioactivity are largely determined by MNP particle physico-chemical characteristics, including size, shape, polymer type, and surface properties. For human exposure, MNPs have been identified in human blood, urine, feces, and placenta, which pose potential health risks. The evidence to date suggests that the mechanisms underlying MNP toxicity at the cellular level are primarily driven by oxidative stress. Nonetheless, large knowledge gaps in our understanding of MNP toxicity and the potential health impacts of MNP exposures still exist and much further study is needed to bridge those gaps. This includes human population exposure studies to determine the environmentally relevant MNP polymers and exposure concentrations and durations for toxicity studies, as well as toxicity studies employing environmentally relevant MNPs, with surface chemistries and other physico-chemical properties consistent with MNP particles in the environment. It is especially important to obtain comprehensive toxicological data for these MNPs to understand the range and extent of potential adverse impacts of microplastic pollutants on humans and other organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular polymeric substances altered the physicochemical properties of molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials to mitigate its toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"Manman Cao ,&nbsp;Donghong Yang ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Beihai Zhou ,&nbsp;Huilun Chen ,&nbsp;Rongfang Yuan ,&nbsp;Ke Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although the toxic effects of two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D-NMs) have been widely reported, the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the environmental fate and risk of 2D-NMs in aquatic environments is largely unknown, and the processes and mechanisms involved remain to be revealed. Herein, we investigated the impact of EPS secreted by microalgae (<em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>)) on the environmental transformation and risk of molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). We found that the attachment of EPS increased the thickness of MoS₂ (from 2 nm to 5 nm), changed it from a monolayer sheet to a fuzzy multilayer structure, and promoted the formation of defects on MoS₂. The blue-shift of the peak associated with the plasmon resonances in the 1 T phase and the generation of electron-hole pairs suggested that EPS altered the surface electronic structure of MoS₂. EPS interacted mainly with the S atoms on the 1 T phase, and the attachment of EPS promoted the oxidation of MoS₂. The reduction in hydrodynamic diameter (<em>D</em>_h) and the decrease in zeta potential indicated that EPS inhibited the agglomeration behavior of MoS₂ and enhanced its dispersion and stability in aqueous media. Notably, EPS reduced the generation of free radicals (superoxide anion (•O₂⁻), singlet oxygen (¹O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH⁻)). Furthermore, EPS mitigated the toxicity of MoS₂ to <em>C. vulgaris</em>, such as attenuated reduction in biomass and chlorophyll content. Compared to pristine MoS₂, MoS₂ + BG11 + EPS exhibited weaker oxidative stress, membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. The adsorption of EPS on MoS₂ surface reduced the attachment sites of MoS₂, making MoS₂ less likely to be enriched on the cell surface. The findings have significant contribution for understanding the interactions between EPS and MoS₂ in aquatic ecosystems, providing scientific guidance for risk assessment of 2D-NMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic transfer of nanomaterials and their effects on high-trophic-level predators","authors":"Fei Dang ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yingnan Huang ,&nbsp;Yujun Wang ,&nbsp;Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Nanotechnology offers great opportunities for numerous sectors in society. One important challenge in sustainable nanotechnology is the potential of trophic transfer of nanomaterials<span><span> (NMs), which may lead to unintentional impacts on environmental and human health. Here, we highlight the key advances that have been made in recent 15 years with respect to trophic transfer of heterogeneous NMs, including metal-based NMs, carbon-based NMs and nanoplastics, across various aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Particle number-based trophic transfer factors (TTFs), rather than the variable mass-based TTFs, capture the particle-specific transfer, for which NMs exhibit dynamic and complex </span>biotransformation (e.g., dissolution, </span></span>sulfidation, reduction, and corona formation). Trophic transfer of NMs has toxicological significance to predators at molecular (e.g., increased </span>oxidative stress and modified metabolites), physiological (e.g., feeding inhibition) and population (e.g., reproduction inhibition) levels. However, linking NM exposure and toxicity remains a challenge, partly due to the dynamic biotransformation along the food chain. Although NMs have been used to increase crop yield in agriculture, they can exert detrimental impacts on crop yield and modify crop quality, depending on NMs type, exposure dose, and crop species, with unknown consequences to human health via crop consumption. Given this information, we describe the challenges and opportunities in understanding the significance of NMs trophic transfer to develop more sustainable, effective and safer nanotechnology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138295540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A roadmap to strengthen standardisation efforts in risk governance of nanotechnology","authors":"Kirsten Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Eric A.J. Bleeker ,&nbsp;James Baker ,&nbsp;Jacques Bouillard ,&nbsp;Wouter Fransman ,&nbsp;Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch ,&nbsp;Susanne Resch ,&nbsp;Jacques-Aurélien Sergent ,&nbsp;Lya G. Soeteman-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Blanca Suarez-Merino ,&nbsp;Andrea Porcari","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A roadmap was developed to strengthen standardisation activities for risk governance of nanotechnology. Its baseline is the available standardised and harmonised methods for nanotechnology developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In order to identify improvements and needs for new themes in standardisation work, an analysis of the state-of-the-art concepts and interpretations of risk governance of nanotechnology was performed. Eleven overall areas of action were identified, each including a subset of specific topics. Themes addressed include physical chemical characterisation, assessment of hazard, exposure, risk and socio-economic factors, as well as education &amp; training and social dialogue. This has been visualised in a standardisation roadmap spanning a timeframe of ten years and including key outcomes and highlights of the analysis. Furthermore, the roadmap indicates potential areas of action for harmonisation and standardisation (H&amp;S) for nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It also includes an evaluation of the current level (limited, moderate, intense) of ongoing H&amp;S activities and indicates the time horizon for the different areas of action. As the identified areas differ in their state of development, the number and type of actions varied widely amongst the different actions towards achieving standardisation. Thus, priority areas were also identified. The overall objective of these actions is to strengthen risk governance towards a safe use of nanomaterials and nano-related products. Though not explicitly addressed, risk-based legislation and policies are supported via the proposed H&amp;S actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41125033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of released nanomaterials from carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites during environmental exposure and mechanical treatment","authors":"Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;David G. Goodwin Jr. ,&nbsp;Lipiin Sung ,&nbsp;Girish Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Jiajie Cen ,&nbsp;Elijah J. Petersen ,&nbsp;Alexander Orlov","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanomaterials exhibiting high thermal and electrical conductivities, significant stiffness, and high tensile strength. As a result, CNTs have been utilized as additives to enhance properties of various polymeric materials in a broad range of fields. In this study, we investigated the release of CNTs from CNT epoxy nanocomposites exposed to environmental weathering and mechanical stresses. The presence and amount of CNTs released from degraded polymer nanocomposites is important because CNTs can impact physiological systems in humans and environmental organisms. The weathering experiments in this study included nanocomposite exposure to both UV and a water spray, to simulate sunlight and rain exposure, whereas mechanical stresses were induced by shaking and ultrasonication. CNT release from epoxy nanocomposites was quantified by a ¹⁴C-labeling method that enabled measurement of the CNT release rates after different weathering and mechanical treatments. In this study, a sample oxidizer was used prior to liquid scintillation counting, because it was shown to reduce interferences from the presence of polymeric materials and achieve a high recovery (95%). Polymer nanocomposite degradation was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy. A continuous release of ¹⁴C-labeled nanomaterials was observed after each UV and simulated rain exposure period, with 0.23% (mass/mass) of the total embedded mass of CNTs being released from the CNT nanocomposite during the full weathering process, suggesting that the water spray induced sufficient mechanical stress to eliminate the protective effect of the surface agglomerated CNT network. Importantly, additional mechanical stresses imposed on the weathered nanocomposites by shaking and ultrasonication resulted in further release of approximately 0.27% (mass /mass).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41117804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a real food matrix and in vitro digestion on properties and acute toxicity of polystyrene microparticles","authors":"Nazım Sergen Mısırlı ,&nbsp;Wittaya Pimtong ,&nbsp;Siwapech Sillapaprayoon ,&nbsp;Varissara Chantho ,&nbsp;Rattaporn Saenmuangchin ,&nbsp;Sasitorn Aueviriyavit ,&nbsp;Fahriye Ceyda Dudak","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although it is proved that humans ingest microplastics <em>via</em> food, and microplastics were found in human tissues, blood and feces, there needs to be more data on the properties and health-related effects of plastic particles that interact with food and undergo digestion. This study aimed to examine the impact of a real food matrix, milk, on the behavior and gastrointestinal fate of polystyrene microparticles (PSMP). In the presence of the food matrix, the net negative ζ-potential values of PSMP (diameter size of 1.823 μm) decreased significantly due to the formation of the corona, mostly consisting of α and β-casein fragments. Protein corona profiles and morphologies of particles incubated with whole and skim milk were found to be similar, and the protein profiles were completely altered after <em>in vitro</em> digestion simulation. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> toxicity studies showed that neither bare PSMP nor food-interacted PSMP pose acute toxicity on the Caco-2 cell line and zebrafish embryos under the chosen experimental conditions. In summary, these results may contribute to a better understanding of changes that microplastics undergo in foods. Further studies on repeated exposure or chronic toxicity are needed to fully reveal the effect of food matrix on microplastic toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European nanomaterial legislation in the past 20 years – Closing the final gaps","authors":"Maria Bille Nielsen,&nbsp;Lars Skjolding,&nbsp;Anders Baun,&nbsp;Steffen Foss Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2004, the potential societal implications related to nanotechnology were highlighted in an influential report by the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RS &amp; RAE). It was made clear that legislation is an important tool to tackle the challenges related to nanomaterials and a list of recommendations were put forward. Shortly after, the European Commission also proposed a list of recommendations on how to handle nanomaterial challenges and adopted the so-called “incremental approach”, describing that current legislations should be adapted, where relevant, to handle nanomaterials. Now almost 20 years have passed and it seems relevant to take stock and investigate how legislations have been adapted to tackle nano-specific challenges. In this review, we analyze key pieces of European legislations relevant to nanomaterials and assess to what extent these legislations compare with the original recommendations from 2004 by the RS &amp; RAE and the European Commission. We uncover the cross-cutting challenges that remain and provide recommendations on next steps that should be taken to address the risks of nanomaterials. For each recommendation, we assessed whether it was met to a high, medium or low degree by conducting targeted literature searches at Web of Science, screening legislations, guidance documents, databases etc., and applying expert judgement. We found that &gt;90% of the recommendations put forward in 2004 by the RS &amp; RAE and the European Commission have been either met to a high degree (13 out of 29) or met to a medium degree (14 out of 29). This suggests important advancements in the field of nanosafety. At the same time, it is important to address the concerns still left partly or fully unsolved. Such efforts entail e.g. further development of measuring instruments and standardised characterization and risk assessment methods for nanomaterials, application of a uniform nanomaterial definition, maximization of containment of free nanomaterials until hazards assessed/handled and elimination/minimisation of unintentional nanomaterial emission. Furthermore, we recommend prioritising future efforts to ensure enforcement and implementation of existing nano-specific provisions, as well as revision, where needed, of legislations that currently do not account for nanomaterials, such as the Waste Framework Directive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41205342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palladium-doped and undoped polystyrene nanoplastics in a chronic toxicity test for higher plants: Impact on soil, plants and ammonium oxidizing bacteria","authors":"Martin Hoppe ,&nbsp;Jan Köser ,&nbsp;Georg Scheeder ,&nbsp;Axel Lamparter ,&nbsp;Kristof Dorau ,&nbsp;Lena Grüger ,&nbsp;Georg Dierkes ,&nbsp;Karsten Schlich","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a lack of knowledge about the fate and impact of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), as well as their potential uptake and impact on plants and microorganisms. The predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of frequent polymers in soils are low, and therefore, difficult to detect with the available techniques, which explains the knowledge gaps. Therefore, model particles (polystyrene particles (PS-P), 343 nm) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticle-doped polystyrene particles (PS-Pd-PS-P, 442 nm) were synthesized, characterized, and subsequently applied to agricultural soils (Cambisol, Podzol, PS target contents: 25 mg kg⁻¹, 75 mg kg⁻¹, 225 mg kg⁻¹). A combination of different techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC–MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to characterize the particles in the dispersions, soils and plants. The spiked soils were applied to a chronical plant toxicity test with oat (<em>Avena sativa</em>). The applied particle contents could be recovered from both soils by ICP-MS (Pd, 89% - 99%), and Pyr-GC–MS (PS, 73% - 120%). Moreover, non-aggregated particles in soils and on oat roots were visualized through SEM. The ratio obtained for the Pd contents in oat roots to that in the Cambisol (2.2–2.7) and the Podzol (2.3–2.6) implied that particles accumulated on the root surface or in the roots. No Pd was detected in the oat shoots, which indicated that no translocation occurred from the roots to the shoots. Despite particle accumulation at or in the roots, no clear effects on plant growth were observed. Furthermore, the soil microorganisms (Podzol) and the soil water repellency (Cambisol, Podzol) showed no clear monotone concentration-response relationship after exposure to PS-P and PS-Pd-PS-P. The findings are complex and illustrate the urgent need for further sophisticated experimental studies to elucidate the impacts of NPs on physicochemical soil function, plants, and soil organisms. The model PS-P doped with Pd nanoparticles significantly enhanced the development and validation of methods for investigating MPs and NPs in environmental matrices, highlighting their considerable potential for further studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release and toxicity assessment of carbon nanomaterial reinforced polymers during the use and end-of-life phases: A comparative review","authors":"Daina Romeo,&nbsp;Pietro Clement,&nbsp;Peter Wick","doi":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.impact.2023.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research on carbon-based nanomaterial (C-NM) composites has increased in the last two decades. This family of functional materials shows outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and are being used in a variety of applications. An important challenge remains before C-NM can be fully integrated in our production industries and our lives: to assess the release of debris during production, use, and misuse of composites and the effect they may have on the environment and on human health. During their lifecycle, composites materials can be subjected to a variety of stresses which may release particles from the macroscopic range to the nanoscale. In this review, the release of debris due to abrasion, weathering and combustion as well as their toxicity is evaluated for the three most used C-NM: Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-related materials. The goal is to stimulate a Safe-By-Design approach by guiding the selection of carbon nano-fillers for specific applications based of safety and performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18786,"journal":{"name":"NanoImpact","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}