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Astronomical image denoising by self-supervised deep learning and restoration processes
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z
Tie Liu, Yuhui Quan, Yingna Su, Yang Guo, Shu Liu, Haisheng Ji, Qi Hao, Yulong Gao, Yuxia Liu, Yikang Wang, Wenqing Sun, Mingde Ding
{"title":"Astronomical image denoising by self-supervised deep learning and restoration processes","authors":"Tie Liu, Yuhui Quan, Yingna Su, Yang Guo, Shu Liu, Haisheng Ji, Qi Hao, Yulong Gao, Yuxia Liu, Yikang Wang, Wenqing Sun, Mingde Ding","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Image denoising based on deep learning has undergone significant advances in recent years. However, existing deep learning methods lack quantitative control of the deviation or error of denoised images. The neural network Self2Self was designed to denoise single images. It is trained on single images and then denoises them, although training is costly. In this work, we explore training Self2Self on an astronomical image and denoising other images of the same kind, a process that is also suitable for quickly denoising immense images in astronomy. To address the deviation issue, the abnormal pixels whose deviation exceeds a predefined threshold are restored to their initial values. The noise reduction is due to training, denoising and restoring and is, therefore, named the TDR method. With the TDR method, the noise level of solar magnetograms improved from about 8 to 2 G. Furthermore, the TDR method was applied to galaxy images from the Hubble Space Telescope, making weak galaxy structures much clearer. This capability of enhancing weak signals makes the TDR method applicable to various disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Packing a punch with paper packages
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02501-1
{"title":"Packing a punch with paper packages","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02501-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02501-1","url":null,"abstract":"The submission of multiple research articles in a coordinated way — a paper ‘package’ — offers benefits that are more than the sum of the parts. We welcome proposals for such packages, to potentially be published solely in Nature Astronomy or spread across the Nature Portfolio.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"175-175"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02501-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ribbons of dust in a supernova glow
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02494-x
Lindsay Oldham
{"title":"Ribbons of dust in a supernova glow","authors":"Lindsay Oldham","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02494-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02494-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"182-182"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrons fuelling chorus waves
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02499-6
Bishwanath Gaire
{"title":"Electrons fuelling chorus waves","authors":"Bishwanath Gaire","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02499-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02499-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"179-179"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coeval star formation in ultra diffuse galaxies
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02495-w
Lindsay Oldham
{"title":"Coeval star formation in ultra diffuse galaxies","authors":"Lindsay Oldham","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02495-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02495-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"176-176"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lithium in white dwarfs from the Big Bang
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02496-9
Bokyoung Kim
{"title":"Lithium in white dwarfs from the Big Bang","authors":"Bokyoung Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02496-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02496-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"177-177"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enigmatic ice leaves cold trail
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02498-7
Paul Woods
{"title":"Enigmatic ice leaves cold trail","authors":"Paul Woods","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02498-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02498-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"178-178"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into supermassive black hole mergers from the gravitational wave background
IF 12.9 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02482-1
C. M. F. Mingarelli, L. Blecha, T. Bogdanović, M. Charisi, S. Chen, A. Escala, B. Goncharov, M. J. Graham, S. Komossa, S. T. McWilliams, D. A. Schwartz, J. Zrake
{"title":"Insights into supermassive black hole mergers from the gravitational wave background","authors":"C. M. F. Mingarelli,&nbsp;L. Blecha,&nbsp;T. Bogdanović,&nbsp;M. Charisi,&nbsp;S. Chen,&nbsp;A. Escala,&nbsp;B. Goncharov,&nbsp;M. J. Graham,&nbsp;S. Komossa,&nbsp;S. T. McWilliams,&nbsp;D. A. Schwartz,&nbsp;J. Zrake","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02482-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02482-1","url":null,"abstract":"At the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, participants of the rapid response workshop on the gravitational wave background explored discrepancies between experimental results and theoretical models for a background originating from supermassive black hole binary mergers. Underestimated theoretical and/or experimental uncertainties are likely to be the explanation. Another key focus was the wide variety of search methods for supermassive black hole binaries, with the conclusion that the most compelling detections would involve systems exhibiting both electromagnetic and gravitational wave signatures.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurements of dust reveal the magnetic field in a protoplanetary disk
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-024-02455-w
{"title":"Measurements of dust reveal the magnetic field in a protoplanetary disk","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02455-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02455-w","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of polarized thermal emission from dust grains in the protoplanetary disk around the HD 142527 protostar suggest that in part of the disk the polarization is caused by the magnetic field. The strength and structure of this magnetic field are deduced from these observations using a modelling approach.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observationally derived magnetic field strength and 3D components in the HD 142527 disk
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-024-02454-x
Satoshi Ohashi, Takayuki Muto, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Akimasa Kataoka, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Munetake Momose, Misato Fukagawa, Nami Sakai
{"title":"Observationally derived magnetic field strength and 3D components in the HD 142527 disk","authors":"Satoshi Ohashi, Takayuki Muto, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Akimasa Kataoka, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Munetake Momose, Misato Fukagawa, Nami Sakai","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02454-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02454-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks around young stars play an important role in disk evolution and planet formation. Measuring the polarized thermal emission from magnetically aligned grains is a reliable method for tracing magnetic fields. However, it has been difficult to observe magnetic fields from dust polarization in protoplanetary disks because other polarization mechanisms involving grown dust grains become efficient. Here we report multi-wavelength (0.87, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.7 mm) observations of polarized thermal emission in the protoplanetary disk around HD 142527, which shows a lopsided dust distribution. We revealed that smaller dust particles still exhibit magnetic alignment in the southern part of the disk. Furthermore, angular offsets between the observed magnetic field and the disk azimuthal direction were discovered. These offsets can be used to measure the relative strengths of each component of a three-dimensional magnetic field (radial (<i>B</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>), azimuthal (<i>B</i><sub><i>ϕ</i></sub>) and vertical (<i>B</i><sub><i>z</i></sub>)). Applying this method, we derived the magnetic field around a 200 au radius from the protostar as <span>∣</span><i>B</i><sub><i>r</i></sub><span>∣</span>:<span>∣</span><i>B</i><sub><i>ϕ</i></sub><span>∣</span>:<span>∣</span><i>B</i><sub><i>z</i></sub><span>∣</span> ≈ 0.26:1:0.23 with a strength of ~0.3 mG. Our observations provide some key parameters of magnetic activities, including the plasma beta, which has had to be assumed in theoretical studies. In addition, the radial and vertical angular momentum transfers were found to be comparable, which poses a challenge to theoretical studies of protoplanetary disks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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