Nature Astronomy最新文献

Incorporation of model accuracy in gravitational wave Bayesian inference 引力波贝叶斯推理中模型精度的结合

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02579-7

Charlie Hoy, Sarp Akçay, Jake Mac Uilliam, Jonathan E. Thompson

{"title":"Incorporation of model accuracy in gravitational wave Bayesian inference","authors":"Charlie Hoy, Sarp Akçay, Jake Mac Uilliam, Jonathan E. Thompson","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02579-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02579-7","url":null,"abstract":"Inferring the properties of colliding black holes from gravitational wave observations is subject to systematic errors arising from modelling uncertainties. Although the accuracy of each model can be calculated through comparison to theoretical expectations from general relativity, Bayesian analyses are yet to incorporate this information. As such, a mixture model is typically used where results obtained with different gravitational wave models are combined with either equal weight or based on their relative Bayesian evidence. In this work we present a new method for incorporating the accuracy of several models into gravitational wave Bayesian analyses. By analysing simulated gravitational wave signals in zero noise, we show that our technique uses 30% less computational resources and more faithfully recovers the true parameters than existing techniques. We further apply our method to a real gravitational wave signal and, when assuming the binary black hole hypothesis, demonstrated that the source of GW191109_010717 has unequal component masses, with a 69% probability for the primary being above the maximum black hole mass from stellar collapse. We envisage that this method will become an essential tool for ground-based gravitational wave astronomy.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disk 一个年轻的气体巨星和隐藏在原行星盘中的子结构

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02576-w

Álvaro Ribas, Miguel Vioque, Francesco Zagaria, Cristiano Longarini, Enrique Macías, Cathie J. Clarke, Sebastián Pérez, John Carpenter, Nicolás Cuello, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo

{"title":"A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disk","authors":"Álvaro Ribas, Miguel Vioque, Francesco Zagaria, Cristiano Longarini, Enrique Macías, Cathie J. Clarke, Sebastián Pérez, John Carpenter, Nicolás Cuello, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02576-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02576-w","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of planets in protoplanetary disks has proven to be extremely challenging. By contrast, rings and gaps, usually attributed to planet–disk interactions, have been found in virtually every large protoplanetary (Class II) disk observed at 0.9–1.3 mm with sufficient spatial resolution (5 au). The nearby disk around MP Mus (PDS 66) stands as an exception to this rule, and its advanced age (7–10 Myr) is particularly difficult to reconcile with its apparent lack of substructures. Despite the disk’s smooth appearance, Gaia data of MP Mus show a significant proper motion anomaly, signalling the presence of a companion. Here we present ALMA 3-mm observations of the system with high spatial resolution comparable to previous 1.3-mm data. The new observations pierce deeper into the disk midplane and reveal an inner cavity (<3 au) and a ring at 10 au. The disk structure inferred from ALMA observations narrows down the properties of the companion to a gas giant orbiting at 1–3 au, and hydrodynamic simulations further confirm that such a planet can produce the observed cavity. These independent pieces of evidence constitute an indirect but compelling detection of an exoplanet within a protoplanetary disk using Gaia astrometry. The detection of dust substructures in MP Mus, thanks to the lower optical depths at longer wavelengths, suggests that rings and gaps are even more abundant than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A solar C/O ratio in planet-forming gas at 1 au in a highly irradiated disk 在一个高度辐射的圆盘上，在1au处形成行星的气体中的太阳C/O比率

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02596-6

Ilane Schroetter, Olivier Berné, Emeric Bron, Felipe Alarcon, Paul Amiot, Edwin A. Bergin, Christiaan Boersma, Jan Cami, Gavin A. L. Coleman, Emmanuel Dartois, Asuncion Fuente, Javier R. Goicoechea, Emilie Habart, Thomas J. Haworth, Christine Joblin, Le Petit Franck, Takashi Onaka, Els Peeters, Markus Rölling, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Marion Zannese

{"title":"A solar C/O ratio in planet-forming gas at 1 au in a highly irradiated disk","authors":"Ilane Schroetter, Olivier Berné, Emeric Bron, Felipe Alarcon, Paul Amiot, Edwin A. Bergin, Christiaan Boersma, Jan Cami, Gavin A. L. Coleman, Emmanuel Dartois, Asuncion Fuente, Javier R. Goicoechea, Emilie Habart, Thomas J. Haworth, Christine Joblin, Le Petit Franck, Takashi Onaka, Els Peeters, Markus Rölling, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Marion Zannese","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02596-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02596-6","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical composition of exoplanets is thought to be influenced by the composition of the disks in which they form. JWST observations have unveiled a variety of chemical species in numerous nearby disks, which show substantial variations in the C/O abundance ratio. However, little is known about the composition and C/O ratio of disks around young stars in clusters exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation from nearby massive stars, which are representative of the environments where most planetary systems form, including ours. Here we present JWST spectroscopy of d203-504, a young 0.7 M⊙ star in the Orion nebula with a 30 au disk irradiated by nearby massive stars. These observations reveal spectroscopic signatures of CO, H2O, CH3+ and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Water and CO are detected in absorption in the inner disk (r ≲ 1 au), where the estimated gas-phase C/O ratio is 0.48, consistent with the solar value and that of the Orion nebula. By contrast, CH3+ and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found in the extended surface layers of the disk. These results suggest that gas in the inner disk is chemically shielded from ultraviolet radiation, whereas the surface layers of the disk experience ultraviolet-induced chemistry, potentially depleting their carbon content.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"668 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery and dynamics of a Sedna-like object with a perihelion of 66 au 发现一颗近日点为66天文单位的类塞德娜天体及其动力学

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02595-7

Ying-Tung Chen, Patryk Sofia Lykawka, Yukun Huang, JJ Kavelaars, Wesley C. Fraser, Michele T. Bannister, Shiang-Yu Wang, Chan-Kao Chang, Matthew J. Lehner, Fumi Yoshida, Brett Gladman, Mike Alexandersen, Edward Ashton, Young-Jun Choi, A. Paula Granados Contreras, Takashi Ito, Youngmin JeongAhn, Jianghui Ji, Myung-Jin Kim, Samantha M. Lawler, Jian Li, Zhong-Yi Lin, Hong-Kyu Moon, Surhud More, Marco Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Keiji Ohtsuki, Lowell Peltier, Rosemary E. Pike, Tsuyoshi Terai, Seitaro Urakawa, Hui Zhang, Haibin Zhao, Ji-Lin Zhou

{"title":"Discovery and dynamics of a Sedna-like object with a perihelion of 66 au","authors":"Ying-Tung Chen, Patryk Sofia Lykawka, Yukun Huang, JJ Kavelaars, Wesley C. Fraser, Michele T. Bannister, Shiang-Yu Wang, Chan-Kao Chang, Matthew J. Lehner, Fumi Yoshida, Brett Gladman, Mike Alexandersen, Edward Ashton, Young-Jun Choi, A. Paula Granados Contreras, Takashi Ito, Youngmin JeongAhn, Jianghui Ji, Myung-Jin Kim, Samantha M. Lawler, Jian Li, Zhong-Yi Lin, Hong-Kyu Moon, Surhud More, Marco Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Keiji Ohtsuki, Lowell Peltier, Rosemary E. Pike, Tsuyoshi Terai, Seitaro Urakawa, Hui Zhang, Haibin Zhao, Ji-Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02595-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02595-7","url":null,"abstract":"Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large perihelion distances (q > 60 au) and semi-major axes (a > 200 au) provide insights into the early evolution of the Solar System and the existence of a hypothetical distant planet. These objects are challenging to observe, and thus their detections are still rare, yet they play a crucial role in constraining models of Solar System formation. Here we report the discovery of a Sedna-like TNO, 2023 KQ14, nicknamed ‘Ammonite’, with q = 66 au, a = 252 au and inclination i = 11°. The orbit of Ammonite does not align with those of the other Sedna-like objects and fills the previously unexplained ‘q-gap’ in the observed distribution of distant Solar System objects. Simulations demonstrate that Ammonite is dynamically stable over 4.5 Gyr. Our analysis suggests that Ammonite and the other Sedna-like objects may have shared a primordial orbital clustering around 4.2 Ga. Furthermore, the stable orbit of Ammonite favours larger orbits (~500 au) rather than closer ones for a large hypothetical planet in present-day trans-Neptunian space.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peering beyond radio flashes with multi-messenger insight into FRB engines 透过无线电闪光，透过多信使洞察快速射电暴引擎

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02611-w

Mohit Bhardwaj, Maura McLaughlin

引用次数: 0

How to prepare competitive proposals and job applications 如何准备有竞争力的建议书和工作申请

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02593-9

Johan H. Knapen, Henri M. J. Boffin, Nushkia Chamba, Natashya Chamba

引用次数: 0

Kinematic distortions of the high-redshift Universe as seen from quasar proper motions 从类星体固有运动观察到的高红移宇宙的运动学畸变

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02591-x

Valeri Makarov

{"title":"Kinematic distortions of the high-redshift Universe as seen from quasar proper motions","authors":"Valeri Makarov","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02591-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02591-x","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in optical astrometry allow us to infer the non-radial kinematic structure of the Universe directly from observations. Here I use a supervised machine learning neural network method to predict 1.57 million redshifts based on several photometric and metadata classifier parameters from the unWISE mid-infrared database and from Gaia. These estimates are used to divide the sample into three redshift bins: 1–2, 2–3 and >3. For each subset, all available Gaia proper motions are used in a global vector spherical harmonic solution to degree 3 (30 fitting vector functions). I find significant differences in a few fitted proper motion patterns at different redshifts. The largest signals are seen in the comparison of the vector spherical harmonic fits for the 1–2 and 2–3 redshift bins. The significant harmonics include a rigid spin, a dipole glide from the north Galactic pole to the south and an additional quadrupole distortion. Validation tests with filtered subsamples indicate that the detected effect can be caused by hidden systematic errors in astrometry. The results are verified by using an independent source of redshifts and computing the observer’s Galactocentric acceleration. This study offers a new observational test of alternative cosmological models.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new class of rocky exoplanets? 一类新的岩石系外行星？

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02607-6

Renyu Hu

引用次数: 0

Earth-like planets prefer circles 类地行星更喜欢圆形

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02608-5

Ji-Wei Xie

引用次数: 0

Calcium in a supernova remnant as a fingerprint of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion 超新星遗迹中的钙作为次钱德拉塞卡质量爆炸的指纹

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02589-5

Priyam Das, Ivo R. Seitenzahl, Ashley J. Ruiter, Friedrich K. Röpke, Rüdiger Pakmor, Frédéric P. A. Vogt, Christine E. Collins, Parviz Ghavamian, Stuart A. Sim, Brian J. Williams, Stefan Taubenberger, J. Martin Laming, Janette Suherli, Ralph Sutherland, Nicolás Rodríguez-Segovia

{"title":"Calcium in a supernova remnant as a fingerprint of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion","authors":"Priyam Das, Ivo R. Seitenzahl, Ashley J. Ruiter, Friedrich K. Röpke, Rüdiger Pakmor, Frédéric P. A. Vogt, Christine E. Collins, Parviz Ghavamian, Stuart A. Sim, Brian J. Williams, Stefan Taubenberger, J. Martin Laming, Janette Suherli, Ralph Sutherland, Nicolás Rodríguez-Segovia","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02589-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02589-5","url":null,"abstract":"Type Ia supernovae play a fundamental role as cosmological probes of dark energy and produce more than half of the iron in our Galaxy. Despite their central importance, a comprehensive understanding of their progenitor systems and triggering mechanism is still a long-standing fundamental problem. Here we present high-resolution integral field spectroscopic observations of the young supernova remnant SNR 0509-67.5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We uncover a double-shell morphology of highly ionized calcium [Ca XV] and a single shell of sulphur [S XII], observed in the reverse shocked ejecta. Our analysis reveals that the outer calcium shell originates from the helium detonation at the base of the outer envelope, while the inner shell is associated with the carbon–oxygen core detonation. This morphological distribution of intermediate-mass elements agrees qualitatively with the predicted signature of the double detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf from a hydrodynamical explosion simulation. Our observations reveal two distinct, spatially separated peaks in surface brightness of [Ca XV] from the supernova remnant phase, providing substantial evidence that sub-Chandrasekhar-mass explosions through the double-detonation mechanism could occur in nature. They also highlight the importance of remnant tomography in understanding explosion mechanisms from the remnant phase.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0