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A mini-TRAPPIST-1 system around Barnard’s Star
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02543-5
Luca Maltagliati
{"title":"A mini-TRAPPIST-1 system around Barnard’s Star","authors":"Luca Maltagliati","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02543-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02543-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Barnard’s Star is one of the closest and most studied M dwarfs, and various attempts have been undertaken to determine whether it hosts planets. Despite these efforts, the first exoplanetary detection came only in 2024 by radial velocity data from the ESPRESSO spectrograph on the VLT (J. I. González Hernández et al. <i>Astron. Astrophys</i>. <b>690</b>, A79; 2024). The same study found three other unconfirmed signals. Armed with this knowledge, Ritvik Basant and colleagues revisited the system.</p><p>The authors analyse data obtained by another spectrograph, MAROON-X at Gemini North, first separately then jointly with the ESPRESSO data, allowing the detection of radial velocity signals less than 50 cm s<sup>–1</sup>. They confirm the presence of four planets in a very compact configuration: the innermost planet has a period of 2.34 days and the outermost one of 6.74 days. Remarkably, all have very small minimum masses, between 0.19 and 0.34 <i>M</i><sub><span>⊕</span></sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demographics of the inner Milky Way
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02544-4
Bokyoung Kim
{"title":"Demographics of the inner Milky Way","authors":"Bokyoung Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02544-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02544-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stellar demographics of the central Milky Way have remained somewhat unclear due to observational challenges posed by high interstellar extinction. To provide a comprehensive picture of this region, Danny Horta Darrington, Michael Petersen and Jorge Peñarrubia have conducted a population study of metal-rich red giants ([Fe/H] &gt; –0.8) in the inner Galaxy (<i>r</i> &lt; 5 kpc) from APOGEE and Gaia DR3. They identified three populations co-existing spatially: inner disk stars, the bar, and a spheroidal ‘knot’, suggesting a close connection between the inner Galaxy and the Galactic bar.</p><p>While these populations are statistically distinct in the dynamic distribution, they share similar chemical composition and age characteristics, suggesting a common star formation history. The ‘knot’, composed of old stars with a spheroidal distribution, resembles most characteristics of a classical bulge, except for its broad metallicity range from –0.8 to super-solar metallicity. The authors suggest that this discrepancy could arise from a different formation pathway for the ‘knot’: secular evolution. This is the mechanism believed to have formed the Milky Way bar; as opposed to the major merger pathway, which is hypothesized to give rise to a classical bulge.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solar heating and atmospheric filtering bias the meteorite record
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02527-5
{"title":"Solar heating and atmospheric filtering bias the meteorite record","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02527-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02527-5","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of nearly 8,000 impact observations indicates that the objects most likely to reach the Earth’s surface have experienced substantial thermal stress during close solar encounters. Around half of the remaining objects are then removed by the atmosphere, resulting in a filtered subset of material in the meteoritic collection.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perihelion history and atmospheric survival as primary drivers of the Earth’s meteorite record
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02526-6
Patrick M. Shober, Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix, Jeremie Vaubaillon, Simon Anghel, Sophie E. Deam, Eleanor K. Sansom, Francois Colas, Brigitte Zanda, Pierre Vernazza, Phil Bland
{"title":"Perihelion history and atmospheric survival as primary drivers of the Earth’s meteorite record","authors":"Patrick M. Shober, Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix, Jeremie Vaubaillon, Simon Anghel, Sophie E. Deam, Eleanor K. Sansom, Francois Colas, Brigitte Zanda, Pierre Vernazza, Phil Bland","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02526-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02526-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Models predict that more than half of all impacting meteoroids should be carbonaceous, reflecting the abundance of carbon-rich asteroids in the main belt and near-Earth space. Yet carbonaceous chondrites represent only about 4% of meteorites recovered worldwide. Here we analyse 7,982 meteoroid impacts and 540 potential meteorite falls from 19 global observation networks and demonstrate that intense thermal stress at low perihelion distances coupled with the filtering effect of Earth’s atmosphere explains this mismatch. Meteoroids repeatedly subjected to intense thermal cycling near the Sun fracture and weaken, removing the most friable objects even before atmospheric entry. Our data also show that tidally disrupted meteoroid streams produce especially fragile fragments that rarely survive to the ground. Consequently, compact, higher-strength, thermally cycled bodies dominate the meteorite record. These findings reconcile the predicted carbonaceous flux with its scarcity in collections, underscoring how orbital evolution and atmospheric filtering shape the materials that reach Earth’s surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery of extreme quasi-periodic eruptions in a newly accreting massive black hole 在新吸积大质量黑洞中发现极端准周期性喷发
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02523-9
Lorena Hernández-García, Joheen Chakraborty, Paula Sánchez-Sáez, Claudio Ricci, Jorge Cuadra, Barry McKernan, K. E. Saavik Ford, Patricia Arévalo, Arne Rau, Riccardo Arcodia, Erin Kara, Zhu Liu, Andrea Merloni, Gabriele Bruni, Adelle Goodwin, Zaven Arzoumanian, Roberto J. Assef, Pietro Baldini, Amelia Bayo, Franz E. Bauer, Santiago Bernal, Murray Brightman, Gabriela Calistro Rivera, Keith Gendreau, David Homan, Mirko Krumpe, Paulina Lira, Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama, Mara Salvato, Belén Sotomayor
{"title":"Discovery of extreme quasi-periodic eruptions in a newly accreting massive black hole","authors":"Lorena Hernández-García, Joheen Chakraborty, Paula Sánchez-Sáez, Claudio Ricci, Jorge Cuadra, Barry McKernan, K. E. Saavik Ford, Patricia Arévalo, Arne Rau, Riccardo Arcodia, Erin Kara, Zhu Liu, Andrea Merloni, Gabriele Bruni, Adelle Goodwin, Zaven Arzoumanian, Roberto J. Assef, Pietro Baldini, Amelia Bayo, Franz E. Bauer, Santiago Bernal, Murray Brightman, Gabriela Calistro Rivera, Keith Gendreau, David Homan, Mirko Krumpe, Paulina Lira, Mary Loli Martínez-Aldama, Mara Salvato, Belén Sotomayor","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02523-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02523-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are rapid, recurring X-ray bursts from supermassive black holes, believed to result from interactions between accretion disks and surrounding matter. The galaxy SDSS1335+0728, previously stable for two decades, exhibited an increase in optical brightness in December 2019, followed by persistent active galactic nucleus (AGN)-like variability for 5 yr, suggesting the activation of a ~10<sup>6</sup>-<i>M</i><sub><span>⊙</span></sub> black hole. Since February 2024, X-ray emission has been detected, revealing extreme ~4.5-d QPEs with high fluxes and amplitudes, long timescales, large integrated energies and a ~25-d superperiod. Low-significance UV variations are reported, probably related to the long timescales and large radii from which the emission originates. This discovery broadens the possible formation channels for QPEs, suggesting that they are linked not solely to tidal disruption events but more generally to newly formed accretion flows, which we are witnessing in real time in a turn-on AGN candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Andromeda’s lopsided galaxy system challenges standard cosmology
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02481-2
{"title":"Andromeda’s lopsided galaxy system challenges standard cosmology","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02481-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02481-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Andromeda galaxy is surrounded by a constellation of dwarf galaxies that are arranged in a highly lopsided manner. Analysis of cosmological simulations reveals that this degree of asymmetry is found in only 0.3% of similar systems, painting Andromeda as a striking outlier in the current cosmological paradigm.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypervelocity stars are far-flung 超高速恒星遥不可及
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02542-6
Paul Woods
{"title":"Hypervelocity stars are far-flung","authors":"Paul Woods","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02542-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02542-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stars travelling faster than the escape speed of a galaxy — so-called hypervelocity stars — reach their velocities following an external force majeure event, such as a supernova explosion or a passage close to a black hole. Twenty-one main-sequence B-stars in the Galactic halo were identified as being unbound in the hypervelocity star (HVS) survey, and recent analysis from Jiwon Jesse Han and colleagues has identified the likely origin of nearly half of the sample as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), prompting the question of whether a supermassive black hole (SMBH) could be present there.</p><p>Han and colleagues compiled Gaia data release 3 proper motions for all 21 stars, and adopted a Milky Way–Large Magellanic Cloud potential model to calculate possible historical orbits, accounting for uncertainties in radial velocity, distance and proper motion. Following this inverse model for 400 Myr, nine stars were found to be consistent with an LMC origin, seven with a Milky Way Galactic Centre origin, and 5 were ambiguous. All LMC-origin stars are clustered around the Leo constellation on the sky.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overview of the findings for samples returned from Ryugu and implications for early Solar System processes
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02509-7
Monica M. Grady, M. Ito, R. C. Greenwood, A. Yamaguchi, T. H. Burbine, M. Anand, V. Debaille
{"title":"Overview of the findings for samples returned from Ryugu and implications for early Solar System processes","authors":"Monica M. Grady, M. Ito, R. C. Greenwood, A. Yamaguchi, T. H. Burbine, M. Anand, V. Debaille","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02509-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02509-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hayabusa2 spacecraft brought samples to Earth from asteroid (162173) Ryugu in December 2020. Here we review the main characteristics of the Hayabusa2 mission, with a particular focus on sample collection and return. After describing how the material was collected and subsequently curated, we outline some of the major findings from the mission so far, including the nature of the organic materials and the age, duration, extent and temperature of the aqueous alteration experienced by the Ryugu materials. We discuss the implications of these observations for the composition of early Solar System materials and the processes that they have experienced. Finally, we consider the results in the context of forthcoming sample return missions and what may be learnt from them.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Andromeda’s asymmetric satellite system as a challenge to cold dark matter cosmology
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02480-3
Kosuke Jamie Kanehisa, Marcel S. Pawlowski, Noam Libeskind
{"title":"Andromeda’s asymmetric satellite system as a challenge to cold dark matter cosmology","authors":"Kosuke Jamie Kanehisa, Marcel S. Pawlowski, Noam Libeskind","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02480-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02480-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Andromeda galaxy is surrounded by a strikingly asymmetrical distribution of satellite dwarf galaxies aligned towards the Milky Way. The standard model of cosmology predicts that most satellite galaxy systems are near-isotropic, and dwarf associations observed in the local Universe are only weakly asymmetric. Here we characterize the Andromeda system’s asymmetry and test its agreement with expectations from concordance cosmology. All but one of Andromeda’s 37 satellite galaxies are contained within 107° of our Galaxy. In standard cosmological simulations, less than 0.3% (0.5% when accounting for possible observational incompleteness) of Andromeda-like systems show a comparably significant asymmetry. None are as collectively lopsided as the observed satellite configuration. In conjunction with its satellite plane, our results paint the Andromeda system as an extreme outlier in the prevailing cosmological paradigm, further challenging our understanding of structure formation at small scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"591 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robert Kurucz (1944–2025)
IF 14.1 1区 物理与天体物理
Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02535-5
Andrea Dupree, Charlie Conroy
{"title":"Robert Kurucz (1944–2025)","authors":"Andrea Dupree, Charlie Conroy","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02535-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02535-5","url":null,"abstract":"Bob Kurucz, a giant in the field of stellar spectral modelling, was committed to sharing his science and expertise with the community.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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