Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02524-8
{"title":"Using large language models wisely","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02524-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02524-8","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has much to offer in the way of convenience and efficiency, but there may also be hidden costs that only become apparent with time. Astronomers should be aware of the drawbacks and potentially consider mitigating actions.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 3","pages":"315-315"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02524-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02520-y
Lindsay Oldham
{"title":"Emulating baryons from dark matter simulations","authors":"Lindsay Oldham","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02520-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02520-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 3","pages":"324-324"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2
Weichen Wang, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Antonio Pensabene, Marta Galbiati, Andrea Travascio, Charles C. Steidel, Michael V. Maseda, Gabriele Pezzulli, Stephanie de Beer, Matteo Fossati, Michele Fumagalli, Sofia G. Gallego, Titouan Lazeyras, Ruari Mackenzie, Jorryt Matthee, Themiya Nanayakkara, Giada Quadri
{"title":"A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang","authors":"Weichen Wang, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Antonio Pensabene, Marta Galbiati, Andrea Travascio, Charles C. Steidel, Michael V. Maseda, Gabriele Pezzulli, Stephanie de Beer, Matteo Fossati, Michele Fumagalli, Sofia G. Gallego, Titouan Lazeyras, Ruari Mackenzie, Jorryt Matthee, Themiya Nanayakkara, Giada Quadri","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Observational studies have shown that galaxy disks were already in place in the first few billion years of the Universe. The early disks detected so far, with typical half-light radii of 3 kpc at stellar masses around 10<sup>11</sup> <i>M</i><sub><span>⊙</span></sub> for redshift <i>z</i> ≈ 3, are significantly smaller than today’s disks with similar masses, which is in agreement with expectations from current galaxy models. Here we report observations of a giant disk at <i>z</i> = 3.25, when the Universe was only two billion years old, with a half-light radius of 9.6 kpc and stellar mass of <span>({{mathtt{3.7}}}_{-{mathtt{2.2}}}^{+{mathtt{2.6}}}times {{mathtt{10}}}^{{mathtt{11}}},{M}_{odot })</span>. This galaxy is larger than any other kinematically confirmed disks at similar epochs and is surprisingly similar to today’s largest disks with regard to size and mass. James Webb Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy reveal its spiral morphology and a rotational velocity consistent with a local Tully–Fisher relationship. Multiwavelength observations show that it lies in an exceptionally dense environment, where the galaxy number density is more than ten times higher than the cosmic average and mergers are frequent. The discovery of such a giant disk suggests the presence of favourable physical conditions for large-disk formation in dense environments in the early Universe, which may include efficient accretion of gas carrying coherent angular momentum and non-destructive mergers between exceptionally gas-rich progenitor galaxies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02514-w
{"title":"A surprisingly large disk galaxy in the early Universe","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02514-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02514-w","url":null,"abstract":"A galaxy has been discovered at an early cosmic time — two billion years after the Big Bang — that has a giant disk, grown to a size more typical of the largest disks in the present Universe. The early and quick growth of this disk might be related to its special, over-dense environment.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02517-7
Bokyoung Kim
{"title":"Unexpected molecules in a cold atmosphere","authors":"Bokyoung Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02517-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02517-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 3","pages":"323-323"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02504-y
G. S. Kocheril, C. Zagorec-Marks, H. J. Lewandowski
{"title":"Termination of bottom-up interstellar aromatic ring formation at C6H5+","authors":"G. S. Kocheril, C. Zagorec-Marks, H. J. Lewandowski","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02504-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02504-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aromatic molecule benzene is considered to be the essential building block for larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in space. Despite the importance of benzene in the formation of PAHs, the formation mechanisms of interstellar benzene are not well understood. A single ion–molecule reaction sequence is considered when modelling the formation of benzene in the interstellar medium, beginning with the protonation of acetylene. Although this process has been used to model the initial steps in the formation of PAHs, it has not been experimentally measured. To explore this reaction mechanism, we have carried out an experimental study of sequential ion–molecule reactions beginning with protonation of acetylene under single-collision conditions. Surprisingly, we found that the reaction sequence does not result in benzene but, instead, terminates at C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>, which is unreactive towards either acetylene or hydrogen. This result disproves the previously proposed mechanism for interstellar benzene formation, thus critically altering our understanding of interstellar PAH formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02491-0
I. de Ruiter, K. M. Rajwade, C. G. Bassa, A. Rowlinson, R. A. M. J. Wijers, C. D. Kilpatrick, G. Stefansson, J. R. Callingham, J. W. T. Hessels, T. E. Clarke, W. Peters, R. A. D. Wijnands, T. W. Shimwell, S. ter Veen, V. Morello, G. R. Zeimann, S. Mahadevan
{"title":"Sporadic radio pulses from a white dwarf binary at the orbital period","authors":"I. de Ruiter, K. M. Rajwade, C. G. Bassa, A. Rowlinson, R. A. M. J. Wijers, C. D. Kilpatrick, G. Stefansson, J. R. Callingham, J. W. T. Hessels, T. E. Clarke, W. Peters, R. A. D. Wijnands, T. W. Shimwell, S. ter Veen, V. Morello, G. R. Zeimann, S. Mahadevan","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02491-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02491-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent observations have revealed rare, previously unknown flashes of cosmic radio waves lasting from milliseconds to minutes, with a periodicity of minutes to an hour. These transient radio signals must originate from sources in the Milky Way and from coherent emission processes in astrophysical plasma. They are theorized to be produced in the extreme and highly magnetized environments around white dwarfs or neutron stars. However, the astrophysical origin of these signals remains contested, and multiple progenitor models may be needed to explain their diverse properties. Here we present the discovery of a transient radio source, ILT J1101 + 5521, whose roughly minute-long pulses arrive with a periodicity of 125.5 min. We find that ILT J1101 + 5521 is an M dwarf–white dwarf binary system with an orbital period that matches the period of the radio pulses, which are observed when the two stars are in conjunction. The binary nature of ILT J1101 + 5521 establishes that some long-period radio transients originate from orbital motion modulating the observed emission, as opposed to an isolated rotating star. We conclude that ILT J1101 + 5521 is probably a polar system where magnetic interaction has synchronized the rotational and orbital periods of the white dwarf. Magnetic interaction and plasma exchange between two stars has been theorized to generate sporadic radio emission, making ILT J1101 + 5521 a potential low-mass analogue to such mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"17 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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