Nature Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Enigmatic ice leaves cold trail","authors":"Paul Woods","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02498-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02498-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"178-178"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into supermassive black hole mergers from the gravitational wave background","authors":"C. M. F. Mingarelli, L. Blecha, T. Bogdanović, M. Charisi, S. Chen, A. Escala, B. Goncharov, M. J. Graham, S. Komossa, S. T. McWilliams, D. A. Schwartz, J. Zrake","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02482-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02482-1","url":null,"abstract":"At the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, participants of the rapid response workshop on the gravitational wave background explored discrepancies between experimental results and theoretical models for a background originating from supermassive black hole binary mergers. Underestimated theoretical and/or experimental uncertainties are likely to be the explanation. Another key focus was the wide variety of search methods for supermassive black hole binaries, with the conclusion that the most compelling detections would involve systems exhibiting both electromagnetic and gravitational wave signatures.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of dust reveal the magnetic field in a protoplanetary disk","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02455-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02455-w","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of polarized thermal emission from dust grains in the protoplanetary disk around the HD 142527 protostar suggest that in part of the disk the polarization is caused by the magnetic field. The strength and structure of this magnetic field are deduced from these observations using a modelling approach.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observationally derived magnetic field strength and 3D components in the HD 142527 disk","authors":"Satoshi Ohashi, Takayuki Muto, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Akimasa Kataoka, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Munetake Momose, Misato Fukagawa, Nami Sakai","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02454-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02454-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks around young stars play an important role in disk evolution and planet formation. Measuring the polarized thermal emission from magnetically aligned grains is a reliable method for tracing magnetic fields. However, it has been difficult to observe magnetic fields from dust polarization in protoplanetary disks because other polarization mechanisms involving grown dust grains become efficient. Here we report multi-wavelength (0.87, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.7 mm) observations of polarized thermal emission in the protoplanetary disk around HD 142527, which shows a lopsided dust distribution. We revealed that smaller dust particles still exhibit magnetic alignment in the southern part of the disk. Furthermore, angular offsets between the observed magnetic field and the disk azimuthal direction were discovered. These offsets can be used to measure the relative strengths of each component of a three-dimensional magnetic field (radial (<i>B</i>_<i>r</i>), azimuthal (<i>B</i>_<i>ϕ</i>) and vertical (<i>B</i>_<i>z</i>)). Applying this method, we derived the magnetic field around a 200 au radius from the protostar as <span>∣</span><i>B</i>_<i>r</i><span>∣</span>:<span>∣</span><i>B</i>_<i>ϕ</i><span>∣</span>:<span>∣</span><i>B</i>_<i>z</i><span>∣</span> ≈ 0.26:1:0.23 with a strength of ~0.3 mG. Our observations provide some key parameters of magnetic activities, including the plasma beta, which has had to be assumed in theoretical studies. In addition, the radial and vertical angular momentum transfers were found to be comparable, which poses a challenge to theoretical studies of protoplanetary disks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A connection between proto-neutron-star Tayler–Spruit dynamos and low-field magnetars","authors":"Andrei Igoshev, Paul Barrère, Raphaël Raynaud, Jérome Guilet, Toby Wood, Rainer Hollerbach","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02477-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02477-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-field magnetars have dipolar magnetic fields of 10¹²–10¹³ G, 10–100 times weaker than the values of magnetic-field strength <i>B</i> ≈ 10¹⁴–10¹⁵ G used to define classical magnetars, yet they produce similar X-ray bursts and outbursts. Using direct numerical simulations of magnetothermal evolution starting from a dynamo-generated magnetic field, we show that the low-field magnetars can be produced as a result of a Tayler–Spruit dynamo inside a proto-neutron star. We find that these simulations naturally explain key characteristics of low-field magnetars: weak (<span>≲</span>10¹³ G) dipolar magnetic fields, strong small-scale fields and magnetically induced crustal failures producing X-ray bursts. These findings suggest that the formation channel of low-<i>B</i> magnetars is distinct from that for classical magnetars, reflecting potential differences in proto-neutron-star dynamos.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-definition imaging of a filamentary connection between a close quasar pair at z = 3","authors":"Davide Tornotti, Michele Fumagalli, Matteo Fossati, Alejandro Benitez-Llambay, David Izquierdo-Villalba, Andrea Travascio, Fabrizio Arrigoni Battaia, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Alexander Beckett, Silvia Bonoli, Pratika Dayal, Valentina D’Odorico, Rajeshwari Dutta, Elisabeta Lusso, Celine Peroux, Marc Rafelski, Mitchell Revalski, Daniele Spinoso, Mark Swinbank","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02463-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02463-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Filaments connecting haloes are a long-standing prediction of cold-dark-matter theories. Here we present a detection of the cosmic web emission connecting two quasar-host galaxies at redshift <i>z</i> ≈ 3.22 in the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF), observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument. The very deep observations unlock a high-definition view of the filament morphology, a measure of the transition radius between the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium, and the characterization of the surface brightness profiles along the filament and in the transverse direction. Through systematic comparisons with simulations, we validate the filaments’ typical density predicted in the current cold-dark-matter model. Our analysis of the MUDF, an excellent laboratory for quantitatively studying filaments in emission, opens a new avenue to constrain the physical properties of the cosmic web and to trace the distribution of dark matter on large scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu","authors":"Daniel P. Glavin,&nbsp;Jason P. Dworkin,&nbsp;Conel M. O’D. Alexander,&nbsp;José C. Aponte,&nbsp;Allison A. Baczynski,&nbsp;Jessica J. Barnes,&nbsp;Hans A. Bechtel,&nbsp;Eve L. Berger,&nbsp;Aaron S. Burton,&nbsp;Paola Caselli,&nbsp;Angela H. Chung,&nbsp;Simon J. Clemett,&nbsp;George D. Cody,&nbsp;Gerardo Dominguez,&nbsp;Jamie E. Elsila,&nbsp;Kendra K. Farnsworth,&nbsp;Dionysis I. Foustoukos,&nbsp;Katherine H. Freeman,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Furukawa,&nbsp;Zack Gainsforth,&nbsp;Heather V. Graham,&nbsp;Tommaso Grassi,&nbsp;Barbara Michela Giuliano,&nbsp;Victoria E. Hamilton,&nbsp;Pierre Haenecour,&nbsp;Philipp R. Heck,&nbsp;Amy E. Hofmann,&nbsp;Christopher H. House,&nbsp;Yongsong Huang,&nbsp;Hannah H. Kaplan,&nbsp;Lindsay P. Keller,&nbsp;Bumsoo Kim,&nbsp;Toshiki Koga,&nbsp;Michael Liss,&nbsp;Hannah L. McLain,&nbsp;Matthew A. Marcus,&nbsp;Mila Matney,&nbsp;Timothy J. McCoy,&nbsp;Ophélie M. McIntosh,&nbsp;Angel Mojarro,&nbsp;Hiroshi Naraoka,&nbsp;Ann N. Nguyen,&nbsp;Michel Nuevo,&nbsp;Joseph A. Nuth III,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Oba,&nbsp;Eric T. Parker,&nbsp;Tanya S. Peretyazhko,&nbsp;Scott A. Sandford,&nbsp;Ewerton Santos,&nbsp;Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin,&nbsp;Frederic Seguin,&nbsp;Danielle N. Simkus,&nbsp;Anique Shahid,&nbsp;Yoshinori Takano,&nbsp;Kathie L. Thomas-Keprta,&nbsp;Havishk Tripathi,&nbsp;Gabriella Weiss,&nbsp;Yuke Zheng,&nbsp;Nicole G. Lunning,&nbsp;Kevin Righter,&nbsp;Harold C. Connolly Jr.,&nbsp;Dante S. Lauretta","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02472-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-024-02472-9","url":null,"abstract":"Organic matter in meteorites reveals clues about early Solar System chemistry and the origin of molecules important to life, but terrestrial exposure complicates interpretation. Samples returned from the B-type asteroid Bennu by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer mission enabled us to study pristine carbonaceous astromaterial without uncontrolled exposure to Earth’s biosphere. Here we show that Bennu samples are volatile rich, with more carbon, nitrogen and ammonia than samples from asteroid Ryugu and most meteorites. Nitrogen-15 isotopic enrichments indicate that ammonia and other N-containing soluble molecules formed in a cold molecular cloud or the outer protoplanetary disk. We detected amino acids (including 14 of the 20 used in terrestrial biology), amines, formaldehyde, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocycles (including all five nucleobases found in DNA and RNA), along with ~10,000 N-bearing chemical species. All chiral non-protein amino acids were racemic or nearly so, implying that terrestrial life’s left-handed chirality may not be due to bias in prebiotic molecules delivered by impacts. The relative abundances of amino acids and other soluble organics suggest formation and alteration by low-temperature reactions, possibly in NH3-rich fluids. Bennu’s parent asteroid developed in or accreted ices from a reservoir in the outer Solar System where ammonia ice was stable. Rocks and dust from the asteroid Bennu contain some of the molecular building blocks of life on Earth, such as amino acids and nucleobases. They also carry ammonia that formed billions of years ago in cold, distant regions of our Solar System.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 2","pages":"199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02472-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial differentiation of Europa and implications for the origin of materials in the Jupiter system","authors":"Flavio Petricca, Julie C. Castillo-Rogez, Antonio Genova, Mohit Melwani Daswani, Marshall J. Styczinski, Corey J. Cochrane, Steven D. Vance","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02469-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02469-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Galileo mission measured the gravity field around Europa. The results indicated that the moon’s interior is mostly made of rock (~90 wt%). However, the level of differentiation of the deep interior is still poorly understood. We constrain the interior of Europa using Galileo gravity data and a combination of geophysical and geochemical models that connects the origin of the materials accreted in the Jupiter system with the observed gravity field. The results indicate that Europa is partially differentiated and that it probably formed primarily from CV chondrite material. We investigate this finding by coupling thermal evolution models with a detailed treatment of Fe–FeS melting. The metal–silicate differentiation temperatures (&gt;1,600 K) are not attained if Europa formed about 4 Myr after the production of calcium aluminium inclusions. The leaching of potassium during thermal metamorphism further limits differentiation. Our results imply a cold evolution for Europa and suggest that part of water inventory of Europa was supplied by external sources, possibly by comets. These implications can be tested with the gravity data that will be acquired by Europa Clipper and JUICE.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Hα–X-ray surface-brightness correlation for filaments in cooling-flow clusters","authors":"Valeria Olivares,&nbsp;Adrien Picquenot,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Su,&nbsp;Massimo Gaspari,&nbsp;Marie-Lou Gendron-Marsolais,&nbsp;Fiorella L. Polles,&nbsp;Paul Nulsen","doi":"10.1038/s41550-024-02473-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-024-02473-8","url":null,"abstract":"Massive galaxies in cooling-flow clusters display clear evidence of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Joint X-ray and radio observations have shown that AGN radio jets push aside the surrounding hot gas and form cavities in the hot intracluster medium (ICM). These systems host complex, kiloparsec-scale, multiphase filamentary structures, from warm and ionized (10,000 K) to cold and molecular (&lt;100 K). These striking clumpy filaments are believed to be a natural outcome of thermally unstable cooling from the hot ICM, probably triggered by feedback processes while contributing to feeding the AGN via chaotic cold accretion (CCA). However, the detailed constraints on the formation mechanism of the filaments are still uncertain, and the connection between the different gas phases has to be fully unveiled. By leveraging a sample of seven X-ray-bright cooling-flow clusters, we have discovered a tight positive correlation between the X-ray surface brightness and the Hα surface brightness of the filaments over two orders of magnitude, as also found in stripped tails. We further show the quantitative consistency of such a relation with CCA predictions by leveraging hydrodynamical simulations. This discovery provides evidence for a shared excitation mechanism between hot and warm filaments, where multiphase condensation, triggered by AGN feedback, drives their tight co-evolution. A strong positive correlation between the warm and hot phases of extended filaments in massive galaxies within cooling-flow clusters supports theoretical models of active galactic nucleus feedback as the origin of these multiphase structures.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 3","pages":"449-457"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: The evolution of dust attenuation in z ≈ 2–12 galaxies observed by JWST","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02485-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41550-025-02485-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"9 3","pages":"469-469"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02485-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}