Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02581-z
Devontae C. Baxter, Arianna S. Long, Sinclaire M. Manning, Evan H. Nuñez, Zara Randriamanakoto, Gianni Sims
{"title":"Black in galaxy astrophysics","authors":"Devontae C. Baxter, Arianna S. Long, Sinclaire M. Manning, Evan H. Nuñez, Zara Randriamanakoto, Gianni Sims","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02581-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02581-z","url":null,"abstract":"As part of Black Space Week 2025, six extragalactic astronomers share information about their scientific interests, research projects and personal motivations for working in astronomy.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02598-4
Bokyoung Kim
{"title":"Invisible spiral arms in Milky Way-like galaxies","authors":"Bokyoung Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02598-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02598-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stellar structures and the dark matter (DM) halo of galaxies are dynamically intertwined. However, the impact of stellar spiral arms on the DM halo morphology remains little explored. Marcel Bernet and colleagues address this deficiency by investigating the imprint of stellar spirals on the DM halo of a Milky Way-like galaxy, revealing the presence of dark spiral arms.</p><p>Using an <i>N</i>-body model of an isolated barred spiral galaxy, the authors find that both stellar and DM spiral arms co-evolve, showing strong spatial and temporal correlation. The total mass of the dark spirals is ~10% of that of the stellar arms. Once both spirals become strong enough (<i>t</i> ≥ 4.5 Gyr), they share a constant pattern speed (~20 km s<sup>–1</sup> kpc<sup>–1</sup>), and the DM spirals continuously trail the stellar ones due to a delayed response to the evolving potential of the stellar components.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02588-6
Naia Butler-Craig, Bryné Hadnott, KeShawn Ivory, Tana Joseph, AJ Link, Cheyenne Polius, Caprice L. Phillips, Dakotah Tyler, Ashley Walker, Robert Washington
{"title":"Empowering voices and building bridges across the space community with Black In Astro","authors":"Naia Butler-Craig, Bryné Hadnott, KeShawn Ivory, Tana Joseph, AJ Link, Cheyenne Polius, Caprice L. Phillips, Dakotah Tyler, Ashley Walker, Robert Washington","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02588-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02588-6","url":null,"abstract":"Black In Astro is a grassroots organization that offers support and networking for Black people working in or studying astronomy and space-related fields across the globe. Now five years old, it is established and looking to grow the range of support it offers.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02601-y
Paul Woods
{"title":"Life might seem out of whack","authors":"Paul Woods","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02601-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02601-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A robust detection of life on another world would be a landmark event. A common approach towards life detection focuses on observing key chemical species in atmospheres that are uniquely associated with life. However, an alternative method involves identifying chemical disequilibrium: atmospheric chemistry that has been perturbed from thermodynamic equilibrium by some biological process. Amber Young and colleagues have simulated a present-day Earth orbiting another star to determine whether our ‘out of whack’ atmosphere would be detectable by JWST — and the answer is yes, under certain circumstances.</p><p>Under this method, chemical disequilibrium is established by calculating the available Gibbs free energy (GFE) of a planet, which is the difference between the observed GFE and a theoretical equilibrium GFE for the same system. The observed GFE is a combination of observationally derived quantities, such as gas mixing ratios, global surface pressure, effective temperature, and physical properties of clouds, aerosols, and hazes in the atmosphere. The theoretical estimate is derived from essentially putting planetary ingredients into a ‘box’ and letting them settle. Earth’s main atmospheric ‘perturbation’ from equilibrium relates to the CH<sub>4</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> system, where methane is a waste gas from metabolism. JWST/MIRI could not detect the <span>∼</span>1 J mol<sup>−1</sup> GFE offset of an Earth–Sun system. However, if the Earth were to transit an M dwarf (a TRAPPIST-1 analogue), the ~320 J mol<sup>−1</sup> GFE offset would be detectable if a challenging part-per-million noise level could be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02603-w
{"title":"The Juneteenth issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02603-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02603-w","url":null,"abstract":"Against a background of threats to science and personal identity, this month we highlight a score of Black astronomers trying to pursue their ambitions without fear, and Black In Astro, an organization supporting predominantly early-career Black people working in the space sciences.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02578-8
James O. Chibueze, Samaiyah Farid, India Jackson, Teresa Monsue, Miriam M. Nyamai
{"title":"Black in stellar astrophysics","authors":"James O. Chibueze, Samaiyah Farid, India Jackson, Teresa Monsue, Miriam M. Nyamai","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02578-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02578-8","url":null,"abstract":"As part of Black Space Week 2025, five stellar astrophysicists and solar physicists share information about their scientific interests, research projects and personal motivations for working in astronomy.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02599-3
Lindsay Oldham
{"title":"A little red dot up close","authors":"Lindsay Oldham","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02599-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02599-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Taking their name from their extremely red and compact emission, little red dots (LRDs) do not yet have a physical explanation that is consistent across their full spectral energy distribution (SED): whilst some spectral features indicate the presence of dusty active galactic nuclei (AGN), others are more naturally interpreted as stellar light. Observations and modelling are also often hampered by the high redshifts (<i>z</i> <span>≲</span> 5) at which most LRDs have been found. Bingjie Wang and colleagues present multiwavelength data for a likely LRD analogue at redshift <i>z</i> ~ 3, along with a feasible model for its structure.</p><p>Combining JWST observations from multiple instruments with HST imaging and upper limits from Spitzer and Herschel data, the authors construct a range of spectrophotometric models with flexible treatment of the putative AGN and galaxy light. Though they cannot rule out a galaxy-only model, the high stellar mass implied by such a model would require an extreme stellar surface density and is an order of magnitude larger than the object’s estimated dynamical mass. Their joint galaxy–AGN model, on the other hand, depends on the dust in the AGN torus being unusually — but not unprecedently — cold. They also detect a blueshifted He <span>I</span> absorption feature, suggestive of an ionized outflow from the supermassive black hole (SMBH).</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02600-z
Luca Maltagliati
{"title":"‘Know thy star’ consistently","authors":"Luca Maltagliati","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02600-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02600-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>‘Know thy star, know thy planet’: precise and accurate estimates of stellar parameters and behaviour are necessary to reliably characterize their orbiting exoplanets. However, these data are usually gathered by many different surveys and facilities, creating an inconsistent archive. Patrick de Laverny and colleagues present a homogenous catalogue of the properties of 2,573 exoplanetary host stars and their related 3,556 exoplanets with Gaia astrometry and spectroscopy.</p><p>The Gaia Data Release 3 identified more than 4,300 exoplanet-hosting stars, ~42% of which have fully characterized atmospheres. The authors use this subsample, integrated with other ground-based spectroscopic surveys, to extract their mass, radius and luminosity with an internally consistent procedure. The improvement in precision is substantial: the uncertainty on stellar radii is more than a factor of two better than the literature. The radius and mass of associated exoplanets are then computed by re-scaling appropriately the data from the literature taking into account these new values.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02585-9
Keanna Jardine, Caprice L. Phillips, Kayla J. Smith, Dakotah Tyler, Ashley Walker, Robert Washington
{"title":"Black in (exo)planetary science","authors":"Keanna Jardine, Caprice L. Phillips, Kayla J. Smith, Dakotah Tyler, Ashley Walker, Robert Washington","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02585-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02585-9","url":null,"abstract":"As part of Black Space Week 2025, six (exo)planetary scientists share information about their scientific interests, research projects and personal motivations for working in astronomy.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature AstronomyPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02572-0
Zengqian Hou, Jizhong Liu, Fuchuan Pang, Yuming Wang, Yiliang Li, Mengjiao Xu, Jianya Gong, Kun Jiang, Zhizhong Kang, Yangting Lin, Jia Liu, Yang Liu, Yang Li, Liping Qin, Zhenfeng Sheng, Chi Wang, Juntao Wang, Guangfei Wei, Long Xiao, Yigang Xu, Bingkun Yu, Renhao Ruan, Chaolin Zhang, Yu-Yan Sara Zhao, Xin Zou
{"title":"In search of signs of life on Mars with China’s sample return mission Tianwen-3","authors":"Zengqian Hou, Jizhong Liu, Fuchuan Pang, Yuming Wang, Yiliang Li, Mengjiao Xu, Jianya Gong, Kun Jiang, Zhizhong Kang, Yangting Lin, Jia Liu, Yang Liu, Yang Li, Liping Qin, Zhenfeng Sheng, Chi Wang, Juntao Wang, Guangfei Wei, Long Xiao, Yigang Xu, Bingkun Yu, Renhao Ruan, Chaolin Zhang, Yu-Yan Sara Zhao, Xin Zou","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02572-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02572-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of China’s Mars sample return mission, known as Tianwen-3, is to collect at least 500 g of samples from Mars and return them to Earth around 2031. Here we summarize the scientific objectives of Tianwen-3 and discuss the concept of the mission, from selecting the payload to curating the sample. The mission aims to provide insights into nine scientific themes centred around the main focus of the search for extant and past life on Mars. These nine themes, together with requirements based on technical capabilities, inform the selection of the payload. We present preliminary studies on a full-chain protocol and the strategy for the selection of the landing site and detection of potential biosignatures in the returned samples. We also propose, in strict accordance with the Committee on Space Research’s Planetary Protection Policy, an integrated plan for sample preservation and analysis. This plan involves the establishment of the Mars Sample Laboratory to conduct a comprehensive examination of the returned Mars samples and safeguard Earth against potential exobiological contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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