Medical mycology最新文献_第8页

Novel in vivo observations of luliconazole 5% nail solution for onychomycosis: An ultrastructural study. 5%吕立康唑甲液治疗甲真菌病的体内观察：一项超微结构研究。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf016

Yuko Ehara, Nanako Yamada, Takashi Horie, Ryota Furuichi, Yuichi Yoshida, Osamu Yamamoto

{"title":"Novel in vivo observations of luliconazole 5% nail solution for onychomycosis: An ultrastructural study.","authors":"Yuko Ehara, Nanako Yamada, Takashi Horie, Ryota Furuichi, Yuichi Yoshida, Osamu Yamamoto","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf016","url":null,"abstract":"Lesional nails of 10 patients with onychomycosis (tinea unguium) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to gain an insight into in vivo morphological changes of dermatophytes after application of a clinical dosage of topical luliconazole (LLCZ) 5% nail solution. In these cases, Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) was identified in three cases and T. interdigitale was identified in four cases (three unidentified cases; we were unable to identify either the genus or species). Specimens from tinea unguium before and after topical LLCZ application (maximum of 14 days) were observed by TEM. Two types of morphological changes of hyphae were revealed. Intracytoplasmic degeneration without antecedent obvious changes in the cell wall (type 1 degeneration) and degeneration of the fungal cell wall preceding intracytoplasmic changes (type 2 degeneration) were observed. We also examined in vivo morphological changes of dermatophytes in tinea pedis treated with ketoconazole (KCZ) to compare the morphological changes in the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm to those after the application of LLCZ. Intracytoplasmic degeneration (type 1 degeneration) was observed in tinea pedis scales treated with topical KCZ. We confirmed that topical LLCZ 5% nail solution had acting points on the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm of dermatophyte hyphae and that various degrees of morphological changes in lesional nails of tinea unguium occurred during treatment with topical LLCZ 5% nail solution.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections in intensive care unit patients during the first pandemic waves in Argentina: Results of a single center experience. 阿根廷第一波大流行期间重症监护病房患者中与covid -19相关的侵袭性真菌感染：单一中心经验的结果

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf024

Gladys Beatriz Posse, Fernanda Mariel Barberis, María Fernanda Benedetti, Daniel Pezzola, Katherine Hermida Alava, Carolina Rodríguez Laboccetta, Agustín Videla Garrido, Víctor Fernández Briceño, Paula Capece, Alejandro Nusblat, María Luján Cuestas

{"title":"COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections in intensive care unit patients during the first pandemic waves in Argentina: Results of a single center experience.","authors":"Gladys Beatriz Posse, Fernanda Mariel Barberis, María Fernanda Benedetti, Daniel Pezzola, Katherine Hermida Alava, Carolina Rodríguez Laboccetta, Agustín Videla Garrido, Víctor Fernández Briceño, Paula Capece, Alejandro Nusblat, María Luján Cuestas","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Critically ill COVID-19 patients are at high risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Data on IFI prevalence in severe COVID-19 patients in Latin America are scarce. This study aimed at analyzing the prevalence and outcomes of IFIs in COVID-19 patients from Argentina. For this purpose, a retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital in Buenos Aires between 2020 and 2022, with mycological evidence of IFI. A total of 86 cases of IFIs were reported, including 50 cases of COVID-19-associated candidiasis (CAC), 29 of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), 10 of COVID-19-associated histoplasmosis (CAH), two cases of cryptococcemia, and one case of invasive fusariosis. Mixed fungal infections were also detected: two cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with CAPA, two cases of CAC with CAPA, one case of cryptococcemia with CAPA, one case of CAPA with CAH, and one case of CAC with CAPA and CAH. The overall mortality was 67.4%, with mortality of 59.6%, 72.7%, and 62.5% for CAC, CAPA, and CAH, respectively. All cases with mixed fungal infections were fatal. The most frequent underlying comorbidities were arterial hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, oncohematological disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Candida parapsilosis, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis were the most common species in CAC. Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, and A. niger were predominant in CAPA. In conclusion, this study highlights the high prevalence and mortality of CAC, CAPA, and CAH in severe COVID-19 patients from Argentina.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secreted factors of Aspergillus fumigatus cause lung epithelial barrier disruption: A study using an air-liquid interface cell culture model. 曲霉菌的分泌因子会导致肺上皮屏障破坏：利用气液界面细胞培养模型进行的研究

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf018

Bianca Carla Silva Campitelli Barros, Debora Tereza Lucas Barros, Matthias Brock, Marcos Sergio Toledo, Solange Maria Toledo Serrano, Erika Suzuki, Amir M Ghaemmaghami

引用次数: 0

Multicentric prospective evaluation of Pneumocystis jirovecii fungal load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions using qPCR. 应用qPCR技术对支气管肺泡灌洗液中肺囊虫真菌负荷的多中心前瞻性评价。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf023

Théo Ghelfenstein-Ferreira, Lize Cuypers, Anaïs Pinto, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Vicente Friaza, Stefan Fuchs, Catriona Halliday, Solène Le Gal, Ulrike Scharmann, Joerg Steinmann, Anne Totet, Sean Zhang, Mario Cruciani, Rosemary Barnes, J Peter Donnelly, Juergen Loeffler, P Lewis White, Alexandre Alanio

{"title":"Multicentric prospective evaluation of Pneumocystis jirovecii fungal load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions using qPCR.","authors":"Théo Ghelfenstein-Ferreira, Lize Cuypers, Anaïs Pinto, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Vicente Friaza, Stefan Fuchs, Catriona Halliday, Solène Le Gal, Ulrike Scharmann, Joerg Steinmann, Anne Totet, Sean Zhang, Mario Cruciani, Rosemary Barnes, J Peter Donnelly, Juergen Loeffler, P Lewis White, Alexandre Alanio","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf023","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is the key sample type for diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, with quantitative PCR (qPCR) providing high sensitivity and specificity. However, sample processing varies considerably between laboratories, and optimal nucleic acid extraction method for BALF remains undetermined. This retrospective multicenter study, conducted in 12 centers as part of the fungal PCR initiative, assessed the efficacy of P. jirovecii detection by qPCR in different BALF fractions, including whole (WHO), pellet (PEL), and supernatant (SUP). Samples that were P. jirovecii-qPCR-positive during routine testing were divided into the three predefined fractions prior to nucleic acid extraction and qPCR, comparing detection rates and quantification cycle (Cq) values. Out of 113 P. jirovecii-qPCR-positive BALF samples, 339 qPCR measurements were analyzed. The PEL fraction demonstrated a similar detection rate to the WHO fraction, with positivity rates of 92.9% and 88.5%, respectively. The SUP fraction showed a lower positivity rate of 71.7%, dropping to 47% for high Cq values (Cq > 35). Quantitative analysis showed that the SUP fraction consistently yielded higher Cq values, trailing by 3.05 cycles compared to WHO, while PEL showed a smaller deviation (0.49 cycles), confirming its efficiency in retaining P. jirovecii genetic material for qPCR detection. The study concludes that the SUP fraction is suboptimal for P. jirovecii detection due to higher Cq values, suggesting lower fungal loads. The PEL and WHO fractions are comparable, suggesting that the PEL is a viable alternative, permitting the concentration of larger BALF volumes to levels that can be extracted across a range of platforms.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paracoccidioidomycosis-related hospitalization and mortality rates in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: A study using socioeconomic, demographic, and climatic predictors. 巴西圣保罗州与副球孢子菌病相关的住院率和死亡率：一项使用社会经济、人口和气候预测指标的研究

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf014

Isabela Spinelli, Leandro Roberto de Macedo, Gabriella Freitas Ferreira

引用次数: 0

The impact of the COVID-19 on the antifungal consumption and antifungal resistance in Candida species isolated from the blood cultures of critically ill patients in intensive care units. 2019冠状病毒病对重症监护病人血培养念珠菌抗真菌消耗和耐药性的影响

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf002

Emre Kara, Gokhan Metan, Dolunay Gülmez, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli

引用次数: 0

Insights into Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in South Africa (2018-2022). 南非乙氏肺囊虫肺炎（2018-2022）。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf001

Mbali Precious Nkosi, Keegan John Hoog, Michelle Lowe

{"title":"Insights into Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in South Africa (2018-2022).","authors":"Mbali Precious Nkosi, Keegan John Hoog, Michelle Lowe","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumocystis jirovecii causes P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)-a leading opportunistic infection among persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus. Furthermore, individuals with underlying conditions such as cancer and transplant recipients are susceptible to PJP. Most data on PJP come from other countries, with limited knowledge about its prevalence in Africa. The aim was to describe changes in the proportion of positive PJP tests in South Africa from 2018 to 2022. A 5-year retrospective study was conducted on patients with suspected P. jirovecii, detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service, where laboratory diagnostics were done as part of routine patient care. Mann-Whitney test and Χ2 tests were used to compare the age, sex, and wards with both the negative and positive results of PJP. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 8110 patients' results were retrieved, and 8059 met the inclusion criteria. The positive test proportions of PJP in South Africa were 32.66%, 29.93%, 34.02%, 24.98%, and 25.78%, respectively. The median age was 35 years, with interquartile range of 24-43 years (P = .002). Female patients had a higher positive test proportion than males (59.39% vs. 38.74%, P < .001). The proportion of positive PJP tests was higher in general wards (48.54%) and intensive care units (18.99%) (P = .012). The epidemiology of PJP in South Africa is similar to that of other countries in some respects but is influenced by unique factors specific to the country. These findings are crucial for public health planning, emphasising the need for targeted PJP prevention strategies considering sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating predictors of ocular complications and mortality in candidemia: Are repeat blood cultures key? 评价念珠菌病眼部并发症和死亡率的预测因素：重复血培养是关键吗？

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf010

Hamail Iqbal, Dejan Nikolic, Carlo Foppiano Palacios

{"title":"Evaluating predictors of ocular complications and mortality in candidemia: Are repeat blood cultures key?","authors":"Hamail Iqbal, Dejan Nikolic, Carlo Foppiano Palacios","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Candidemia can lead to ocular complications, including endophthalmitis and chorioretinitis. Management of candidemia traditionally included ophthalmic exams. However, due to concerns regarding the utility of performing ophthalmic exams in all patients, there is a need for prognostic factors suggestive of ocular complications. We sought to evaluate if positive follow-up blood cultures (FUBC) are associated with ocular involvement in candidemia. We conducted a single-center, retrospective review of candidemia cases at an academic medical center (2017-2022). Data on demographics, risk factors, ophthalmic exams, eye infection, and mortality outcomes were collected. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 238 episodes of candidemia among 199 patients were included. FUBC were obtained for 97% of cases and were positive in 35%. Ophthalmic exams were performed in 82% of cases and identified 10 endophthalmitis and 11 chorioretinitis cases. There was no significant association between positive FUBC and endophthalmitis or chorioretinitis. Ocular infections were associated with presence of any visual symptom (P < .001), Candida albicans (P = .02), C. dubliniensis (P = .003), and length of antifungal regimen (P = .007). Hospital mortality was associated with age (P < .001), C. lusitaniae (P = .056), acquisition of FUBC (P = .03), completion of an ophthalmic exam (P = .046), vasopressor use (P < .001), and length of antifungal regimen (P = .009). While positive FUBC did not correlate with ocular candidiasis, specific Candida species were associated with endophthalmitis and chorioretinitis. C. lusitaniae infections, acquisition of FUBC, and ophthalmic exam were predictors of hospital mortality. Other indications for ophthalmic evaluations and further identification of mortality risk factors need to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective detection of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto using a gradient diffusion plastic strip: A comparison of filtered-adjusted vs. unfiltered-unadjusted inocula. 梯度扩散塑料条法检测严格感烟曲霉对唑的抗性：过滤调整与未过滤调整接种物的比较

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf011

Julia Serrano-Lobo, Elena Reigadas, Patricia Muñoz, Pilar Escribano, Jesús Guinea

{"title":"Effective detection of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto using a gradient diffusion plastic strip: A comparison of filtered-adjusted vs. unfiltered-unadjusted inocula.","authors":"Julia Serrano-Lobo, Elena Reigadas, Patricia Muñoz, Pilar Escribano, Jesús Guinea","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf011","url":null,"abstract":"Gradient diffusion plastic strips are utilized for azole susceptibility testing against Aspergillus fumigatus in some clinical microbiology laboratories; however, they lack proper validation. We evaluated the performance of this method for detecting azole resistance in A. fumigatus sensu stricto, and we assessed whether skipping filtration and inoculum adjustment of conidial suspensions negatively influenced its performance. A total of 98 A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates, previously classified as azole-susceptible or resistant, were studied. Azole-resistant isolates had specific cyp51A gene mutations, including TR34-L98H ± S297T-F495I, G54R, TR46-Y121F-T289A, and G448S. Conidial suspensions were prepared following the principles of the E.Def 9.4 method or left unfiltered and unadjusted. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions obtained with the gradient diffusion plastic strip using both types of inoculum preparations, cutoff values were proposed to classify isolates as resistant: >1 mg/l for itraconazole and voriconazole and >0.25 mg/l for posaconazole. These cutoffs coincided with EUCAST breakpoints and correctly classified all except one (TR46-Y121F-T289A) isolate. High essential agreement values (95.9%-98%) were obtained, regardless of inoculum preparation. Overall, sensitivity/specificity values of the gradient diffusion plastic strip using the proposed cutoff values for itraconazole (100%/98%), voriconazole (100%/100%), and posaconazole (100%/98%) to screen for azole resistance were not impacted by the inoculum preparation method. Thus, the gradient diffusion plastic strip is a reliable method for screening azole resistance in A. fumigatus isolates using the proposed MIC cutoffs, and inoculum preparation without filtration and adjustment of conidial suspensions did not negatively influence the performance of the method.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invasive aspergillosis caused by cryptic species in transplant recipients: A review. 移植受者中隐种引起的侵袭性曲霉病：综述。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaf015

Muneyoshi Kimura, Shahid Husain

{"title":"Invasive aspergillosis caused by cryptic species in transplant recipients: A review.","authors":"Muneyoshi Kimura, Shahid Husain","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf015","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical and microbiological characteristics of invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by cryptic Aspergillus species have not been well-defined in transplant settings. However, IA is among the most common mould infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Among 55 causative isolates in the 53 reported cases, Aspergillus calidoustus, A. lentulus, A. tubingensis, and A. udagawae were the four most common causative cryptic Aspergillus species. Newer diagnostic modalities, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, may help diagnose these cryptic species. Of the 24 cases with detailed clinical information, 13 had antifungal breakthrough infections. The 12-week mortality rates of all 24 cases, 7 cases of A. calidoustus, and 7 cases of A. lentulus were 46%, 43%, and 43%, respectively. Based on antifungal susceptibility profiles obtained from previous studies, an empiric antifungal regimen such as liposomal amphotericin B with or without echinocandin is recommended for A. calidoustus. A combination of an anti-mould azole and liposomal amphotericin B with or without an echinocandin is suggested for A. lentulus and A. udagawae. Additionally, any one of voriconazole, isavuconazole, or posaconazole with or without liposomal amphotericin B with or without an echinocandin is indicated for A. tubingensis. Newer antifungal agents may have more significant activity against Aspergillus cryptic species.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0