Medical mycology最新文献

Geraniol inhibits both planktonic cells and biofilms of the Candida parapsilosis species complex: Highlight for the improved efficacy of amphotericin B, caspofungin and fluconazole plus Geraniol. 香叶醇可抑制副丝状念珠菌菌种群的浮游细胞和生物膜：两性霉素 B、卡泊芬净和氟康唑加香叶醇可提高疗效的亮点。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae105

José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Daniel Vieira Martins, Maria Gleiciane da Rocha, Géssica Dos Santos Araújo, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes, Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha

{"title":"Geraniol inhibits both planktonic cells and biofilms of the Candida parapsilosis species complex: Highlight for the improved efficacy of amphotericin B, caspofungin and fluconazole plus Geraniol.","authors":"José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Daniel Vieira Martins, Maria Gleiciane da Rocha, Géssica Dos Santos Araújo, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes, Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae105","url":null,"abstract":"The Candida parapsilosis species complex poses a recognized threat to the nosocomial environment. In the scenario of the global rise of resistant strains to antifungals, geraniol, a terpene isolated from different essential oils, has shown promising antimicrobial activity. We evaluated: (1) the effects of geraniol against the C. parapsilosis species complex, in planktonic and biofilm forms; (2) the strains' susceptibility to clinical antifungals and (3) the geraniol interaction with antifungals. Eighteen isolates were subjected to in vitro susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution protocol, using geraniol, amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole and fluconazole to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and subsequently, we measured the fungicidal activity. Geraniol was tested against biofilms by the measurement of the metabolic activity and biomass. Pharmacological interactions were performed by the checkerboard method. Geraniol's MIC range was between 256 and 512 µg/ml. MIC range for clinical antifungals was ≤ 0.031-4 µg/ml. Geraniol also showed antibiofilm activity with average reductions of metabolic activity (38.33%) and biomass (30.69%), at MIC concentration. Furthermore, geraniol showed synergistic/additive effects with antifungals. Briefly, geraniol inhibits both planktonic cells and biofilms of the C. parapsilosis species complex and besides it improves the efficacy of amphotericin B, caspofungin and fluconazole.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Candida tropicalis morphotypes show altered cellular structure and gene expression pre- and post-exposure to fluconazole. 热带念珠菌形态在暴露于氟康唑前后显示出细胞结构和基因表达的改变。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae110

Murilo M Dos Santos, Cássia M de Souza, Luciana Furlaneto-Maia, Marcia C Furlaneto

{"title":"Candida tropicalis morphotypes show altered cellular structure and gene expression pre- and post-exposure to fluconazole.","authors":"Murilo M Dos Santos, Cássia M de Souza, Luciana Furlaneto-Maia, Marcia C Furlaneto","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae110","url":null,"abstract":"A feature of Candida tropicalis is its ability to undergo phenotypic switching that can affect antifungal sensitivity and virulence traits. Here, we investigated the effect of switching on alterations at the cellular structure level of C. tropicalis morphotypes and whether exposure to fluconazole (FLC) in vitro could be associated with these alterations in a morphotype-dependent manner. Candida tropicalis morphotypes included clinical isolate (Parental) and two switch strains (Crepe variant and revertant of Crepe-RC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of fluconazole was determined according to EUCAST. Cell wall porosity, quantification of cell wall components, cell size/complexity, and expression of ERG11 and CDR1 genes in morphotypes pre- and post-exposure to fluconazole were determined. Crepe and RC showed an eightfold higher MIC50 (1 µg/ml) than the Parental (0.125 µg/ml). Exposure to FLC resulted in twofold higher MIC50 for Parental and RC. The Crepe variant exhibited a fourfold higher expression of ERG11, and the RC showed 10-fold higher expression of CDR1 than the clinical isolate. Switch strains showed reduced cell wall porosity compared to Parental, and exposure to FLC resulted in a significant reduction in the porosity of Parental and RC cells. Furthermore, phenotypic switching affected cell wall β-1,3-glucan and chitin contents in a morphotype-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that switching affects cellular structure in C. tropicalis and the occurrence of differential alterations between the clinical isolate and its switched states in response to fluconazole exposure.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malassezia gallinae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from skins of chickens. Malassezia gallinae sp.

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae109

Yu-Jing Zhao, Qin Ma, Miao-Miao Liu, Qi-Ming Wang

引用次数: 0

Current taxonomic status of the cultivable and uncultivable Paracoccidioides species. 可栽培和不可栽培 Paracoccidioides 物种的分类现状。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae108

Leonel Mendoza, Raquel Vilela

引用次数: 0

Variable reliability of the (1,3)-β-d-glucan test for screening Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-negative patients depending on the underlying condition. (1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测法筛查艾滋病毒阴性患者肺孢子虫肺炎的可靠性因基础疾病而异。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae106

Eric Kostka, Yohann Le Govic, Céline Damiani, Anne Totet

{"title":"Variable reliability of the (1,3)-β-d-glucan test for screening Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-negative patients depending on the underlying condition.","authors":"Eric Kostka, Yohann Le Govic, Céline Damiani, Anne Totet","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae106","url":null,"abstract":"(1,3)-β-d-Glucan (BG) assay is a non-invasive test commonly used in the diagnostic of invasive fungal diseases. Given its high sensitivity, it was suggested that a negative BG result is sufficient for excluding the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). However, suboptimal performance has been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients, particularly those with haematological malignancies. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of the BG assay for diagnosing PCP in HIV-negative patients based on their underlying PCP risk factors. We conducted a single-center, retrospective study (2009-2021) enrolling HIV-negative patients diagnosed with PCP and who underwent BG testing. Patients colonized with Pneumocystis jirovecii were included as a control group. In all, 55 PCP patients and 61 colonized patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were further categorized according to the underlying condition that exposes patients to PCP. Median BG concentration was significantly higher in the PCP group than in the colonization group (500 vs. 31 pg/ml; P < 10-4, Mann-Whitney test) and the BG assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82% for PCP diagnosis. Notably, sensitivity was significantly higher in non-cancer patients (100%) compared to those with solid cancer (72%) and haematologic cancer (79%) (P < .05, Fischer's exact test). These findings strengthen the high performance of BG testing for screening PCP in non-cancer patients, comparable to that observed in HIV-infected individuals. In contrast, they highlight its low reliability in patients with malignancies, emphasizing the importance of considering underlying conditions when interpreting BG results and refining the role of the test in PCP diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusarium spp. Causing invasive disease in humans: a case series from north India. 引起人类侵袭性疾病的镰刀菌属：印度北部的系列病例。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae111

Sudesh Gourav, Himanshu Mishra, Immaculata Xess, Ashu Seith Bhalla, Stuti Chandola, Sonakshi Gupta, Kavi Priya Appasami, Balaji Dattatraya Shukla, Sameer Bakhshi, Aish Manhas, Mragnayani Pandey, Bhaskar Rana, Gagandeep Singh

{"title":"Fusarium spp. Causing invasive disease in humans: a case series from north India.","authors":"Sudesh Gourav, Himanshu Mishra, Immaculata Xess, Ashu Seith Bhalla, Stuti Chandola, Sonakshi Gupta, Kavi Priya Appasami, Balaji Dattatraya Shukla, Sameer Bakhshi, Aish Manhas, Mragnayani Pandey, Bhaskar Rana, Gagandeep Singh","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myae111","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their inherent resistance to different classes of antifungals, early identification of Fusarium spp. is crucial. In this study, ten clinical isolates were included from patients with invasive fusariosis involving lungs, sinuses or both. Clinico-radiological data were collected. Samples were processed by standard laboratory procedures. Three gene regions (ITS, TEF1 and RPB2) were amplified by PCR for multilocus sequencing. Fusarium MLST, FUSARIUM-ID and FUSARIOID-ID databases were used for final identification. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution following CLSI M38-A3 and Sensititre™ YeastOne™ YO9 plate. Pulmonary involvement was seen in all patients, and sino-nasal involvement was present in six. Radiologically, consolidations and cavitations were present in eight and six cases respectively. Halo sign was present in six; reverse halo sign was also found in three of them. Direct microscopy showed septate hyphae that were morphologically different from those found in aspergillosis. Results of the molecular identification were as follows: 2 F. irregulare, 1 F. pernambucanum, 1 F. incarnatum, 1 F. sp. FIESC 30, 2 F. keratoplasticum, 1 F. falciforme, 1 F. pseudonygamai and 1 F. delphinoides. For both Fusarium solani (FSSC) and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) species complexes, amphotericin B had lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Importantly, for terbinafine, all FIESC isolates had low MICs while FSSC isolates had high MICs. In some cases, early identification of Fusarium spp. is possible by means of morphology of hyphae on direct microscopy and findings on radiology. Molecular identification at least to the species complex level is crucial for choice of antifungals.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Routine laboratory screening for CYP51A-related azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus using Etest: concordance with gene sequencing. 使用 Etest 对烟曲霉中与 CYP51A 相关的唑类抗药性进行常规实验室筛查：与基因测序的一致性。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae107

Charlotte Rabault, Yann Rakotoarivony, Sandrine Houzé, Christine Bonnal, Valentin Joste

引用次数: 0

Microsporum audouinii: Emergence of an etiological agent of tinea capitis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2012-2019). 奥杜因小孢子菌：巴西里约热内卢出现的头癣病原体（2012-2019 年）。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae096

Mariana Franco Ferraz Santino, Cecilia Siqueira de Melo, Analy Salles de Azevedo Melo, Soraia Lopes Lima, Marilene do Nascimento Paixão, Tiyomi Akiti, Gloria Barreiros, Eduardo Mastrangelo Marinho Falcão, Simone Saintive Barbosa

引用次数: 0

Detection of Ophidiomyces and Nannizziopsis spp. in the dermal lesions of free-roaming native snakes in Taiwan. 在台湾自由漫游的本地蛇的皮肤病变中检测到 Ophidiomyces 和 Nannizziopsis spp.

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae103

Wei-Yin Lai, Chun-Kai Yang, Pei-Lun Sun, Wen-Ta Li, Xuan-Rui Liu, Chiao-Wen Chen, Pin-Huan Yu

{"title":"Detection of Ophidiomyces and Nannizziopsis spp. in the dermal lesions of free-roaming native snakes in Taiwan.","authors":"Wei-Yin Lai, Chun-Kai Yang, Pei-Lun Sun, Wen-Ta Li, Xuan-Rui Liu, Chiao-Wen Chen, Pin-Huan Yu","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae103","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysosporium-related fungi refers to an assemblage of fungi belonging to the Nannizziopsis, Ophidiomyces, and Paranannizziopsis genera. Chrysosporium-related fungi infection results in various skin lesions, such as necrosis and ulcers, in both captive and free-roaming reptiles. To update the prevalence of ophidiomycosis in Taiwan, which was first detected in 2019, we conducted a large-scale ecological survey of free-roaming native snakes with skin lesions in Taiwan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on Chrysosporium-related fungi prevalence in Southeast Asia. Fungal samples collected from the skin lesions of snakes were cultured and subjected to morphological, histopathological, and molecular analyses. We examined 2382 free-roaming snakes representing 42 snake species; among them, 132 (5.54%) had skin lesions. Ten (0.42%) snakes, representing four species, tested positive for Ophidiomyces (five snakes, four species) or a possibly novel Nannizziopsis species (five snakes, three species). The infected snakes were generally healthy, with mild clinical signs. The low prevalence rate, mild clinical signs, and broad pathogen/host range suggest that Ophidiomyces and Nannizziopsis are endemic to Southeast Asia. The newly reported presence of Nannizziopsis in free-roaming snakes suggests the need for modifying the currently used surveillance strategy.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in haemato-oncology patients in a routine diagnostic setting. 在常规诊断环境中诊断血液肿瘤患者的侵袭性曲霉菌病。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Medical mycology Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae100

Dhanalakshmi Solaimalai, Rosemol Varghese, Sujith Karumathil, Uday Kulkarni, Biju George, Joy Sarojini Michael

{"title":"Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in haemato-oncology patients in a routine diagnostic setting.","authors":"Dhanalakshmi Solaimalai, Rosemol Varghese, Sujith Karumathil, Uday Kulkarni, Biju George, Joy Sarojini Michael","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae100","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is a potentially lethal infection in high-risk haemato-oncology patients. Since traditional diagnostic methods have many inherent challenges, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been used to diagnose IA. This prospective study evaluated a commercial AsperGenius multiplex real-time PCR for its clinical utility in diagnosing IA compared with galactomannan (GM) testing serum samples from haemato-oncology patients with clinically suspected IA. A total of 107 patients were recruited between April 2022 and March 2023. Serum samples (n = 113) collected from those patients for the routine diagnosis by GM Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) were subjected to PCR. The patients were categorised into probable, possible, and no IA based on revised (2020) and previous (2008) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC-MSG) criteria. The performance characteristics of PCR and GM were calculated against the EORTC criteria by combining probable and possible cases as diseased groups. Among the 107 recruited patients, 93 were categorised into probable/possible IA (diseased group) and 14 into no IA group. The PCR was positive in 53 samples from 49 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of single positive PCR and GM were 51.61% [95% confidence interval, 41-62], 92.86% (66.1-99.8) and 26.88% (18.2-37.1), 92.86% (66.1-99.8), respectively. The combination-based strategy (GM and/or PCR positive) exhibited a moderate sensitivity of 62.37% (51-72.2) and a specificity of 85.71% (57.2-98.2). To conclude, the combined strategy of serum GM and/or PCR positivity, along with radiological findings that fulfilled the EORTC/MSG criteria, has improved the diagnosis of probable IA among high-risk haematological patients with clinically suspected IA.","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0