Medical mycology最新文献

{"title":"Fungal diagnostics capacity in Malaysia: A survey across 48 laboratories.","authors":"Sahlawati Mustakim, Jacinta Santhanam, Wan Nur Athirah Muhammad Ghazali, Murnihayati Hassan, Tzar Mohd Nizam, Syaziah Ibrahim, Marlinda Mohd Ali, Rayuwani Mohamad Kamal, Hafzan Baharim, Aniz Suriani Mohd Ali, Nor Izzah Mazan, Rinni Damayanti Samsuddin, Mohd Zaki Mohd Zaili, Noorhayati Abdul Rahman, Sharifah Saidah Syed Omar, Ruzanna Dayanna Zawawi, Ruixin Tan, Nor Akmal Mokhtar, Amalina Rozik, Nurzam Suhaila Che Hussin, Nurulhuda Umur Adli, Zarifah Zam, Nor Anisa Md Radzi, Susilahwati Muhammad, Noor Hasliza Zainol, Nurul Azira Sidek, Azura Hussin, Wan Azlirull Aini Ahmad Ghazali, Yuhin Karina Yusoff, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Edahayati Ahmad Tajudin, Roshalina Rosli, Rukumani Devi Velayuthan, Norlela Othman, Dayangku Seritul Akmar Abd Razak, Nasrina Nasran, Wei Chuan Chua","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections affect 2% of Malaysia's population, yet little is known about mycology laboratory practices in the country. This study surveyed 48 medical institutions, including 14 state hospitals, 26 major specialist hospitals, 4 minor specialist hospitals, 3 university hospitals, and 1 reference laboratory, to assess current practices and identify areas for improvement. Nearly all hospitals performed germ tube testing for Candida albicans (87.5%, 42/48). Yeast identification was conducted using API® (52%, 25/48) or VITEK® (52%, 25/48), with 2 institutions employing both methods. Advanced methods like MALDI-TOF were used in only 39.6% (19/48) of institutions, while PCR and DNA sequencing (6.3%, 3/48 each) were limited to university and reference labs. Mould identification primarily relied on the tease mount method (91.7%, 44/48) indicating widespread capability for morphological identification. Antifungal susceptibility testing for yeast was available in all hospitals except minor specialist hospitals, using VITEK® (35.4%, 17/48), Sensititre® (20.8%, 10/48), or Etest® (8.3%, 4/48). Serology testing focused on opportunistic mycoses, particularly Cryptococcus spp. (50.0%, 24/48), while testing for endemic pathogens like Histoplasma was rare (2.1%, 1/48). Aspergillosis testing was limited to galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and lateral flow assay (6.3%, 3/48 each), and no institutions performed (1,3)-beta-D-glucan testing. While advanced diagnostics were available in state and major hospitals, minor specialist hospitals lacked access. These findings highlight the urgent need to enhance laboratory infrastructure, expand access to advanced diagnostics like MALDI-TOF, and train personnel to improve fungal infection management in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix Brasiliensis: Focus on its Potential Transmission Routes and Epidemiological Profile.","authors":"Fernanda de Andrade Galliano Daros Bastos, Marconi Rodrigues de Farias, Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião, Francelise Bridi Cavassin, Fabiana Dos Santos Monti, Rogério Rodrigues Vilas Boas, Bruno Paulo Rodrigues Lustosa, Emanuel Razzolini, Vânia Aparecida Vicente, Flávio Queiroz-Telles","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) by Sporothrix brasiliensis is an important epizoonosis with alarming numbers of cases involving felines, canines and humans. Considering the increasing incidence of CTS this study sought to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of cats with sporotrichosis and evaluate the potential transmission routes of S. brasiliensis in several biological samples from cats with sporotrichosis. Samples were collected from ulcerated skin lesions, front paws, nasal cavity, and droplets collected from sick cats during sneezing episodes in a veterinarian university hospital, in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil, between June 2021 and April 2022. A total of 100 cats with sporotrichosis were enrolled in the study. The fungus was isolated in 60% of samples from the nasal cavity and in 71% of respiratory droplets. The growth of S. brasiliensis on the right and left front paw was observed in 41% of the cats included, and in 38% there was growth of the fungus even without an apparent lesion on the paw. Of the infected cats, 64% had multifocal lesions throughout the body. The identification of S. brasiliensis in samples of exudate, paws, nasal cavity and sneeze droplets suggests that transmission can occur not only through classic routes, but also through the movement of the infected cat, as well as through respiratory droplets expelled by the cat sneezing or nasal drip. Furthermore, the presence of S. brasiliensis on the paws of sick cats indicates the possibility that the fungus is being disseminated in the environment in which the animal lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 40-year antifungal susceptibility surveillance of Talaromyces marneffei (1984-2024) at a tertiary hospital in Guangxi, China.","authors":"Xinyu Zhou, Yanqing Zheng, Dongyan Zheng, Zhiwen Jiang, Kaisu Pan, Guoqun Liu, Saroj Karki, Xiaojuan He, Cunwei Cao","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term trends in the antifungal susceptibility of Talaromyces marneffei isolates have not been well characterized. We conducted a 40-year surveillance study analyzing the antifungal susceptibility of 131 T. marneffei isolates collected from the clinical laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between 1984 and 2024. In vitro susceptibilities to conventional antifungal agents, including itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B, were analyzed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. We also explored the potential influence of host Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status and fungal mating type (MAT) on susceptibility patterns. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B ranged from 0.015 to 0.06 μg/ml, 0.008 to 0.03 μg/ml, 1 to 8 μg/ml, and 0.25 to 1 μg/ml, respectively. Fluconazole showed a significant decline in susceptibility over time (P < .01), whereas the susceptibilities to the other antifungals remained stable (P > .05). The correlations observed between the MICs of different triazoles (P < .01) suggest potential cross-resistance among triazoles. MAT and HIV infection status did not significantly affect antifungal susceptibility patterns (P > .05). These findings underscore the importance of ongoing antifungal susceptibility surveillance in T. marneffei, considering the changes in fluconazole susceptibility and potential triazole cross-resistance, while other antifungals remain stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcomes of ocular candidiasis among patients who use buprenorphine intravenously.","authors":"Yoo-Ri Chung, Delphine Lam, Yves Edel, Eric Caumes, Francesc March de Ribot, Arnaud Fekkar, Bahram Bodaghi, Sara Touhami","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of ocular candidiasis in patients using buprenorphine intravenously. A retrospective analysis of 35 eyes of people who use drugs diagnosed with presumed ocular candidiasis between 2000 and 2017 was performed. Data on demographics, ocular findings, and microbiological results were extracted from medical records. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors of poor visual prognosis, then multivariate analysis used the variables that were statistically significant in univariate analysis. Most patients (83%) were male, with a mean duration of 7.1 ± 7.3 years from the onset of intravenous use of buprenorphine to diagnosis of ocular candidiasis. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA in logMAR) at diagnosis was 1.33 ± 0.73, improving significantly to 0.94 ± 0.91 at the last follow-up (P = .019). Diagnostic samples included aqueous humor from all patients and vitrectomy samples from 26 patients (74%), with positivity rates for Candida species culture of 23% and 27%, respectively. Extraocular sites tested positive for Candida in 54% of cases. Although representing 66% of identifications, Candida albicans was not the only identified organism. Treatment involved primarily fluconazole (91%) and intravitreal amphotericin B (69%). Poor visual outcomes correlated with low BCVA and presence of retinal detachment at baseline. Ocular candidiasis occurs in the context of chronic drug use. Diagnostic yield from ocular samples is relatively low, necessitating the investigation of extraocular infection sites or injection equipment. Poor baseline vision and retinal detachment were significant predictors of poor visual prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Drug-resistance genes and antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton verrucosum variants isolated from bovine skin lesions and farm environments.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":"63 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of invasive fungal infection in tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients.","authors":"Rejane Roncaglio, Dienefer Venske Bierhals, Emília Ferreira Andrade, Bianca Dos Santos Blan, Romina Buffarini, Andrea Von Groll, Rossana Patrícia Basso, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Ivy Bastos Ramis","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent important public health problems. Suppression of the immune system, due to both diseases, predisposes to the development of opportunistic infections, such as invasive fungal infections (IFI). The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of investigation of IFI in TB/HIV co-infected patients, identify the most frequent IFI and evaluate the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of TB/HIV/IFI patients. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted including patients assisted at Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Corrêa Jr. (HU-FURG/Ebserh), in Rio Grande City, southern Brazil. All patients diagnosed with TB/HIV from 2017 to 2022 were included, and databases were analyzed for data regarding mycological exams for fungal disease investigation. Of the 194 TB/HIV co-infected patients, 77.8% (n = 151) were investigated for at least one IFI. Co-infection was confirmed in 13.9% (21/151), being 52.4% (n = 11) of the patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis, followed by histoplasmosis (47.6%; n = 10) and probable invasive aspergillosis (IA) (9.6%; n = 2). Furthermore, some patients presented more than one fungal co-infection (9.5%; n = 2). CD4 T cell count < 200 cells/mm3 represented a risk factor for the development of IFI (P = 0.006) and the outcome death was higher in the TB/HIV/IFI group, as well as 38% of patients died. Even without a systematic investigation for IFI in TB/HIV patients, a high rate of co-infection was shown. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate TB and IFI concomitantly, in people living with HIV, due to the worsening of the outcome when these infections are associated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural practices and biological characteristics as determinants of the prevalence of human pathogens A. fumigatus sensu stricto and A. udagawae.","authors":"Freddy Villanueva-Cotrina, Guillermo García-Effron, Soledad Gamarra, Julieta Mariana Rojas, Heli Barron-Pastor, Melina Lorenzini, Gustavo Giusiano","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) comprises saprophytic moulds that naturally inhabit a wide range of biomes including cultivated soils where climatic factors and agricultural practices can influence the composition of fungal communities. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto is the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals, but closely related species have also emerged as important pathogens. We analyzed 29 soil samples (13 from orchards and 16 from conventional agricultural soils) collected at different times and seasons. Interestingly, the 48 ASF strains isolated matched to only two species, typified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto (28) and A. udagawae (20). Significant differences in the prevalence of both species were observed. A higher recovery of A. fumigatus sensu stricto was obtained in spring and A. udagawae in summer and winter. Considering the agricultural production system, A. fumigatus sensu stricto was more prevalent in agroecological orchards and A. udagawae in conventional agricultural soils. Our results suggest that the presence of only these two species may be attributed to their distinctive biological characteristics and the climatic conditions prevailing in the study area. While the prevalence of A. fumigatus sensu stricto in agroecological orchards and A. udagawae in conventional agriculture, may be a result of the ecological impact of agricultural production systems. Our study provides empirical evidence in support of a potential model whereby the presence and distribution of ASF species in agricultural soils may be driven by two key factors: their biological characteristics and the use of agrochemical compounds for crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic burden of fungal diseases in the United States.","authors":"Kaitlin Benedict, Jeremy A W Gold, Tom Chiller, Meghan Lyman","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conservatively estimated the annual US fungal disease-related economic burden as $19.4 billion, including direct medical costs ($13.4 billion) of hospitalizations (n = 133 555) and outpatient visits (n = 13.4 million), $1.7 billion from absenteeism, and $4.3 billion from deaths (n = 7288). These findings underscore the need for fungal disease surveillance, treatment, and prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspergillus latus: A cryptic causative agent of aspergillosis emerging in Japan.","authors":"Saho Shibata, Momotaka Uchida, Sayaka Ban, Katsuhiko Kamei, Akira Watanabe, Takashi Yaguchi, Vit Hubka, Hiroki Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allodiploid hybrid species, Aspergillus latus, belonging to section Nidulantes, is a hybrid of A. spinulosporus and an unknown species closely related to A. quadrilineatus and A. sublatus. This hybrid has often been misidentified as the species in section Nidulantes, such as A. nidulans, A. spinulosporus, A. sublatus, or other cryptic species. Aspergillus latus has not been reported in Japan as well as Asia so far. In this study, we screened 23 clinical strains identified as A. spinulosporus isolated in Japan from 2012 to 2023 and found seven A. latus strains. To characterize the A. latus strains, we conducted comprehensive phenotyping including morphological observation, whole genome sequences, and phylogenetic analysis based on calmodulin (CaM) gene. In addition, we conducted antifungal susceptibility testing for A. latus strains. As a result, the morphological characters of A. latus were more similar to those of A. spinulosporus compared to A. sublatus. However, the ascospore of A. latus differed from that of A. spinulosporus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that different CaM alleles from the same isolate clustered separately with A. spinulosporus and A. sublatus, consistent with its hybrid origin. Furthermore, A. latus strains showed reduced susceptibility to caspofungin and amphotericin B compared to A. spinulosporus, while they were susceptible to azoles. Our results suggest that A. latus has been a causative pathogen of aspergillosis in Japan since 2013.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Fungitell STAT point-of-care test for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases.","authors":"C Cordier, N Lauwerier, E Faure, J Poissy, A Rouzé, N François, F Vuotto, S Loridant, J Leroy, M Cornu, B Sendid","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1→3)-ß-d-glucans (BDG), major cell wall components of most pathogenic fungi, are useful for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) due to their high negative predictive value. For several years, a number of BDG detection tests are commercially available, including Fungitell Assay (FA) and Wako assay, and more recently Fungitell STAT (STAT) unit test. Our aim was to compare the performance of the two Fungitell assays for IFD diagnosis. Sera from 90 patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP, n = 30), candidemia (n = 30) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA, n = 30), 30 patients colonized by P. jirovecii and 70 healthy controls (women followed-up during pregnancy) were analyzed retrospectively. STAT and FA assays were performed according to manufacturer's instructions. The overall level of agreement between two Fungitell assays was excellent (weighted Cohen's kappa = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.80-0.94]). BDG rates were significantly higher in candidemia, IPA and PJP than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). BDG rates were also significantly higher in PJP than for P. jirovecii colonization (p < 0.0001). AUC of STAT (0.92) was higher than FA (0.86) for IFD diagnosis. Using optimized positivity thresholds for IFD diagnosis (94 pg/ml and 0.86 for FA and STAT, respectively), sensitivities and specificities were 78.9% and 90% for FA and 85.6% and 88.6% for STAT, respectively. AUC of FA and STAT were higher for PJP diagnosis than for candidemia and IPA diagnosis. Compared to FA, STAT assay represents an interesting option for emergency IFD diagnosis and for small care centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}