Medical mycology最新文献

{"title":"Aspergillus spp., aspergillosis and azole usage in animal species in Europe: results from a multisectoral survey and review of recent literature.","authors":"Judith E de Jong, Annet E Heuvelink, Lucía Dieste Pérez, Manon M C Holstege","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillosis in humans and animals is caused by certain Aspergillus spp. and can be treated with fungicide azoles. Treatment in animals is often long and complicated by the lack of registered products, species specific pharmacodynamics, side effects and withdrawal periods for animal products. The emergence of azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. isolates from human, environmental and avian samples is alarming, requiring multisectoral attention and a One Health approach. Recent information on the prevalence and impact of aspergillosis in animals, and the use of fungicide azoles in their treatment is however lacking. In this study we collected and analysed data on the occurrence of aspergillosis and/or presence of Aspergillus spp., and the use of fungicide azoles in animal categories in Europe over the last decade, by means of an international survey and literature review. Thirty-three survey responses were included, from respondents with various professional backgrounds. Fifty-eight articles were included for literature review, of which 90% contained information on the presence of Aspergillus spp. in diseased or healthy animals and 38% on the veterinary use of azoles. Results were consistent: the presence of Aspergillus spp. and related disease, and the use of fungicide azoles were most frequently reported in 'companion animals' and 'zoo animals and wildlife'. Considering the limitations in interpreting the obtained results and the lack of available data, more consistent data collection is necessary to accurately estimate the importance of Aspergillus spp. and related diseases, the use of azoles in veterinary medicine and its relevance in public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Coccidioides serologic tests among culture-proven coccidioidomycosis patients with hematological malignancy compared to a matched immunocompetent cohort.","authors":"Mohanad M Al-Obaidi, Amith Rao, Tom Marco, Rishab Srivastava, Paulina Kuzmin, Saman Nematollahi, Tirdad T Zangeneh","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidioidomycosis is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity among immunosuppressed patients. The sensitivity of current commercial Coccidioides serologic tests is not well evaluated in patients with hematological malignancy. We conducted a retrospective study, including patients with culture-proven coccidioidomycosis, from October 1, 2017, to December 12, 2023. Cases with hematological malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HM) were matched with an immunocompetent cohort (1:2) to compare the sensitivity of serology (enzyme immunoassay IgG/IgM or Complement Fixation) tests-matched by age, gender, and race. We matched 43 HM patients with 86 controls. The median age of the HM/HSCT cohort was 67 (IQR, 52 - 75), 65% male, and 86% White. Most HM had lymphoma (37%), followed by leukemia (35%). Most cases had pulmonary infection (74%) vs. controls (84%), p-value=0.2, and 12% had a prior history of coccidioidomycosis compared to controls (17%), p-value=0.4. Positive Coccidioides serology test results among HM were statistically significantly lower than controls (37% vs. 72%), p-value≤0.001. Multivariate conditional logistic regression identified HM and a history of coccidioidomycosis were statistically significantly associated with positive serologic testing, with OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.12 - 0.62, p-value= 0.002) and OR 6.07 (95% CI 1.25 - 29.4, p-value= 0.025), respectively. Coccidioides serology tests in HM patients with culture-proven coccidioidomycosis had low sensitivity. Given the increased risk of complications in this group, future studies are needed to evaluate more sensitive diagnostic tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical approach to investigating nosocomial acquisition of Aspergillus.","authors":"Eelco F J Meijer, Aleksandra Marek, Gordon Ramage, Anuradha Chowdhary, Linda Bagrade, Andreas Voss, Abhijit M Bal","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive mould disease (IMD) has a high mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common IMD. A guideline for preventing IA has been published jointly by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Use of high-efficiency particulate air filters, adequate air exchange rates, sealing of patient rooms, and preventing exposure to moulds by nursing patients in areas away from construction sites are recommended by the guideline. However, there is limited information in relation to the actions to be undertaken by infection prevention and control teams in the event of one or more cases of nosocomial aspergillosis. In this review, we describe a systematic approach to aspergillosis by defining possible and probable nosocomial acquisition based on the number of days since hospital admission. We advocate an incremental response to the investigation of nosocomial aspergillosis in patients in protective isolation taking into account the number of cases and the likelihood of nosocomial origin. For single cases of nosocomial IA, we suggest that infection control investigations should focus on case surveillance and walk-through inspection escalating in a step-wise manner to enhanced case surveillance, verification of environmental controls, environmental monitoring, genotyping of clinical and environmental isolates, and review of antifungal prophylaxis for multiple cases and outbreaks. Where applicable, the construction site should be inspected with the aim to reduce the dispersal of conidia. Surveillance systems need to be strengthened to better understand the epidemiology of IA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The profound effect of diabetes mellitus control on outcomes of coccidioidomycosis.","authors":"Rawan El Kurdi, Alyssa McGary, Matthew R Buras, Patricia M Verona, Curtiss B Cook, Janis E Blair","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal infection caused by the soil-dwelling Coccidioides immitis/posadasii. One prior study showed that persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) with elevated glucose at the time of coccidioidomycosis had poorer coccidioidal outcomes compared to persons without DM. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between hemoglobin A1C (A1C) and outcomes among persons with coccidioidomycosis and co-existing DM. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of patients with DM (cases) and without DM (controls) with coccidioidomycosis, to assess the effect of glycemic control on outcomes in patients with DM. From January 1, 2017 to October 13, 2022, we identified 138 DM patients with coccidioidomycosis and compared with 283 non-DM control patients with coccidioidomycosis. Compared with controls, patients with DM were more likely to require hospitalization (OR 1.20, P < 0.001), have a lung cavity (OR 1.36, P < 0.001) and cavitary complications (OR 1.09, P = 0.001), require surgical management (OR 1.07, P = 0.016), and experience relapsed infection (OR 1.09, P = 0.041). Among the DM group, when baseline A1C was assessed as a continuous variable, each 1-unit increase of A1C had a significant effect on coccidioidomycosis-related hospitalizations (A1C OR 1.59, P = 0.005) and presence of cavities (OR 1.42, P = 0.01). Controlling for Charlson Comorbidity Index did not change the significance of A1C influence on outcomes of hospitalization and lung cavities. Compared with DM patients with A1C > 8.0, those with A1C levels ≤ 8.0 at presentation did not have increased adverse coccidioidomycosis outcomes. In summary, glycemic control profoundly impacts the outcomes of diabetic patients with coccidioidomycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of MIC Test Strip and reference broth microdilution method for amphotericin B and azoles susceptibility testing on wild type and non-wild type Aspergillus species.","authors":"Katherine Hermida-Alava, Santiago Pola, Guillermo García-Effrón, María L Cuestas","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was performed to evaluate whether the MIC Test Strip (MTS) quantitative assay for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) correlated with the CLSI reference broth microdilution method (BMD) for antifungal susceptibility testing of wild-type and non-wild-type Aspergillus species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients against antifungal agents known to be usually effective against Aspergillus spp. This study was performed to assist in the decision-making process for possible deployment of the MTS assay for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species into regional public health laboratories of Mycology due to difficulties in equipping the reference BMD methods in a laboratory routine. For this purpose, a set of 40 phenotypically diverse isolates (27 wild-type, 9 non-wild-type, and 4 species with reduced susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B (AMB)) collected from clinical samples were tested. MICs were performed by both MTS and reference BMD for AMB, and azoles. MTS results for posaconazole correlated well with reference BMD rendering an almost perfect agreement (kappa value = 1.000) by category interpretation (CI)/category distribution of MICs (CDM) (100%) while voriconazole MTS results yielded a substantial correlation with BMD (kappa value = 0.788) by CI/CDM (97.5%). In contrast, itraconazole and AMB yielded the poorest correlation with BMD, rendering a moderate agreement (kappa values of 0.554 and 0.437, respectively) by CI/CDM (87.5% and 85%, respectively). In conclusion, the MTS method represents a valid option for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species against posaconazole and voriconazole. Itraconazole and AMB MTS results showed some concerning lack of correlation with the corresponding reference BMD results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 on the antifungal consumption and antifungal resistance in Candida species isolated from the blood cultures of critically ill patients in intensive care units.","authors":"Emre Kara, Gokhan Metan, Dolunay Gülmez, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incidence of Candida species increased in critically ill COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antifungal consumption and Candida species distribution in bloodstream infections. We observed that a significant increase in non-albicansCandida species cases (P = .005) in 2021 coincided with higher rates of fluconazole resistance (P = .002) and increased minimum inhibitory concentrations for echinocandins (P = .012). Notably, voriconazole consumption and increased MIC levels positively correlated with both Candida albicans and non-albicansCandida species. This study underscores the importance of judicious antifungal use during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive sputum fungal culture, fungal sensitisation and airway microbial diversity in asthmatic children.","authors":"Paul J Seear, Kathryn G Welsh, Jack Satchwell, Deepa Patel, Catherine H Pashley, Andrew J Wardlaw, Erol A Gaillard","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensitisation to thermotolerant fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans which can colonise the airways is associated with poor lung function in children with asthma. Dysbiosis of bacteria and fungi in the airway microbiome has been reported between health and asthma but has yet to be characterised for fungal sensitised asthmatic children. We investigated if microbial diversity of the airways is altered in fungal sensitised school-age asthmatic children. Sputum samples from children with asthma who were fungal sensitised (n=22) and non-fungal sensitised (n=17) along with children without asthma (n=15), aged 5-16 years were profiled by traditional microbiological culture, modified fungal culture, bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 next generation sequencing. Microbiota were compared between groups using alpha/beta diversity and differential abundance analysis. Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly lower in asthma compared to disease controls and in stable compared to acute asthma. Fungal alpha and beta diversity did not change between asthma states and disease controls, but alpha diversity was significantly lower in asthma samples from patients with positive A. fumigatus culture. Children sensitised to fungi had similar microbial diversity compared to non-sensitised children. However, in children not sensitised to fungi, those with a positive airway fungal culture had significantly lower fungal alpha diversity and bacterial beta differences compared to children with negative fungal culture. Fungal sensitisation did not alter bacterial or fungal microbiota in the airways of asthmatic children. However, positive airway fungal culture was associated with significant changes in microbial diversity, particularly in non-fungal sensitised children with asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in South Africa (2018-2022).","authors":"Mbali Precious Nkosi, Keegan John Hoog, Michelle Lowe","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) causes P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) - a leading opportunistic infection among persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, individuals with underlying conditions such as cancer and transplant recipients are susceptible to PJP. Most data on PJP comes from other countries, with limited knowledge about its prevalence in Africa. The aim was to describe changes in the proportion of positive PJP tests in South Africa from 2018 to 2022. A five-year retrospective study was conducted on patients with suspected P. jirovecii, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), where laboratory diagnostics were done as part of routine patient care. Mann-Whitney test and chi-square tests were used to compare the age, sex, and wards with both the negative and positive results of PJP. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 8110 patients' results were retrieved and 8059 met the inclusion criteria. The positive test proportions of PJP in SA were 32.66%, 29.93%, 34.02%, 24.98%, and 25.78% respectively. The median age was 35 years, with interquartile range (IQR) of 24 to 43 years (p = 0.002). Female patients had a higher positive test proportion than males (59.39% vs 38.74%, p < 0.001). The proportion of positive PJP tests was higher in general wards (48.54%) and intensive care units (ICU) (18.99%) (p = 0.012). The epidemiology of PJP in South Africa is similar to that of other countries in some respects but is influenced by unique factors specific to the country. These findings are crucial for public health planning, emphasizing the need for targeted PJP prevention strategies considering sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an institutional antifungal stewardship program on antifungal usage and outcomes in patients with invasive fungal infections.","authors":"Janya Sachdev, Sudesh Gourav, Immaculata Xess, Manish Soneja, Sryla Punjadath, Vijaydeep Siddharth, Mragnayani Pandey, Sonakshi Gupta, Aish Manhas, Bhaskar Rana, Kavi Priya Appasami, Gagandeep Singh","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic and prophylactic use of antifungals is rising continuously. However, lack of awareness of diagnostic and treatment guidelines and limited laboratory modalities are leading to inappropriate use. This study assessed the impact of an institutional antifungal stewardship program on antifungal use practices and patient outcome. In the pre-intervention phase, data was collected regarding antifungal therapy among patients with invasive fungal infections. Appropriateness of antifungal prescription was assessed. In the intervention phase, simple algorithms for diagnosis and management of fungal infections were prepared from international guidelines; and incorporated into a booklet for distribution. Monthly training sessions were conducted. New serological and molecular tests and therapeutic drug monitoring were introduced. In the post-intervention phase, an antifungal stewardship team was constituted which was available for clinical advisory on demand and participated in ongoing training. Data regarding antifungal therapy was collected and compared with pre-intervention data. Proportion of untreated patients decreased from 25% to 18.9% post-intervention (P=0.28). Among patients with single fungal infection, appropriate antifungal use increased from 72.6% to 77.9% (P=0.4). Among those with dual fungal infections, appropriate antifungal use for at least one infection increased from 57.1% to 88.5% (P=0.04). 49 incidents of inappropriate use in various categories was seen among 75 patients who received antifungals pre-intervention, which decreased to 42 incidents among 94 patients post-intervention (P=0.06); particularly evident among patients with dual infections (P=0.002). Mortality increased from 51% to 75.86% post-intervention (P=0.0001). Overall, the small improvement noticed in antifungal usage pattern can still be considered significant, given the limited study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda from 2010 to 2022.","authors":"Stewart Walukaga, Ann Fieberg, Abdu Musubire, Lillian Tugume, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Enock Kagimu, John Kasibante, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Edward Mpoza, Jane Gakuru, Andrew Akampurira, Samuel Jjunju, James Mwesigye, Conrad Muzoora, Edwin Nuwagira, Ananta S Bangdiwala, Darlisha A Williams, Joshua Rhein, David B Meya, David R Boulware, Kathy Huppler Hullsiek, Radha Rajasingham","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myae115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mmy/myae115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given extensive improvements in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the past 12 years, the HIV and cryptococcal meningitis landscapes have dramatically changed since 2010. We sought to evaluate changes in clinical presentation and clinical outcomes of people presenting with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis between 2010 and 2022 in Uganda. We analyzed three prospective cohorts of HIV-infected Ugandans with cryptococcal meningitis during 2010-2012, 2013-2017, and 2018-2022. We summarized baseline demographics, clinical characteristics at presentation, and 2-week and 16-week mortality. Overall, 2022 persons had confirmed cryptococcal meningitis between 2010 and 2022. In the most recent 2018-2022 cohort, 48% presented as ART-naïve, and the median CD4 cell count was 26 cells/µl. Participants in the 2018-2022 cohort had the lowest cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (median 22 cmH2O) and the highest percentage with sterile CSF quantitative cultures (21%) compared with earlier cohorts (P < .001 for both), signifying a less severely ill population presenting with cryptococcal meningitis. Two-week mortality was lowest among participants with cryptococcal meningitis enrolled in a clinical trial in the 2018-2022 cohort at 13% compared to 26% in both 2010-2012 and 2013-2017 (P < .001). While AIDS-related deaths have dramatically declined over the past 12 years, cryptococcosis persists, presenting challenges to HIV program implementation. Two-week mortality has improved in the most recent cohort, likely due to the establishment of cryptococcal screening programs, better supportive care including scheduled lumbar punctures, and the availability of flucytosine-an essential component of antifungal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18586,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}