Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第6页

Ethical issues in the use of electronic monitoring (Global Positioning System 'tracking' technology) in forensic mental health settings - A four principles approach. 在法医心理健康环境中使用电子监测（全球定位系统“跟踪”技术）的伦理问题——四项原则方法。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251408760

Georgia Ashworth, Alex McKeown, John Tully

{"title":"Ethical issues in the use of electronic monitoring (Global Positioning System 'tracking' technology) in forensic mental health settings - A four principles approach.","authors":"Georgia Ashworth, Alex McKeown, John Tully","doi":"10.1177/00258024251408760","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251408760","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic monitoring ('tracking') of individuals has been used in the UK criminal justice system for over three decades, and its use is increasing. Electronic monitoring has more recently been implemented in forensic psychiatric services, which has generated considerable debate about the appropriateness of its use in clinical settings, and about legal and ethical concerns. The purpose of this article is to formally address the ethical issues that arise from using electronic monitoring in forensic psychiatry. These issues are considered using the Four Principles approach to medical ethics, namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. We conclude that by adopting a patient-centred approach, where informed consent is sought, and the patient's best interests remain central to the decision-making process, electronic monitoring is both ethical and justifiable. More robust studies are required to develop standardised clinical guidelines for the use of EM in forensic psychiatry, and to apply the theory of patient-centred, consent-driven care to practice.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the accuracy of Nolla, Cameriere-European, and Blenkin-Evans methods for dental age estimation of Turkish children. 评估Nolla、Cameriere-European和Blenkin-Evans方法对土耳其儿童牙齿年龄估计的准确性。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251365371

Burak Çarıkçıoğlu, Berkant Sezer

{"title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of Nolla, Cameriere-European, and Blenkin-Evans methods for dental age estimation of Turkish children.","authors":"Burak Çarıkçıoğlu, Berkant Sezer","doi":"10.1177/00258024251365371","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251365371","url":null,"abstract":"Dental age (DA) estimation plays a crucial role in forensic investigations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment planning. It is considered more reliable than skeletal methods due to the predictable nature of dental development. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three DA estimation methods-Nolla method, Cameriere-European formula, and Blenkin-Evans method-in Turkish children aged 6-14 years. A total of 1014 panoramic radiographs were analyzed. DA was estimated using the three methods and compared with chronological age (CA). Accuracy was assessed based on mean absolute error (MAE), mean difference (DA-CA), and correlation coefficients. Statistical analyses were performed to determine significant differences among methods. The Cameriere-European formula demonstrated the lowest MAE (0.44 for boys, 0.48 for girls, and 0.46 for all samples), indicating the highest accuracy, followed by the Blenkin-Evans (0.54 for boys, 0.53 for girls, and 0.54 for all samples) and Nolla (0.57 for boys, 0.65 for girls, and 0.61 for all samples) methods. However, the Cameriere-European formula slightly underestimated CA, particularly in older children. The Blenkin-Evans method showed relatively stable accuracy but overestimated CA in both sexes. The Nolla method generally underestimated CA, except in boys, where it slightly overestimated age. All three methods exhibited strong correlations with CA (Spearman rho correlation coefficients ranging from 0.953 to 0.970, all p < .001). The Cameriere-European formula provided the most accurate DA estimation method, followed by the Blenkin-Evans and Nolla methods for Turkish children from the Northwestern Anatolia. However, the observed biases highlight the need for population-specific calibrations.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specialist board autopsies in alleged medical negligence: An urgent necessity for India. 专家委员会对涉嫌医疗疏忽的尸检：印度迫切需要。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251407503

Deepak H D'Souza

引用次数: 0

Rethinking the death penalty through a public health lens: Examples from Malaysia. 从公共卫生角度重新思考死刑：来自马来西亚的例子。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251408740

Reyhaneh Bagheri, Mai Sato

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation of the foramen magnum using computed tomography data in Malaysian juveniles. 马来西亚青少年枕骨大孔计算机断层数据的性别估计。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251380960

Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Norliza Ibrahim

{"title":"Sex estimation of the foramen magnum using computed tomography data in Malaysian juveniles.","authors":"Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Norliza Ibrahim","doi":"10.1177/00258024251380960","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251380960","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the potential of the foramen magnum (FM) in the Malaysian juvenile population to estimate sex using computed tomography (CT) data. A total of 200 (male = 100; female = 100) CT images of Malaysian individuals aged between 8 and 16 were retrieved. The maximum length (FML) and width (FMW), area (FMA 1 and FMA 2), and index (FMI) of the three-dimensional image of the FM were measured and analysed using Mimics software version 20 (Materialise N.V., Heverlee, Belgium). These metric data were then used to develop sex estimation models through discriminant function analysis (DFA) and binary logistic regression (BLR). The results showed that all measurements in males were significantly higher than in females (p < 0.001), demonstrating a high potential for accurate sex classification. Additionally, females exhibited a wider FM than males, as indicated by the FM index. Based on univariate DFA analysis, FML and FMA 2 were identified as reliable variables for sex estimation, achieving an accuracy of 68.5% with a low sex bias rate of 1.2%. The multivariate DFA yielded a higher accuracy of 70.5% compared to the univariate analysis. Similarly, univariate and multivariate BLR analyses demonstrated comparable accuracies of 68.5%. Overall, the DFA showed greater accuracy and lower sex bias across all cases, including original and validation samples. This study suggests that FM parameters can complement existing sex estimation methods and be integrated with other techniques to improve skeletal sex determination.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causes of death among people living in prison in Greece: A 9-year retrospective study (2010-2018) at the national prison hospital. 希腊监狱生活人员的死亡原因：一项在国家监狱医院进行的9年回顾性研究（2010-2018年）。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363671

Sofia Boundi, Sotirios Roussos, Vana Sypsa

{"title":"Causes of death among people living in prison in Greece: A 9-year retrospective study (2010-2018) at the national prison hospital.","authors":"Sofia Boundi, Sotirios Roussos, Vana Sypsa","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363671","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251363671","url":null,"abstract":"People living in prisons have higher mortality rates compared to the general population. We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths recorded between 2010 and 2018 at the sole prison hospital in Greece (Korydallos Prison Special Health Centre for men) to assess the causes of death overall and by type of offence (drug-related or other), sociodemographic characteristics by cause of death, and mortality trends over time. Permission to access forensic reports and criminal files was obtained from the relevant authorities. Deaths were categorized as either non-natural (drug overdose, suicide, and homicide) or natural (cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others). Between 2010 and 2018, 236 deaths were reported; 80.9% were natural deaths, and 19.1% were non-natural deaths. The primary causes of death were circulatory disease (34.7%), cancer (17.8%), suicide (10.2%), respiratory disease (8.9%), and overdose (6.4%). Suicide and overdose accounted for 53.3% and 33.3% of non-natural deaths, respectively. The mean (SD) age at death was 52.4 (16.2) years, with individuals experiencing non-natural deaths being significantly younger than those experiencing natural deaths [39.1 (10.5) vs. 55.5 (15.7), p < 0.001]. Among individuals incarcerated for drug-related offences, 23.8% died from non-natural causes, with drug overdose accounting for 60% of non-natural deaths. A significant peak in mortality was observed in 2013. This study emphasizes the need to closely monitor mortality rates, including drug-related fatalities, to implement suicide prevention training as well as measures to prevent deaths by overdose, including comprehensive harm reduction strategies, overdose education, and naloxone training.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"208-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosing autism in adult forensic settings. 在成人法医环境中诊断自闭症。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261458054

David Murphy, Clare Allely, Callum Ross, Elliot Carthy, Freya Walker, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Background asbestos fiber levels in autopsy lungs: Implications for forensic disease attribution in the post-ban era. 背景：尸检肺部石棉纤维水平：禁令后时代法医疾病归因的含义。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261459799

Silvia D Visonà, Silvana Capella, Barbara Bertoglio, Giovanni Cecchetto, Elena Belluso, Mattew Untalan, Emanuela Taioli

{"title":"Background asbestos fiber levels in autopsy lungs: Implications for forensic disease attribution in the post-ban era.","authors":"Silvia D Visonà, Silvana Capella, Barbara Bertoglio, Giovanni Cecchetto, Elena Belluso, Mattew Untalan, Emanuela Taioli","doi":"10.1177/00258024261459799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261459799","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestos exposure is a well-established cause of malignant mesothelioma and other respiratory diseases, and quantifying inorganic fiber lung burden is crucial in forensic and medico-legal contexts for attributing disease causality. However, data on background asbestos exposure and chronological trends in the general population remain limited. This study analyzed autopsy lung tissue samples from 81 individuals (38 males, 43 females) from Northern Italy who died between 2001 and 2024, all with no documented history of occupational or environmental asbestos exposure. Inorganic fibers, including asbestos and nonasbestos types, were counted and characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and concentrations were normalized per gram of dry lung tissue. Asbestos fibers were detected in 22.2% of cases, predominantly tremolite/actinolite, with higher concentrations observed in males. Ferruginous bodies were present in 17.3% of samples. Notably, asbestos lung content demonstrated a significant decline over time: only 9.5% of individuals born after 1946 had detectable asbestos fibers, compared to 35.9% of those born before 1946 (p < 0.05). Nonasbestos fibers, mainly talc, other phyllosilicates, and titanium dioxide, were also identified but did not show clear chronological trends. These findings indicate a marked decrease in asbestos lung burden in the general population, likely reflecting the effectiveness of asbestos bans. Current background levels are substantially lower than historical thresholds used for disease attribution, highlighting the need to revise reference values to ensure accurate causal attribution of asbestos-related diseases in forensic practice.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261459799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing patterns in volatile substance abuse fatalities: A retrospective case series from Northern Australia. 挥发性物质滥用死亡的变化模式：来自澳大利亚北部的回顾性病例系列。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261460353

Marianne Tiemensma, Salona Prahladh, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Changing patterns in volatile substance abuse fatalities: A retrospective case series from Northern Australia.","authors":"Marianne Tiemensma, Salona Prahladh, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024261460353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261460353","url":null,"abstract":"Volatile substance abuse (VSA) continues to cause preventable deaths worldwide. In Australia, petrol sniffing has historically been the main form of misuse in remote Indigenous communities. However, coronial and surveillance data suggest an increasing role of gas fuels and aerosol propellants. Twenty-five VSA-related deaths reported to the Northern Territory (NT) coroner over a 21-year period (2002-2022) were reviewed. In the 22 cases where acute volatile substance inhalation was the direct cause of death, the decedents were all male, and predominantly young Aboriginal individuals aged between 12 and 29 years. Furthermore, petrol vapor inhalation was responsible for most fatalities up to 2018, after which no further petrol sniffing-related deaths occurred. Deaths that occurred after 2018 were associated with the use of propane or butane from aerosol cans, such as those used for deodorants. A public health initiative that resulted from this was the keeping of aerosol deodorants in supermarkets within locked cabinets. In conclusion, public health interventions, such as the introduction of Opal fuel in remote communities in the NT, have been effective, with a sharp decrease in petrol sniffing-related fatalities. However, this seemed to have led to a shift towards the use of other inhalants, most commonly butane and/or propane inhaled from aerosol canisters. Forensic practitioners should be alert to non-petrol volatiles, and public health strategies need to broaden beyond petrol substitution to include regulatory and community-level measures addressing gas fuels and aerosols.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261460353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrity, objectivity, and the role of healthcare expert witnesses in the judicial system: An analysis of practice, Indonesian law, and a Foucauldian perspective. 诚信，客观，和医疗专家证人在司法系统中的作用：实践分析，印尼法律，和福柯的观点。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261459797

Aga Natalis

引用次数: 0