Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第6页

The importance of enhancing suicide prevention measures for females in Japan based on suicide trends and global suicide epidemiology. 根据自杀趋势和全球自杀流行病学，探讨加强日本女性自杀预防措施的重要性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231221345

Ken Inoue, Yuri Murayama, Yasuyuki Fujita, Tatsushige Fukunaga

引用次数: 0

Mental health care provision for segregated prisoners in England. 英格兰为隔离囚犯提供的心理保健服务。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241236022

Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Machine learning and regression analysis for age estimation from the iliac crest based on computed tomographic explorations in an Indian population. 基于印度人口计算机断层扫描探查的髂嵴年龄估计机器学习和回归分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231198917

Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"Machine learning and regression analysis for age estimation from the iliac crest based on computed tomographic explorations in an Indian population.","authors":"Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231198917","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231198917","url":null,"abstract":"Age estimation constitutes an integral parameter of identification. In children, sub-adults, and young adults, accurate age estimation is vital on various aspects of civil, criminal, and immigration law. The iliac crest presents as a suitable age marker within these age cohorts, and the modified Risser method constitutes a relatively novel and unexplored method for iliac crest age estimation. The present study attempted to ascertain the applicability of this modified method for age estimation in the Indian population, an aspect previously unexplored, through computed tomographic examination of the iliac crest. Computed tomography scans of consenting individuals undergoing routine examinations of the pelvis/ abdomen for various clinically indicated reasons were collected and scored using the modified Risser stages. Computed tomographic examinations of the iliac crest indicate that the recalibrated method accurately depicts the temporal progression of ossification and fusion changes. Different regression and machine learning models were subsequently derived and/or trained to evaluate the accuracy and precision associated with the method. Amongst the ten regression models derived herein, compound regression exhibited the lowest inaccuracy (4.78 years) and root mean squared error values (5.46 years). Machine learning yielded further reduced error rates, with decision tree regression achieving inaccuracy and root mean squared error values of 1.88 years and 2.28 years, respectively. A comparative evaluation of error computations obtained from regression analysis and machine learning illustrates the statistical superiority of machine learning for forensic age estimation. Error computations obtained with machine learning suggest that the modified Risser method is capable of permitting reliable age estimation within criminal and civil proceedings.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"204-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report. 食管内镜扩张后致死性脑空气栓塞1例。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231212878

Kimberly Hamilton, Matthew Orde, Gordon Finlayson

{"title":"Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report.","authors":"Kimberly Hamilton, Matthew Orde, Gordon Finlayson","doi":"10.1177/00258024231212878","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231212878","url":null,"abstract":"This is a case of a patient who underwent an esophageal dilatation for benign esophageal strictures. As a consequence of the procedure, she developed an esophageal rupture and multiple cerebral and cerebellar air emboli resulting in infarction. The patient died after being placed on comfort care measures. The postmortem examination revealed focal breach of the esophageal mucosa but no sites of cardiac or vascular shunting that could account for the transit of air from the esophagus to the central nervous system. The phenomenon of vascular air entry as a consequence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic intervention is an uncommon but very serious complication of balloon dilatation therapy. Instances of progression to intracranial arterial gas embolism are even less common, but are well described in a small number of case reports. We present a fatal case of central nervous system air embolism post-balloon dilatation therapy with associated antemortem imaging, autopsy, and microscopic images followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms of entry of air into the brain.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92155194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population. 利用三维体积渲染技术，通过回归方程对印度北部人口的肩胛骨测量结果进行身材估算。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231193585

Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy

{"title":"Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population.","authors":"Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy","doi":"10.1177/00258024231193585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231193585","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the correlation between the stature and scapular measurements from both sides in order to develop population-specific regression equations to estimate the stature from measurements of the scapula in a contemporary Northern Indian population individually for the left and right sides. A total of 597 cadavers underwent postmortem multidetector computed tomography and subsequent medicolegal autopsy in our department between August 2021 and August 2022. Two hundred samples (100 males and 100 females) were randomly collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six linear anthropometric measurements of the scapula from either side were measured using the 3D volume-rendered technique by an electronic cursor. Each anthropometric measurement showed a significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). Regression analysis was applied to match the taken measurements against stature. The accuracy to predict stature ranged from 3.99 to 4.94 cm for males and from 4.49 to 5.27 cm for females, respectively. Left-sided measurements were better predictors of stature than the right side in both genders. The results of this study indicate that scapular measurements could be useful to estimate the stature of Northern Indian individuals, particularly in scenarios of disaster victim identification lacking long bones, which are considered to be better predictors to date.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review. 沙特阿拉伯的校园暴力：范围审查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231216550

Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes

{"title":"School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review.","authors":"Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes","doi":"10.1177/00258024231216550","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231216550","url":null,"abstract":"School violence comprises a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, and sexual acts that impact children and adolescents physically, psychologically, and academically. The aim of this article is to provide a scoping review of school violence in Saudi Arabia. The adversities of school violence and related forensic, legal, and social aspects from a Saudi Arabian perspective are discussed. The articles were extracted through the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases in a comprehensive criteria-based search strategy using relevant MeSH terms to identify papers related to school violence in Saudi Arabia from inception to October 6, 2022, and a total of 14 studies have been extracted and discussed. There were indicates that male students tend to engage in physical violence while females tend to engage in verbal violence. The consequences included having a significant impact on students' mental wellbeing, followed by a decrease in academic performance. Therefore, this study will identify the risk factors and present the preventive methods that can guide local institutions to establish new policies to increase awareness and implement culturally acceptable, community-based programs against school violence in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland. 爱尔兰共和国亲密和非亲密杀戮女性案件中受害者与犯罪者的关系、年龄和杀人方式。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231196628

Bernadette M Manifold

{"title":"Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024231196628","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231196628","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a review of femicides over 31 years (1991-2021) from the Republic of Ireland. A total of 253 cases were located and reviewed, of those 125 were intimate partner homicides (IPH) and 128 non-intimate homicides (NIH). One hundred and ninety-nine (78%) girls and women were killed by a male known to them - intimate partner (husband, partner, boyfriend, ex-partner, ex-boyfriend) (n = 125; 48%), family members (son, grandson, brother, cousin) (n = 25; 10%) and/or acquaintances (n = 49; 19%) from adolescence to old age. Thirty-one (12%) were killed by a stranger and 23 cases remain unsolved at this time. The method of killing depended on the relationship and age of the victim and perpetrator. The majority of IPH victims were less than 45 years of age (n = 101). Twenty-four were over 45 years of which six were over 60 years of age. The leading method of killing in IPHs was stabbing and strangulation and this was more prevalent in those aged between 26 and 45 years. As age increases, IPH decreases with the exception of cases of IP homicide-suicide. Adolescents (13-19 years) and young women (20-25 years) were more often killed by strangulation. Strangulation was also the leading cause of death in stranger killings particularly with sexual violence. There were 20 cases of matricide, with 17 perpetrators suffering from a mental illness at the time of the killing. The leading method of homicide in non-intimate homicides was blunt force trauma.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10052213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022. 英国诺福克和诺威奇大学医院在引入法医服务前后向皇家验尸官发出通知的性质和结果的变化：2018 年与 2022 年。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241260573

Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake

{"title":"Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022.","authors":"Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake","doi":"10.1177/00258024241260573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241260573","url":null,"abstract":"A medical examiner (ME) system was introduced to England and Wales in 2019 intended to ensure appropriate notification of cases to HM Coroner (HMC). The aim of the study is to determine and compare: (a) the nature of notifications to HMC for Norfolk from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) in 2018 compared with 2022; (b) to determine the outcome of those notifications and (c) to establish patterns of change in the number and nature of such notifications. HMC and ME datasets were interrogated to determine differences between notifications to HMC and outcomes in 2018 compared with 2022. From deaths at NNUH (2018 - n = 2605; 2022 - n = 2969), there were significantly fewer HMC notifications in 2022 compared with 2018 (25.3% vs. 17.6%). A decrease in notifications was noted for persons undergoing any 'treatment or procedure of a medical or similar nature' (24.0% vs. 16.2%) p < 0.0014. An increase in notifications was noted for neglect, including self-neglect (3.3% vs. 12.2%) p < 0.001. Of the coronial outcomes, there were significant increases in the numbers of post-mortem (PM) examinations (29.3% vs. 35.5%) p = 0.0276 and inquests (26.0% vs. 31.4%) p = 0.0485). There was a significant decrease in no further action by HMC (5.7 vs. 2.3) p = 0.0485. The study shows that the introduction of the medical examiner service has resulted in significant change in the nature of HMC notification categories. The notifications appear to be more appropriate, with an increased proportion of inquests and PM examinations and with a reduction in 100 A or 'no further action' outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241260573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin. 国家医疗服务系统急症医院法医服务的作用：医生和近亲的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241259327

Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James

{"title":"The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin.","authors":"Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James","doi":"10.1177/00258024241259327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241259327","url":null,"abstract":"A new Medical Examiner system was introduced in England and Wales in 2019 to scrutinise all non-coronial deaths. The three key roles of independent Medical Examiner scrutiny are to establish accurate causes of death, determine whether coronial referral is required and identify any care concerns. This is the first published service evaluation exploring the views of doctors and next of kin with whom Medical Examiner Services interact. The aims were to understand whether the Medical Examiner Service was achieving its three main roles. Surveys were sent electronically to the qualified attending practitioners, and by post to the next of kin, of a consecutive series of deceased patients reviewed by an acute NHS hospital Medical Examiner Service in the East of England. Recruitment took place over a five month period in 2023. Results are based on 100 returned surveys from doctors (response rate 35%) and 179 completed by next of kin (response rate 65%). Findings suggest the Medical Examiner Service was successfully achieving its three key roles and well received by both doctors and next of kin. Service user feedback is clearly important as Medical Examiner Services continue to develop into the statutory phase during 2024, when they are anticipated to review approximately 400,000 deaths per annum in England and Wales. This study demonstrates such feedback is not only useful for service development, but also eminently possible.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241259327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications. 埃及的自拍事故与犯罪：全面探讨医学法律意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257100

MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul

{"title":"Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications.","authors":"MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241257100","url":null,"abstract":"Selfies are self-surveillance images or videos captured by individuals using digital cameras that, in the attempt to obtain content, may lead to selfie-related injuries or deaths. Criminal selfies refer to offenders who take selfies with their victim(s) during crimes. Globally, both phenomena are underestimated due to deficient official data and the social nature of these incidents. This pioneering media-based retrospective study on selfie-related trauma aims to offset the literature deficit on this topic in Egypt, as an Arabic-speaking country, and extend the global understanding beyond the Western context. We utilised the Egyptian newspaper articles published between January 2014 and May 2023. We identified 25 reports of selfie-related accidents that resulted in 29 casualties with an 82.8% fatality rate. Male victims outnumbered female victims and the mean age was 21.8 years, with most victims aged in their twenties. Regarding the causes of selfie-related deaths, drowning in the Nile ranked first (43.4%) followed by falling from a height (26%). Unless suicide was suspected (n = 1), the remaining cases were considered accidental. We also found four reported criminal selfies that were associated with intimate partner violence. Three of these offenders were male, of which two had a history of drug addiction. In contrast to selfie cases, only one offender belonged to the second decade age group. Overall, selfie-related deaths were infrequent, with an average of three incidents per year. In conclusion, audio-visual communication has altered the modus operandi of crimes, so the digital media analysis should supplement the criminological and medicolegal processes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241257100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0