Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第6页

An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings. 法医精神卫生机构服务使用者满意度调查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227719

Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes

{"title":"An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings.","authors":"Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes","doi":"10.1177/00258024241227719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241227719","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of service user satisfaction are viewed as a reliable indicator of a service providing good care and treatment. There has been limited research looking into levels of satisfaction in forensic mental health settings with most work focused on staff satisfaction in these settings. This study examined service users' levels of satisfaction with a forensic mental health service in the United Kingdom. The service covered two sites; one a purpose-built secure unit and the other based in an old cottage hospital. Thirty-nine in-patients completed a 60-item validated forensic satisfaction scale. The scale measured seven domains of satisfaction as well as reporting an overall satisfaction score. The results indicated the service users were reasonably satisfied with the care and treatment they received. The domains of rehabilitation, safety, staff interaction and overall care showed the highest level of satisfaction. The high rehabilitation satisfaction score demonstrated the importance of meaningful activities for users accessing forensic services and may have been influenced by the security measures on the wards. The high safety domain score indicated respondents felt safe and secure within the wards and were likely to be influenced by positive interpersonal interactions. Good staff interaction was also an important factor in helping service users feel safe on the wards. These interactions are likely to be associated with longer periods of admission in secure services allowing therapeutic relationships to develop. Financial advice/support was the one domain that recorded negative satisfaction levels. Financial literacy training may help develop money management skills.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview. 腐败气体产生的假象--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275894

Roger W Byard

{"title":"Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview.","authors":"Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241275894","url":null,"abstract":"Autolytic and putrefactive processes can cause considerable alterations to soft tissues and internal organs that may complicate forensic assessments. An overview was undertaken of the range of taphonomonic changes and processes that may result from postmortem putrefactive gas accumulation. The most commonly encountered phenomenon was purging of putrefactive fluids from the nose and mouth that was on occasion confused with bleeding from antemortem trauma. Much less common was putrefactive 'rigor mortis' where the limbs extend due to the accumulation of soft tissue and subcutaneous gas. This may sometimes be associated with alteration of the position of a body suggesting that it had been deliberately moved. Distension and stretching of the skin and subcutaneous tissues may cause recently sutured surgical incisions to dehisce, raising the possibility of inflicted incised wounds. Raised intra-abdominal pressures may cause diaphragmatic herniation of small intestine and has been associated with so-called 'coffin birth' where a fetus is expelled from the uterus after death due to pressure on the fundus. Gas accumulation on postmortem computed tomography examination may be confused with air embolism or the effects of trauma. All of these changes are the result of anaerobic bacterial action generating gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide resulting in pressure gradients.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initiating further measures to prevent traffic accidents in Japan: The use of a social medicine perspective. 日本预防交通事故的进一步措施：社会医学视角的运用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286770

Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Yuri Murayama, Masato Nakano, Noriyuki Kawano, Satomi Kameo, Yasuyuki Fujita, Haruo Takeshita

引用次数: 0

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) within prisons and the criminal justice system. 监狱和刑事司法系统中的眼动脱敏和再处理疗法（EMDR）。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241293540

Clare Crole-Rees, Daniel Lawrence, Laura Blundell, Kate Saward, Lewis Jones, Sarah El Anany, Gracious Simon, Natasha Kalebic, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Navigating the legal complexities of telesurgery in China: An assessment of tort liability and the path forward. 驾驭中国远程手术的复杂法律问题：侵权责任评估与未来之路。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241229831

Jiao Xue, Sunzhe Weng

引用次数: 0

Cable ties in forensic practice. 法医实践中的电缆扎带。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241233464

Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Suspected serial killers and unsuspected statistical blunders. 疑似连环杀手和不为人知的统计失误。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241242549

John O'Quigley

{"title":"Suspected serial killers and unsuspected statistical blunders.","authors":"John O'Quigley","doi":"10.1177/00258024241242549","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241242549","url":null,"abstract":"A whole branch of theoretical statistics devotes itself to the analysis of clusters, the aim being to distinguish an apparent cluster arising randomly from one that is more likely to have been produced as a result of some systematic influence. There are many examples in medicine and some that involve both medicine and the legal field; criminal law in particular. Observed clusters or a series of cases in a given setting can set off alarm bells, the recent conviction of Lucy Letby in England being an example. It was an observed cluster, a series of deaths among neonates, that prompted the investigation of Letby. There have been other similar cases in the past and there will be similar cases in the future. Our purpose is not to reconsider any particular trial but, rather, to work with similar, indeed more extreme numbers of cases as a way to underline the statistical mistakes that can be made when attempting to make sense of the data. These notions are illustrated via a made-up case of 10 incidents where the anticipated count was only 2. The most common statistical analysis would associate a probability of less than 0.00005 with this outcome: A very rare event. However, a more careful analysis that avoids common pitfalls results in a probability close to 0.5, indicating that, given the circumstances, we were as likely to see 10 or more as we were to see less than 10.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lethal septic pulmonary thromboembolism in a repatriated body - a rare complication of prolonged urinary catheterization. 一具被遣送回国的尸体出现致命的化脓性肺血栓栓塞症--长期导尿术的罕见并发症。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270813

Kathryn Harvey, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Parricide and homicide NGRI offenders: How do they differ? 弒親和殺人的 NGRI 罪犯：他们有何不同？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286743

Maria Markopoulou, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Athanasios Avramidis, Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Konstantinos Tasios, Christina Vlachvei, Pavlos Pavlidis, Athanasios Douzenis

{"title":"Parricide and homicide NGRI offenders: How do they differ?","authors":"Maria Markopoulou, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Athanasios Avramidis, Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Konstantinos Tasios, Christina Vlachvei, Pavlos Pavlidis, Athanasios Douzenis","doi":"10.1177/00258024241286743","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241286743","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to provide a forensic psychiatric characterization of perpetrators of parricide who were found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). We conducted a study involving 52 NGRI patients who had committed homicide or attempted homicide within the Department of Forensic Psychiatry in Thessaloniki, Greece, between January 2015 and 2020. Subjects were categorized into two groups: parricide (n = 21) and a control group (n = 31). Our findings revealed that in the parricide group, the majority of patients were unmarried males in their thirties, with a history of prior contact with mental health services and nonadherence to treatment. Additionally, they had a background of substance abuse and exhibited violent behavior before the index crime. A notable trend observed among parricide offenders was the tendency to seek hospitalization, possibly as a means of distancing themselves from stressful family environments, based on information obtained in the interviews conducted as a part of this research. All instances of parricide involved the use of sharp weapons, and the crimes were consistently committed in private settings. Symptomatology among parricide patients was assessed as moderate to severe, with a significant long-term risk observed following the crime. The primary differences identified between the two groups were the higher pre-crime voluntary admissions and the elevated estimated postcrime risk observed in the parricide group. Early intervention, comprehensive assessment of risk factors, family support, and assistance in resolving conflicts and reintegrating patients into society are emphasized as critical interventions that can potentially prevent future tragedies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241286743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of COVID-19 on clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry: A literature review. COVID-19 对临床法医学和法医精神病学的影响：文献综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241229830

Yangqi Xu, Jo Ann Parkin, Nicola Cunningham

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry: A literature review.","authors":"Yangqi Xu, Jo Ann Parkin, Nicola Cunningham","doi":"10.1177/00258024241229830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241229830","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:The COVID-19 pandemic prompted significant challenges in clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry and emphasised the need for sustainable service delivery. Both fields faced difficulties in maintaining services due to COVID-19 precautions and limited referrals. This review examined the changes in forensic practices, aiming to understand their impact and learn from them to inform future strategies. Methods: A search was conducted across Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid Emcare and PubMed, and webpages of governments and other organisations. Studies were included if they assessed any change that occurred in clinical forensic medicine or forensic psychiatry during the pandemic. A narrative review with a systematic approach was undertaken. Results: A total of 27 articles were included. There was a notable decrease in the volume of forensic assessments in early 2020. The numbers gradually rebounded with the easing of restrictions yet have not fully returned to pre COVID-19 levels. Telemedicine and COVID-19 precautions were widely incorporated into forensic services, which were seen to disrupt the patient-doctor dynamics, restrict the setting of examinations and complicate work processes and sample handling steps. Conclusion: This is the first review that describes the pandemic-driven changes in clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry in respect of case trends and incorporation of COVID-19 precautions. The pandemic emphasised the need for adaptability and adoption of new assessment approaches in forensic services. Technology, like telemedicine, emerged as a valuable tool, enhancing accessibility for individuals in remote or high-risk areas. It is necessary to review the changes and re-evaluate their impacts in the post COVID-19 era.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0