The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q1 LAW
Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In the recent past, human genetics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) have undergone various advances to combat with several congenital and developmental disorders. These advances are a boon for the families and patients who were restricted from having a child due to one or the other reasons. One such reason is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are definitely transmitted from the mother to the child due to uniparental/maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Depending upon the range of the mutation (mutation loads) present, the mtDNA mutation leads to various devitalizing to fatal disorders, all of which are incurable. Scientists and researchers developed a technique known as mitochondrial donation technique or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) to combat with the mtDNA mutations. The technique relies on the replacement of faulty mitochondria in the mother's egg with the normal wild-type from a donor female resulting in a "three-parent baby." On the other side, forensic scientists and anthropologists continuously explore the mtDNA in various medicolegal cases and in uncoupling the mystery of human origin and migration respectively. In this regard, we explored the genetic, forensic and ethical aspects of a "three-parent baby." The present communication also attempts to highlight the importance and limitations of the MRT technique/three-parent baby in a medicolegal context.

三亲婴儿:医学、法医和伦理问题。
近些年来,人类遗传学和体外受精(IVF)技术取得了各种进步,以应对多种先天性和发育障碍。这些进步为那些因某种原因而无法生育的家庭和患者带来了福音。其中一个原因就是线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)突变,由于线粒体的单亲/母系遗传,这种突变肯定会从母亲传给孩子。根据突变的范围(突变负荷),mtDNA 突变会导致各种从畸形到致命的疾病,而所有这些疾病都是无法治愈的。科学家和研究人员开发了一种被称为线粒体捐赠技术或线粒体替代疗法(MRT)的技术来对抗 mtDNA 突变。该技术依靠用捐赠女性的正常野生型线粒体替换母亲卵子中的有问题线粒体,从而产生 "三亲婴儿"。另一方面,法医学家和人类学家也在不断探索 mtDNA,分别用于各种法医案件和揭开人类起源和迁徙之谜。为此,我们探讨了 "三亲婴儿 "的遗传、法医和伦理问题。本通讯还试图强调 MRT 技术/三亲婴儿在法医方面的重要性和局限性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Medicine, Science and the Law
Medicine, Science and the Law 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
53
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Medicine, Science and the Law is the official journal of the British Academy for Forensic Sciences (BAFS). It is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the knowledge of forensic science and medicine. The journal aims to inform its readers from a broad perspective and demonstrate the interrelated nature and scope of the forensic disciplines. Through a variety of authoritative research articles submitted from across the globe, it covers a range of topical medico-legal issues. The journal keeps its readers informed of developments and trends through reporting, discussing and debating current issues of importance in forensic practice.
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