Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献

An analysis of offence patterns and legal response to one-punch fatalities in Australia.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316669

Reena Sarkar, Hayley Duncan, Richard Bassed, Olaf H Drummer, Abbie Roodenburg, Jennifer Schumann

{"title":"An analysis of offence patterns and legal response to one-punch fatalities in Australia.","authors":"Reena Sarkar, Hayley Duncan, Richard Bassed, Olaf H Drummer, Abbie Roodenburg, Jennifer Schumann","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251316669","url":null,"abstract":"One-punch deaths draw considerable legal and media attention due to the nature of catastrophic events and their impact on victims and families. Empirical research on the sentencing outcomes and offence categories faced by the perpetrators is non-existent. This Australian study examined judicial sentencing reviews to unpack perpetrator characteristics, offence patterns and sentencing outcomes for one-punch fatalities over a 30-year period. Two hundred and eighty-seven perpetrator convictions were reported by various parameters such as median sentencing length, injury mechanism and maximum sentencing categories. Secondary outcomes were details of concentrations of alcohol and illicit drug usage and usage of one-punch specific laws, hitherto unelucidated for one-punch assaults. Nearly all perpetrators were male with a median age of 26 years, with 61% charged in New South Wales and Victoria alone. The median sentence length of imprisonment was 3.8-11.5 years for a manslaughter conviction. Median sentence length when categorized by injury mechanism demonstrated variation in both life sentence and one-punch offence categories. About 40% of Australian perpetrators were convicted under one-punch laws in states where these were introduced. The study will increase knowledge and public awareness regarding the impact of one-punch violence and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251316669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic considerations in nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism: A case report and review.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316244

Tasmyn H Lynch, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Forensic considerations in nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism: A case report and review.","authors":"Tasmyn H Lynch, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251316244","url":null,"abstract":"Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism is defined as the partial or total occlusion of the pulmonary circulation by various nonthrombotic agents, such as biological, nonbiological and foreign body material. A case is reported of lethal embolism of fragments of a renal calculus: A 64-year-old woman collapsed and died following laser lithotripsy. At autopsy calculous debris was found in the calyces of the right kidney with widespread microscopic fragments of birefringent foreign material in keeping with renal calculus within the pulmonary arterioles. Death was due to pulmonary calculus embolism complicating lithotripsy of a right renal calculus. Review of other causes of nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism revealed fat, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, trophoblast, tumours, septic material, hydatid cysts, bone, soft tissue/organ parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract contents/bile, gas, and foreign material that was introduced iatrogenically and non-iatrogenically. All of these possibilities should be considered at autopsy in the appropriate setting, with pulmonary microscopy often being essential to establishing the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251316244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and 'no-body' femicides from the Republic of Ireland.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316240

Bernadette M Manifold

{"title":"Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and 'no-body' femicides from the Republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251316240","url":null,"abstract":"Missing persons are a major part of everyday policing. However, some missing person cases can be highly emotive and challenging such as missing women and girls. Women who go missing have a greater risk of coming to harm. This study focused on 38 long-term missing women and girls from the Irish Republic from 1971 to 2023 of which 12 cases are now classified as homicides, and the whereabouts of the bodies remain unknown. The majority of cases are in Leinster with 25. Eight missing persons are under 18 years, and 22 are between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Domestic violence was a feature in five cases, involvement in a fight prior to disappearance in seven cases, and inconsistencies in statements by intimate partners and close family members regarding the victim's mental health were noted in seven cases. In nine cases, the personal belongings of the victim remained in the home. In seven cases, there was suggestive evidence that the victim entered water. These factors were seen in both the missing and classified homicide cases. The suicide narrative is heavily implied in many of these cases. A woman's mental health and stage of life such as pregnancy, childbirth and menopause can be exploited and used as an advantage to a potential killer. It is therefore paramount that missing women who are considered to have taken their own lives should be thoroughly investigated, with a special focus on cases where evidence suggests drowning and jumping from a height.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251316240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dying alone. 孤独终老

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316239

Peter Vanezis

引用次数: 0

A randomised controlled trial of eye movement desensitisation and re-processing (EMDR) in forensic services and in prison. 眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR）在法医服务和监狱中的随机对照试验。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251313739

Susanna Every-Palmer, Tom Flewett, Oliver Hansby, Elliot Bell

引用次数: 0

The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns. 三亲婴儿：医学、法医和伦理问题。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241266566

Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns.","authors":"Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024241266566","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241266566","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, human genetics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) have undergone various advances to combat with several congenital and developmental disorders. These advances are a boon for the families and patients who were restricted from having a child due to one or the other reasons. One such reason is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are definitely transmitted from the mother to the child due to uniparental/maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Depending upon the range of the mutation (mutation loads) present, the mtDNA mutation leads to various devitalizing to fatal disorders, all of which are incurable. Scientists and researchers developed a technique known as mitochondrial donation technique or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) to combat with the mtDNA mutations. The technique relies on the replacement of faulty mitochondria in the mother's egg with the normal wild-type from a donor female resulting in a \"three-parent baby.\" On the other side, forensic scientists and anthropologists continuously explore the mtDNA in various medicolegal cases and in uncoupling the mystery of human origin and migration respectively. In this regard, we explored the genetic, forensic and ethical aspects of a \"three-parent baby.\" The present communication also attempts to highlight the importance and limitations of the MRT technique/three-parent baby in a medicolegal context.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychological trauma and the law…post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic disorders (PTDs)? Is PTSD still fit for purpose? 心理创伤与法律......创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 还是创伤后紊乱症 (PTD)？创伤后应激障碍是否仍然适用？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275898

Martin Deahl

引用次数: 0

Diatoms in maggots; a potential tool for drowning diagnosis - A preliminary study. 蛆中的硅藻；诊断溺水的潜在工具--初步研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241241374

I K Badu, D Asante, E D Agyemang, K Kwaku Duah, C K Adokoh, E Girela-Lopez

{"title":"Diatoms in maggots; a potential tool for drowning diagnosis - A preliminary study.","authors":"I K Badu, D Asante, E D Agyemang, K Kwaku Duah, C K Adokoh, E Girela-Lopez","doi":"10.1177/00258024241241374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241241374","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced putrefaction causes extensive loss of soft tissue, rendering it difficult to use the diatom test as a reliable diagnostic tool for drowning investigations. A positive diatom test in carrion insect larvae may provide significant assistance in overcoming the challenge of decomposition. The studies determined the utility of diatom test in carrion larvae on severely decomposed bodies. A modified acid digestion method involving nitric acid, K2Cr2O7 and HCl, was used to digest the blowfly larvae feeding on piglet carrion previously drowned in freshwater and sea water, respectively. Extracted diatom frustules were analysed and characterised using light microscopy coupled to a digital camera. Diatoms recovered from maggots on sea-drowned piglets were similar to diatoms from sea water (drowning medium). Centric diatoms recovered in maggots were higher (200 ± 60 diatoms/ mL) than pennate diatoms (80 ± 20 diatoms/mL). Isolated diatoms common to both maggots and water samples included Coscinodiscus sp. and Navicular spp. Albeit, there were no diatoms recovered from maggots on freshwater-drowned piglets. The findings of this study suggest that the diatom test is still a reliable diagnostic tool to determine if drowning was involved in the death of a fully decomposed body. This is the first study that isolated diatoms from maggots feeding on drowned bodies. It serves as the basis for further research into the utility of maggots for drowning investigations.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings. 法医精神卫生机构服务使用者满意度调查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227719

Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes

{"title":"An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings.","authors":"Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes","doi":"10.1177/00258024241227719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241227719","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of service user satisfaction are viewed as a reliable indicator of a service providing good care and treatment. There has been limited research looking into levels of satisfaction in forensic mental health settings with most work focused on staff satisfaction in these settings. This study examined service users' levels of satisfaction with a forensic mental health service in the United Kingdom. The service covered two sites; one a purpose-built secure unit and the other based in an old cottage hospital. Thirty-nine in-patients completed a 60-item validated forensic satisfaction scale. The scale measured seven domains of satisfaction as well as reporting an overall satisfaction score. The results indicated the service users were reasonably satisfied with the care and treatment they received. The domains of rehabilitation, safety, staff interaction and overall care showed the highest level of satisfaction. The high rehabilitation satisfaction score demonstrated the importance of meaningful activities for users accessing forensic services and may have been influenced by the security measures on the wards. The high safety domain score indicated respondents felt safe and secure within the wards and were likely to be influenced by positive interpersonal interactions. Good staff interaction was also an important factor in helping service users feel safe on the wards. These interactions are likely to be associated with longer periods of admission in secure services allowing therapeutic relationships to develop. Financial advice/support was the one domain that recorded negative satisfaction levels. Financial literacy training may help develop money management skills.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initiating further measures to prevent traffic accidents in Japan: The use of a social medicine perspective. 日本预防交通事故的进一步措施：社会医学视角的运用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286770

Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Yuri Murayama, Masato Nakano, Noriyuki Kawano, Satomi Kameo, Yasuyuki Fujita, Haruo Takeshita

引用次数: 0