Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献

Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022. 英国诺福克和诺威奇大学医院在引入法医服务前后向皇家验尸官发出通知的性质和结果的变化：2018 年与 2022 年。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241260573

Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake

{"title":"Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022.","authors":"Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake","doi":"10.1177/00258024241260573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241260573","url":null,"abstract":"A medical examiner (ME) system was introduced to England and Wales in 2019 intended to ensure appropriate notification of cases to HM Coroner (HMC). The aim of the study is to determine and compare: (a) the nature of notifications to HMC for Norfolk from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) in 2018 compared with 2022; (b) to determine the outcome of those notifications and (c) to establish patterns of change in the number and nature of such notifications. HMC and ME datasets were interrogated to determine differences between notifications to HMC and outcomes in 2018 compared with 2022. From deaths at NNUH (2018 - n = 2605; 2022 - n = 2969), there were significantly fewer HMC notifications in 2022 compared with 2018 (25.3% vs. 17.6%). A decrease in notifications was noted for persons undergoing any 'treatment or procedure of a medical or similar nature' (24.0% vs. 16.2%) p < 0.0014. An increase in notifications was noted for neglect, including self-neglect (3.3% vs. 12.2%) p < 0.001. Of the coronial outcomes, there were significant increases in the numbers of post-mortem (PM) examinations (29.3% vs. 35.5%) p = 0.0276 and inquests (26.0% vs. 31.4%) p = 0.0485). There was a significant decrease in no further action by HMC (5.7 vs. 2.3) p = 0.0485. The study shows that the introduction of the medical examiner service has resulted in significant change in the nature of HMC notification categories. The notifications appear to be more appropriate, with an increased proportion of inquests and PM examinations and with a reduction in 100 A or 'no further action' outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths. 用于检测小儿败血症死亡病例肠梗阻的尸检 CT 和 MRI。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274912

Mária Marosi, Guillaume Gorincour, Lucile Tuchtan-Torrents, Michael J Thali, Dominic Gascho

引用次数: 0

Increasing age and lethal opiate use. 年龄增长与鸦片制剂的致命使用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241266578

Jeremy Ws Hunter, Corinna van den Heuvel, Lilli Stephenson, Lauren Elborough, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Increasing age and lethal opiate use.","authors":"Jeremy Ws Hunter, Corinna van den Heuvel, Lilli Stephenson, Lauren Elborough, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241266578","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241266578","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid abuse is a leading cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that the age of opiate users in Australia is rising. To evaluate this further in a local population, toxicology and pathology case files from Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, were examined for all cases with lethal opioid levels from 2000 to 2019 (n = 499; M:F 2.3:1; age range 18-91 years, median age 42 years). The median age of opiate deaths increased significantly by approximately 16 years (p = 0.007, R2 = 0.34) with a significant increase in total deaths in the 45-54 years and 55-64 years age groups (p = 0.009, R2 = 0.32) (p = < 0.001, R2 = 0.54). Deaths due to heroin overdose showed the lowest median age (39 years, n = 184), with deaths from tramadol toxicity having the highest (50.5 years, n = 32). Recent changes in the demographic profile of opioid users in cases of lethal overdose involve an aging population. Forensic and clinical practitioners should be aware of significant opioid abuse in certain individuals at older ages as this raises the possibility that this may exacerbate the effects of age-related chronic diseases in this group and/or contribute to fatalities.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic considerations in nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism: A case report and review. 非血栓性肺栓塞的法医考虑：一个病例报告和回顾。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316244

Tasmyn H Lynch, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach. 为监狱和刑满释放人员社会关怀模式（共同赋权）制定初步方案理论：现实主义综合方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241264762

Deborah Buck, Lee D Mulligan, Charlotte Lennox, Jana Bowden, Matilda Minchin, Lowenna Kemp, Lucy Devine, Joshua Southworth, Falaq Ghafur, Catherine Robinson, Andrew Shepherd, Jennifer J Shaw, Katrina Forsyth

{"title":"Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach.","authors":"Deborah Buck, Lee D Mulligan, Charlotte Lennox, Jana Bowden, Matilda Minchin, Lowenna Kemp, Lucy Devine, Joshua Southworth, Falaq Ghafur, Catherine Robinson, Andrew Shepherd, Jennifer J Shaw, Katrina Forsyth","doi":"10.1177/00258024241264762","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241264762","url":null,"abstract":"Many people are living in prison with a range of social care needs, for example, requiring support with washing, eating, getting around safely, and/or maintaining relationships. However, social care for this vulnerable group is generally inadequate. There is uncertainty and confusion about who is legally responsible for this and how it can best be provided, and a lack of integration with healthcare. We used realist-informed approaches to develop an initial programme theory (IPT) for identifying/assessing social care needs of, and providing care to, male adults in prison and on release. IPT development was an iterative process involving (a) an initial scoping of the international prison literature; (b) scoping prison and community social care policy documents and guidelines; (c) full systematic search of the international prison social care literature; (d) insights from the community social care literature; (e) stakeholder workshops. Information from 189 documents/sources and stakeholder feedback informed the IPT, which recommended that models of prison social care should be: trauma-informed; well integrated with health, criminal justice, third-sector services and families; and person-centred involving service-users in all aspects including co-production of care plans, goals, and staff training/awareness programmes. Our IPT provides an initial gold standard model for social care provision for people in prison and on release. The model, named Empowered Together, will be evaluated in a future trial and will be of interest to those working in the criminal justice system, care providers and commissioners, local authorities, housing authorities, voluntary groups, and service-users and their families.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"194-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A randomised controlled trial of eye movement desensitisation and re-processing (EMDR) in forensic services and in prison. 眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR）在法医服务和监狱中的随机对照试验。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251313739

Susanna Every-Palmer, Tom Flewett, Oliver Hansby, Elliot Bell

引用次数: 0

An innovative approach to latent fingerprint development at crime scenes: The cyanoacrylate spraying methodology. 犯罪现场潜在指纹开发的创新方法：氰基丙烯酸酯喷洒方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251332536

Yakup Gulekci

{"title":"An innovative approach to latent fingerprint development at crime scenes: The cyanoacrylate spraying methodology.","authors":"Yakup Gulekci","doi":"10.1177/00258024251332536","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251332536","url":null,"abstract":"The methods employed to detect latent fingerprints during crime scene investigations are continually refined and enhanced. The implementation of dusting techniques on surfaces that are unfeasible for laboratory transport often yields a lower percentage of identifiable fingerprints. This issue is predominantly due to the inherent properties of these surfaces and their respective levels of contamination. Furthermore, the application of laboratory procedures, typically designated for the cyanoacrylate fuming method, is of paramount importance for efficient fingerprint development in field conditions. In this study, five donors (three males and two females) deposited natural fingerprints on readily available materials in day-to-day life, such as microscope slides, both rough and smooth mica, and galvanized sheet metal. The analysis of fingerprints was conducted at seven distinct time intervals: 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. Each of the 280 fingerprints used was divided into two equal parts, resulting in a total of 560 fingerprint segments for examination. The findings of the current study showed that 52.9% of fingerprints suitable for identification were developed with the dusting method, 89.3% with the cyanoacrylate fuming method, and 95% especially with the cyanoacrylate spraying method. These results underscore the potential significance of the cyanoacrylate spraying method as an essential scientific technique in the resolution of criminal cases.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Hiding in plain sight' - mass disasters and murder. “隐藏在众目睽睽之下”——大规模的灾难和谋杀。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241308106

Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017. 2008年至2017年三个中心的儿童自杀风险因素分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274914

Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard

{"title":"An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017.","authors":"Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241274914","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241274914","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of a study of suicide in children aged 17 years and under in three centers-Hennepin County in the United States (US), Auckland in New Zealand (NZ), and South Australia in Australia (AUS) from 2008 to 2017 it was decided to characterize potential risk factors and to determine whether these differed by jurisdiction. Reviewed data included a history of psychiatric illness, symptoms prior to suicide, events preceding suicide, previous suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and communication of suicidal intent. The most common events preceding suicide were arguments with family/friends and relationship issues; in addition depression with or without expressed suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, sadness, distress, drug/substance abuse, and anorexia were documented. Suicidal intent was on occasion communicated via technological means. In 79.5% of cases in South Australia decedents had a previously diagnosed psychiatric illness, with 62% in Hennepin County. This compared to a much lower proportion of cases in Auckland (23.8%). Whether this reflects more limited access to psychiatric services or a reluctance to seek support and therapy in Auckland is unclear. It does, however, demonstrate that risk factors for child suicide are not uniform among communities and so extrapolation of data from one area to another may not be appropriate. Disturbingly parents/carers were not aware of the decedent's suicidal intent in 84-87.2% of cases.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Julian Assange case and its implications for expert witness evidence. 朱利安·阿桑奇案及其对专家证人证据的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251328790

Michael D Kopelman

{"title":"The Julian Assange case and its implications for expert witness evidence.","authors":"Michael D Kopelman","doi":"10.1177/00258024251328790","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251328790","url":null,"abstract":"The recent Julian Assange case raised a number of important issues regarding the role of expert witnesses in court. While written from a personal perspective, this paper will suggest that these issues need much fuller discussion than they have received to date. They will be discussed in the context of what actually happened in this case, the details of which were reported only sketchily (and sometimes inaccurately) in the press. First, there is the question of what is properly a medical or a legal responsibility. A second issue concerns whether re-litigation of already determined matters should be permitted in higher courts, when the expert does not have the opportunity to respond. A third matter involves the apparently differing professional views and ethos of the legal and other professions regarding matters of personal privacy for non-participants, particularly with respect to the safeguarding of children. Other issues include the language which may be used by some lawyers in criticising expert testimony, the protection of experts from potentially libellous reporting in the press, and the use and abuse of diagnostic classifications, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). These various matters have implications for larger concerns regarding the recruitment of suitable expert witnesses to the courts.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"236-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0