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Mental health challenges of enforced disappearances: A call for research and action. 强迫失踪的精神健康挑战:呼吁进行研究和采取行动。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251349373
Anis Ahmed, Andrew Forrester
{"title":"Mental health challenges of enforced disappearances: A call for research and action.","authors":"Anis Ahmed, Andrew Forrester","doi":"10.1177/00258024251349373","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251349373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives. 利用计算机断层扫描图像对颅骨进行性别、身材和年龄的估计:现状、挑战和未来展望。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348727
Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
{"title":"Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives.","authors":"Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348727","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skull has long been recognized and utilized in forensic investigations, evolving from basic to complex analyses with modern technologies. Advances in radiology and technology have enhanced the ability to analyze biological identifiers-sex, stature, and age at death-from the skull. The use of computed tomography imaging helps practitioners to improve the accuracy and reliability of forensic analyses. Recently, artificial intelligence has increasingly been applied in digital forensic investigations to estimate sex, stature, and age from computed tomography images. The integration of artificial intelligence represents a significant shift in multidisciplinary collaboration, offering the potential for more accurate and reliable identification, along with advancements in academia. However, it is not yet fully developed for routine forensic work, as it remains largely in the research and development phase. Additionally, the limitations of artificial intelligence systems, such as the lack of transparency in algorithms, accountability for errors, and the potential for discrimination, must still be carefully considered. Based on scientific publications from the past decade, this article aims to provide an overview of the application of computed tomography imaging in estimating sex, stature, and age from the skull and to address issues related to future directions to further improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"321-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy. 尸检中COVID-19感染的致死性胃肠道表现。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348724
John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard
{"title":"Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy.","authors":"John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348724","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia is a rare event that has a high mortality rate, particularly in the elderly. Despite gastrointestinal symptoms being relatively common in COVID-19 infections, however, lethal gut complications are often not considered. Two cases with fatal COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia are therefore reported. Case 1: A 74-year-old woman who died following a presentation with diarrhoea and abdominal pain was found at autopsy to have extensive ischaemic changes of her small and large intestines. The superior mesenteric artery and its major branches were widely patent. Histologically acute inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa and intramucosal haemorrhage were found with fibrin thrombi in intramucosal and submucosal vessels. Respiratory viral nucleic acid testing performed on a retronasal swab obtained at autopsy was positive for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Death was due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. Case 2: A 94-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection died after developing abdominal pain with melaena and bright red rectal bleeding. At autopsy there was focal transmural acute inflammation of the small intestine with multiple fibrin microthrombi. Death was also due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. In the absence of obstructive vascular lesions at autopsy in cases of intestinal ischaemia, COVID-19 should be considered with appropriate swabbing and careful histological sampling of the intestine and mesentery to check for microvascular fibrin thrombi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"351-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The significance of prostate-specific antigen in forensic examinations of sexual violence: A case report. 前列腺特异性抗原在性暴力法医检查中的意义:1例报告。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251330100
Augustinas Stasiūnas, Jurgita Stasiūnienė, Diana Vasiljevaitė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Sigitas Laima, Paulius Mankevičius, Rokas Šimakauskas, Dmitrij Fomin
{"title":"The significance of prostate-specific antigen in forensic examinations of sexual violence: A case report.","authors":"Augustinas Stasiūnas, Jurgita Stasiūnienė, Diana Vasiljevaitė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Sigitas Laima, Paulius Mankevičius, Rokas Šimakauskas, Dmitrij Fomin","doi":"10.1177/00258024251330100","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251330100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests are used in forensic science to perform rapid semen screening on vaginal swab samples from suspected victims of sexual assault. In some sexual assault cases, clothing or bedding is key evidence. A pre-trial investigation was launched following a complaint by an 85-year-old woman, who alleged that she had been raped by her 63-year-old son-in-law with whom she lives. Traces of seminal fluid were found in the vaginal swab (following a PSA test), and traces of seminal fluid, along with the victim's DNA and a partial DNA profile of the suspect, were found on the victim's underwear. The first-instance court (district court) found the man guilty and sentenced him to 3 years and 6 months of imprisonment for rape. Although PSA is produced in the prostate and secreted into seminal fluid, it is not exclusive to the prostate. PSA can be detected in women's bodies in various pathological conditions. In cases of sexual violence, the proper interpretation of laboratory tests is essential, taking into account all the circumstances of the incident as well as the victim's medical history.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"345-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and 'no-body' femicides from the Republic of Ireland. 无迹可寻:爱尔兰共和国长期失踪的妇女和女孩以及“无人”杀害妇女的案件。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316240
Bernadette M Manifold
{"title":"Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and '<i>no-body</i>' femicides from the Republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316240","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251316240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missing persons are a major part of everyday policing. However, some missing person cases can be highly emotive and challenging such as missing women and girls. Women who go missing have a greater risk of coming to harm. This study focused on 38 long-term missing women and girls from the Irish Republic from 1971 to 2023 of which 12 cases are now classified as homicides, and the whereabouts of the bodies remain unknown. The majority of cases are in Leinster with 25. Eight missing persons are under 18 years, and 22 are between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Domestic violence was a feature in five cases, involvement in a fight prior to disappearance in seven cases, and inconsistencies in statements by intimate partners and close family members regarding the victim's mental health were noted in seven cases. In nine cases, the personal belongings of the victim remained in the home. In seven cases, there was suggestive evidence that the victim entered water. These factors were seen in both the missing and classified homicide cases. The suicide narrative is heavily implied in many of these cases. A woman's mental health and stage of life such as pregnancy, childbirth and menopause can be exploited and used as an advantage to a potential killer. It is therefore paramount that missing women who are considered to have taken their own lives should be thoroughly investigated, with a special focus on cases where evidence suggests drowning and jumping from a height.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An analysis of offence patterns and legal response to one-punch fatalities in Australia. 分析澳大利亚的犯罪模式和对一拳致死的法律反应。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316669
Reena Sarkar, Hayley Duncan, Richard Bassed, Olaf H Drummer, Abbie Roodenburg, Jennifer Schumann
{"title":"An analysis of offence patterns and legal response to one-punch fatalities in Australia.","authors":"Reena Sarkar, Hayley Duncan, Richard Bassed, Olaf H Drummer, Abbie Roodenburg, Jennifer Schumann","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316669","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251316669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One-punch deaths draw considerable legal and media attention due to the nature of catastrophic events and their impact on victims and families. Empirical research on the sentencing outcomes and offence categories faced by the perpetrators is non-existent. This Australian study examined judicial sentencing reviews to unpack perpetrator characteristics, offence patterns and sentencing outcomes for one-punch fatalities over a 30-year period. Two hundred and eighty-seven perpetrator convictions were reported by various parameters such as median sentencing length, injury mechanism and maximum sentencing categories. Secondary outcomes were details of concentrations of alcohol and illicit drug usage and usage of one-punch specific laws, hitherto unelucidated for one-punch assaults. Nearly all perpetrators were male with a median age of 26 years, with 61% charged in New South Wales and Victoria alone. The median sentence length of imprisonment was 3.8-11.5 years for a manslaughter conviction. Median sentence length when categorized by injury mechanism demonstrated variation in both life sentence and one-punch offence categories. About 40% of Australian perpetrators were convicted under one-punch laws in states where these were introduced. The study will increase knowledge and public awareness regarding the impact of one-punch violence and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"298-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time to address the reality of dying alone. 是时候面对孤独终老的现实了。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348713
Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh
{"title":"Time to address the reality of dying alone.","authors":"Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348713","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"357-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America. 创伤敏感瑜伽干预(TCTSY)。改善拉丁美洲被监禁妇女的条件。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329237
Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven
{"title":"Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America.","authors":"Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329237","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251329237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female prisoners in Latin America experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to their male counterparts. The most prevalent include anxiety and stress, which stem from feelings of insecurity, perceived failure, long periods of detention, and the inability to care for their children. Furthermore, over 50% of female prisoners have been exposed to traumatic events, including physical and/or sexual violence, and report more adverse childhood experiences and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than male prisoners. Understanding the root causes of these mental health issues is essential for developing effective interventions. Body awareness, crucial for consciousness and emotion regulation, is often compromised in individuals with PTSD, exacerbating their symptoms. Positive criminology approaches, such as yoga programs, have been shown to improve inmates' well-being and mental health by addressing these underlying issues. This commentary introduces Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) as a novel intervention designed explicitly for female prisoners with PTSD. Research indicates that TCTSY provides significant physiological and psychological benefits, including reductions in negative emotional states, hostility, and overall psychological distress. Despite these benefits, TCTSY has not yet been implemented in South American prisons. Given the substantial female prison population in Chile and their critical mental health needs, introducing TCTSY in these settings presents a promising opportunity. Implementing TCTSY could significantly enhance the well-being of female prisoners and promote prosocial behavior, addressing the urgent need for effective mental health interventions in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Prison healthcare: The practical and ethical consequences of the current state of prisons. 监狱保健更正:监狱现状的实际和道德后果。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251340773
{"title":"Corrigendum to Prison healthcare: The practical and ethical consequences of the current state of prisons.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00258024251340773","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251340773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to a correction of a statistical error. 对统计误差的修正。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251319908
John O'Quigley
{"title":"Correction to a correction of a statistical error.","authors":"John O'Quigley","doi":"10.1177/00258024251319908","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251319908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"355-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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