Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献

A review of the estimation of postmortem interval using forensic entomology 利用法医昆虫学估算死后间隔时间的综述

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275893

John Oladapo Obafunwa, Amanda Roe, Leon Higley

引用次数: 0

Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths. 用于检测小儿败血症死亡病例肠梗阻的尸检 CT 和 MRI。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274912

Mária Marosi, Guillaume Gorincour, Lucile Tuchtan-Torrents, Michael J Thali, Dominic Gascho

引用次数: 0

The over-representation of neurodivergent children in Youth Justice Systems and The Youth Court. 在青少年司法系统和青少年法庭中，神经发育异常儿童的比例过高。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274073

Anne-Marie Day, Clare Allely, Louise Robinson, Kim Turner, Felicity Gerry Kc, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review. 测定药物、临床和法医基质中甲苯噻嗪含量的分析方法--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275899

Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi

{"title":"Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review.","authors":"Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241275899","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine, a non-opioid veterinary anaesthetic tranquillizer that is not licensed for human use, has been linked to an increase in overdose fatalities worldwide. The study delves into the forensic aspects of xylazine usage, emphasizing on chemical, clinical and toxicological analyses of drug seizures, bodily fluids and tissues. It advocates for validated analytical methods for determining xylazine. This study provides supporting material to pave the path for the usage and development of relevant and verified alternative screening and confirmation methods for laboratories. Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed were searched for relevant articles and case reports in relation to xylazine misuse and established analytical methods for forensic investigation until April 2023. A total of 79 articles were evaluated, and 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent xylazine exposures recorded were incidental and intentional misuse/abuse. Common symptoms upon presentation were hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness and lethargy, although mortality was less prevalent. Solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are two extensively used sample preparation techniques. These techniques are used to extract desired analytes from complex matrices. Several analytical techniques have been stated, including GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD and others. The analytical procedures used are determined by the matrices involved, the amount of xylazine present, interfering compounds, the degree of precision required and the laboratory infrastructure. In the present context, the LC-MS/MS methods are preferred as the gold standard. In the near future, many analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, PSI-MS, immuno-analytical techniques and SERRS may show significant potential.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychological trauma and the law…post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic disorders (PTDs)? Is PTSD still fit for purpose? 心理创伤与法律......创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 还是创伤后紊乱症 (PTD)？创伤后应激障碍是否仍然适用？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275898

Martin Deahl

引用次数: 0

An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017. 2008年至2017年三个中心的儿童自杀风险因素分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274914

Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard

{"title":"An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017.","authors":"Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241274914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241274914","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of a study of suicide in children aged 17 years and under in three centers-Hennepin County in the United States (US), Auckland in New Zealand (NZ), and South Australia in Australia (AUS) from 2008 to 2017 it was decided to characterize potential risk factors and to determine whether these differed by jurisdiction. Reviewed data included a history of psychiatric illness, symptoms prior to suicide, events preceding suicide, previous suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and communication of suicidal intent. The most common events preceding suicide were arguments with family/friends and relationship issues; in addition depression with or without expressed suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, sadness, distress, drug/substance abuse, and anorexia were documented. Suicidal intent was on occasion communicated via technological means. In 79.5% of cases in South Australia decedents had a previously diagnosed psychiatric illness, with 62% in Hennepin County. This compared to a much lower proportion of cases in Auckland (23.8%). Whether this reflects more limited access to psychiatric services or a reluctance to seek support and therapy in Auckland is unclear. It does, however, demonstrate that risk factors for child suicide are not uniform among communities and so extrapolation of data from one area to another may not be appropriate. Disturbingly parents/carers were not aware of the decedent's suicidal intent in 84-87.2% of cases.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legal rights of the fetus: Nepali perspective. 胎儿的法律权利：尼泊尔的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275896

Alok Atreya, Ritesh G Menezes, Sagar Adhikari

引用次数: 0

Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview. 腐败气体产生的假象--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275894

Roger W Byard

{"title":"Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview.","authors":"Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241275894","url":null,"abstract":"Autolytic and putrefactive processes can cause considerable alterations to soft tissues and internal organs that may complicate forensic assessments. An overview was undertaken of the range of taphonomonic changes and processes that may result from postmortem putrefactive gas accumulation. The most commonly encountered phenomenon was purging of putrefactive fluids from the nose and mouth that was on occasion confused with bleeding from antemortem trauma. Much less common was putrefactive 'rigor mortis' where the limbs extend due to the accumulation of soft tissue and subcutaneous gas. This may sometimes be associated with alteration of the position of a body suggesting that it had been deliberately moved. Distension and stretching of the skin and subcutaneous tissues may cause recently sutured surgical incisions to dehisce, raising the possibility of inflicted incised wounds. Raised intra-abdominal pressures may cause diaphragmatic herniation of small intestine and has been associated with so-called 'coffin birth' where a fetus is expelled from the uterus after death due to pressure on the fundus. Gas accumulation on postmortem computed tomography examination may be confused with air embolism or the effects of trauma. All of these changes are the result of anaerobic bacterial action generating gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide resulting in pressure gradients.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach. 推进预防杀戮女性的研究：混合方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270818

Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed

{"title":"Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach.","authors":"Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed","doi":"10.1177/00258024241270818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241270818","url":null,"abstract":"Femicide, the killing of women, girls, and infants, is a pervasive problem affecting all global societies. Policy and research are impeded by inaccurate and missing prevalence data, gaps in understanding of femicide, especially for hard-to-reach marginalized populations, and conflicting perceptions between jurisdictions. Leveraging on a combined socio-ecologic model and Public Health approach, the paper spans the methods of a computed tomography-based injury study, an in-depth media-analysis, a legislation evaluation study, and a data barriers' study. Injury patterns, media depiction, and end-user consultations will close the loop on residual problems such as implementation, data gaps, and cultural perceptions. By mixed methods research representing multiple regions, and stakeholders, this project will enhance knowledge on interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors of femicide, advancing the humanitarian forensic discipline. The research method will identify emerging trends and facilitate improvements in tertiary prevention of femicide, specific to resource settings.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lethal septic pulmonary thromboembolism in a repatriated body - a rare complication of prolonged urinary catheterization. 一具被遣送回国的尸体出现致命的化脓性肺血栓栓塞症--长期导尿术的罕见并发症。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270813

Kathryn Harvey, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0