Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献

Corrigendum to Prison healthcare: The practical and ethical consequences of the current state of prisons. 监狱保健更正：监狱现状的实际和道德后果。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251340773

引用次数: 0

Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America. 创伤敏感瑜伽干预（TCTSY）。改善拉丁美洲被监禁妇女的条件。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329237

Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven

{"title":"Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America.","authors":"Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329237","url":null,"abstract":"Female prisoners in Latin America experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to their male counterparts. The most prevalent include anxiety and stress, which stem from feelings of insecurity, perceived failure, long periods of detention, and the inability to care for their children. Furthermore, over 50% of female prisoners have been exposed to traumatic events, including physical and/or sexual violence, and report more adverse childhood experiences and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than male prisoners. Understanding the root causes of these mental health issues is essential for developing effective interventions. Body awareness, crucial for consciousness and emotion regulation, is often compromised in individuals with PTSD, exacerbating their symptoms. Positive criminology approaches, such as yoga programs, have been shown to improve inmates' well-being and mental health by addressing these underlying issues. This commentary introduces Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) as a novel intervention designed explicitly for female prisoners with PTSD. Research indicates that TCTSY provides significant physiological and psychological benefits, including reductions in negative emotional states, hostility, and overall psychological distress. Despite these benefits, TCTSY has not yet been implemented in South American prisons. Given the substantial female prison population in Chile and their critical mental health needs, introducing TCTSY in these settings presents a promising opportunity. Implementing TCTSY could significantly enhance the well-being of female prisoners and promote prosocial behavior, addressing the urgent need for effective mental health interventions in this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Julian Assange case and its implications for expert witness evidence. 朱利安·阿桑奇案及其对专家证人证据的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251328790

Michael D Kopelman

{"title":"The Julian Assange case and its implications for expert witness evidence.","authors":"Michael D Kopelman","doi":"10.1177/00258024251328790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251328790","url":null,"abstract":"The recent Julian Assange case raised a number of important issues regarding the role of expert witnesses in court. While written from a personal perspective, this paper will suggest that these issues need much fuller discussion than they have received to date. They will be discussed in the context of what actually happened in this case, the details of which were reported only sketchily (and sometimes inaccurately) in the press. First, there is the question of what is properly a medical or a legal responsibility. A second issue concerns whether re-litigation of already determined matters should be permitted in higher courts, when the expert does not have the opportunity to respond. A third matter involves the apparently differing professional views and ethos of the legal and other professions regarding matters of personal privacy for non-participants, particularly with respect to the safeguarding of children. Other issues include the language which may be used by some lawyers in criticising expert testimony, the protection of experts from potentially libellous reporting in the press, and the use and abuse of diagnostic classifications, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). These various matters have implications for larger concerns regarding the recruitment of suitable expert witnesses to the courts.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251328790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An innovative approach to latent fingerprint development at crime scenes: The cyanoacrylate spraying methodology. 犯罪现场潜在指纹开发的创新方法：氰基丙烯酸酯喷洒方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251332536

Yakup Gulekci

{"title":"An innovative approach to latent fingerprint development at crime scenes: The cyanoacrylate spraying methodology.","authors":"Yakup Gulekci","doi":"10.1177/00258024251332536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251332536","url":null,"abstract":"The methods employed to detect latent fingerprints during crime scene investigations are continually refined and enhanced. The implementation of dusting techniques on surfaces that are unfeasible for laboratory transport often yields a lower percentage of identifiable fingerprints. This issue is predominantly due to the inherent properties of these surfaces and their respective levels of contamination. Furthermore, the application of laboratory procedures, typically designated for the cyanoacrylate fuming method, is of paramount importance for efficient fingerprint development in field conditions. In this study, five donors (three males and two females) deposited natural fingerprints on readily available materials in day-to-day life, such as microscope slides, both rough and smooth mica, and galvanized sheet metal. The analysis of fingerprints was conducted at seven distinct time intervals: 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. Each of the 280 fingerprints used was divided into two equal parts, resulting in a total of 560 fingerprint segments for examination. The findings of the current study showed that 52.9% of fingerprints suitable for identification were developed with the dusting method, 89.3% with the cyanoacrylate fuming method, and 95% especially with the cyanoacrylate spraying method. These results underscore the potential significance of the cyanoacrylate spraying method as an essential scientific technique in the resolution of criminal cases.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251332536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study. 开发一种评估联合王国安全法医单位工作人员文化能力的工具：可行性研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329208

Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen

{"title":"Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study.","authors":"Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329208","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural competence among healthcare professionals and providers is pivotal to providing effective, safe, and quality services. This paper considers the feasibility of using a tool to measure cultural competence within forensic mental health services, adapted from the Cultural Competence and Linguistic Competence Policy Assessment (CLCPA) developed in the United States (US). The adapted tool was piloted at a secure forensic unit in England; this consisted of a two-phase approach to data collection comparing the results from an initial assessment (time 1, n = 50), with those of a follow-up assessment conducted three years later (time 2, n = 100). The aim was to assess the practicability of using the tool to measure perceptions of cultural competence among 150 staff members, as part of a wider quality assurance and improvement process. The results indicate that the tool has utility in measuring perceptions of cultural competence and that the information gathered can be used to plan service improvements. Yet, it is recommended that the tool is modified at site-level as part of a collaborative exercise with staff and patients and according to service need prior to implementation.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence. 道德责任与精神障碍：精神错乱辩护的哲学探索。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329180

Nicholas Hallett

{"title":"Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence.","authors":"Nicholas Hallett","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329180","url":null,"abstract":"People are assumed to have moral responsibility, but the presence of mental disorder may call this into question. Nevertheless, when and how mental disorder affects moral responsibility is unclear. The insanity defence exculpates a defendant and effectively extinguishes their moral responsibility, although the criteria for insanity varies between different jurisdictions. Most successful cases of insanity are due to delusions, although the nature of delusions itself varies considerably. The recent case of Keal in England and Wales demonstrates some of the problems with the insanity defence, and a coherent philosophical basis for the defence is lacking. I argue that a volitional element should be added to the insanity defence in England and Wales such that a person may be exculpated on the basis of a mental disorder which sufficiently causes any of (1) defects of reason; (2) deficits in knowledge; (3) a lack of control; and (4) their ability to form intentions in crimes of intent, although the threshold should remain high. Reasons-responsive accounts of moral responsibility underpin many of these abilities. The extent to which mental disorder, particularly delusions, are considered a type of manipulation, rather than part of the self, is likely to be contributing to intuitions about exculpation although not all delusions will cause impairments or manipulation to the same extent. Amending the insanity defence in this way would be more just, more philosophically coherent and allow a more consistent approach for those with mental disorders who are charged with criminal offences.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them? 土耳其从高处坠落的妇女--拉丁美洲模式的协议能帮助她们吗？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257104

Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal

{"title":"Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them?","authors":"Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257104","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241257104","url":null,"abstract":"It is not always possible to determine the exact origin of death in cases of suspicious female deaths. Deaths resulting from falls present many challenges in forensic medicine. In order to overcome these difficulties, we screened the approaches to suspicious female deaths from international documents aimed at preventing violence against women worldwide, and we conclude that the Latin American Model Protocol (LAMP) is the most qualified one in addressing this issue. We have converted the LAMP into a checklist, compared it with the circumstances in the cases we present, and evaluated the potential benefits that LAMP could provide. The study examines three cases of women from Turkey who have died by falling from a height. In all cases, the women's partners were present with them at the time of incident. In all these three cases, partners were in a legally suspicious position and claimed that the incident was a suicide. The investigation and trial processes were different in all three cases, and various difficulties were encountered during the establishment of the truth. This study has demonstrated that, despite the actual occurrence of femicide, the use of the investigation steps proposed by LAMP and a comprehensive approach utilizing the scientific methods of forensic medicine, law, and other disciplines that can assist in analyzing the incident during the investigation process can help reveal the cases where defendants claim cases are suicide despite cases being a femicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review. 测定药物、临床和法医基质中甲苯噻嗪含量的分析方法--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275899

Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi

{"title":"Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review.","authors":"Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241275899","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine, a non-opioid veterinary anaesthetic tranquillizer that is not licensed for human use, has been linked to an increase in overdose fatalities worldwide. The study delves into the forensic aspects of xylazine usage, emphasizing on chemical, clinical and toxicological analyses of drug seizures, bodily fluids and tissues. It advocates for validated analytical methods for determining xylazine. This study provides supporting material to pave the path for the usage and development of relevant and verified alternative screening and confirmation methods for laboratories. Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed were searched for relevant articles and case reports in relation to xylazine misuse and established analytical methods for forensic investigation until April 2023. A total of 79 articles were evaluated, and 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent xylazine exposures recorded were incidental and intentional misuse/abuse. Common symptoms upon presentation were hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness and lethargy, although mortality was less prevalent. Solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are two extensively used sample preparation techniques. These techniques are used to extract desired analytes from complex matrices. Several analytical techniques have been stated, including GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD and others. The analytical procedures used are determined by the matrices involved, the amount of xylazine present, interfering compounds, the degree of precision required and the laboratory infrastructure. In the present context, the LC-MS/MS methods are preferred as the gold standard. In the near future, many analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, PSI-MS, immuno-analytical techniques and SERRS may show significant potential.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin. 国家医疗服务系统急症医院法医服务的作用：医生和近亲的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241259327

Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James

{"title":"The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin.","authors":"Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James","doi":"10.1177/00258024241259327","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241259327","url":null,"abstract":"A new Medical Examiner system was introduced in England and Wales in 2019 to scrutinise all non-coronial deaths. The three key roles of independent Medical Examiner scrutiny are to establish accurate causes of death, determine whether coronial referral is required and identify any care concerns. This is the first published service evaluation exploring the views of doctors and next of kin with whom Medical Examiner Services interact. The aims were to understand whether the Medical Examiner Service was achieving its three main roles. Surveys were sent electronically to the qualified attending practitioners, and by post to the next of kin, of a consecutive series of deceased patients reviewed by an acute NHS hospital Medical Examiner Service in the East of England. Recruitment took place over a five month period in 2023. Results are based on 100 returned surveys from doctors (response rate 35%) and 179 completed by next of kin (response rate 65%). Findings suggest the Medical Examiner Service was successfully achieving its three key roles and well received by both doctors and next of kin. Service user feedback is clearly important as Medical Examiner Services continue to develop into the statutory phase during 2024, when they are anticipated to review approximately 400,000 deaths per annum in England and Wales. This study demonstrates such feedback is not only useful for service development, but also eminently possible.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983. 废除 "依法出院"--根据《1983 年精神健康法》第 3 条和第 37 条被拘留的病人。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275901

Benjamin Andoh

{"title":"The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983.","authors":"Benjamin Andoh","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275901","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241275901","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since patients started to be admitted into mental institutions, absconding from such institutions has been a fact of life. Also, clear statutory authority to retake absconders has existed since county asylums, the forerunners of today's mental hospitals, started to be built following the County Asylums Act 1808. At present section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 concerns patients detained under a hospital order without restrictions on their discharge, etc. Section 3 of the Act, on the other hand, governs patients who are non-offenders but who are compulsorily detained in hospital for treatment. In the past, where a detained patient absconded from hospital and stayed at large beyond the period during which he could be retaken, he was deemed automatically discharged (i.e. 'discharged by operation of law'). Regarding sections 3 and 37 patients, such discharge was effectively abolished by the Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995. Not much attention has been given to this topic in the literature. This article adopts a solely legal perspective. It looks briefly at when the power to retake absconders from mental hospitals may be exercised and then examines the concept of discharge by operation of law and its abolition. It concludes that the abolition of discharge by operation of law in the case of patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983 was, though long-overdue, sensible and must be applauded.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0