Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第10页

The Border Security, Asylum and Immigration bill. 边境安全、庇护和移民法案。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251353577

Paul Arnell

引用次数: 0

Response to: 'A randomised controlled trial of eye movement desensitisation and re-processing (EMDR) in forensic services and in prison' - Letter to the editor. 回复：“眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR）在法医服务和监狱中的随机对照试验”——致编辑的信。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350786

Clare Crole-Rees, Daniel Lawrence, Laura Blundell, Kate Saward, Lewis Jones, Sarah El Anany, Gracious Simon, Natasha Kalebic, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Clinical forensic medical examinations conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in child abuse cases. 哥本哈根法医司对虐待儿童案件进行了临床法医检查。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348728

D Justesen, L Slot, L Thorlacius-Ussing, A Bugge, C J Wingren, J Banner

{"title":"Clinical forensic medical examinations conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in child abuse cases.","authors":"D Justesen, L Slot, L Thorlacius-Ussing, A Bugge, C J Wingren, J Banner","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348728","url":null,"abstract":"Child abuse, including physical, sexual, or emotional violence or neglect, is a global problem with serious and long-term consequences for children. Even though child abuse is prohibited in Denmark, the estimated number of physically and sexually abused children is relatively high, whereas the annual number of forensically examined children is low. We present the Danish practice and legal foundation for the clinical forensic medical examination (hereinafter referred to as \"forensic examination\") in suspected child abuse cases. Forensically documented findings may contribute to the police investigation and legal assessment of child abuse cases, safeguarding the rule of law for both children and suspected perpetrators. The forensic examinations are accredited according to international and European standards, and the Department of Forensic Medicine is regularly assessed for the fulfillment of accreditation. Accreditation, delimitations from medical treatment and police employment, and the fact that the department refers to the University of Copenhagen ensure impartiality from the police and the judicial system. A cross-sectoral intervention project has significantly increased the annual number of forensically examined children at the Danish Children's Advocacy Center (CAC) in Copenhagen, which supports children's legal rights and holds research potential due to systematic and continuous data collection.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic and psychopathological framing of complex suicides: A retrospective study over the last 30 years. 复杂自杀的法医和精神病理学框架：过去30年的回顾性研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251319694

Stefano Tambuzzi, Guendalina Gentile, Michele Boracchi, Franca Crippa, Raffaella Calati, Riccardo Zoja

{"title":"Forensic and psychopathological framing of complex suicides: A retrospective study over the last 30 years.","authors":"Stefano Tambuzzi, Guendalina Gentile, Michele Boracchi, Franca Crippa, Raffaella Calati, Riccardo Zoja","doi":"10.1177/00258024251319694","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251319694","url":null,"abstract":"Complex Suicide (CS) is defined as an unusual form of suicide in which several harmful methods are used, simultaneously or in succession, whose purpose is to avoid the possible ineffectiveness of one of the methods used to produce a certain fatal outcome. The study of CS is of great interest and plays a fundamental role in characterizing the knowledge of these rare events. We have retrospectively evaluated all CS cases examined at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Milan from 1993 to 2022 (n = 75) with the aim of characterizing the deceased who have resorted to it. We also compared the sample of 75 CS cases with a sample of paired 115 \"simple\" suicides (with a single method). Our analysis revealed that the CS cases were carried out by a \"typical\" subject identified as an adult male, between 41 and 50 years old, suffering from psychiatric disorders and, in particular, major depressive disorder. The most frequent harmful mode was plastic bag suffocation associated with self-poisoning. CS cases used less violent methods than simple suicide controls. The pathological-forensic approach has brought to light elements that can be useful both for forensic professionals (pathologists and psychiatrists) in correctly classifying these unusual and challenging events and for clinicians working on the front line. Some profiles have been outlined that can be used to identify potentially vulnerable individuals who could benefit from increased health surveillance to treat and prevent suicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health challenges of enforced disappearances: A call for research and action. 强迫失踪的精神健康挑战：呼吁进行研究和采取行动。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251349373

Anis Ahmed, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives. 利用计算机断层扫描图像对颅骨进行性别、身材和年龄的估计：现状、挑战和未来展望。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348727

Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives.","authors":"Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348727","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348727","url":null,"abstract":"The skull has long been recognized and utilized in forensic investigations, evolving from basic to complex analyses with modern technologies. Advances in radiology and technology have enhanced the ability to analyze biological identifiers-sex, stature, and age at death-from the skull. The use of computed tomography imaging helps practitioners to improve the accuracy and reliability of forensic analyses. Recently, artificial intelligence has increasingly been applied in digital forensic investigations to estimate sex, stature, and age from computed tomography images. The integration of artificial intelligence represents a significant shift in multidisciplinary collaboration, offering the potential for more accurate and reliable identification, along with advancements in academia. However, it is not yet fully developed for routine forensic work, as it remains largely in the research and development phase. Additionally, the limitations of artificial intelligence systems, such as the lack of transparency in algorithms, accountability for errors, and the potential for discrimination, must still be carefully considered. Based on scientific publications from the past decade, this article aims to provide an overview of the application of computed tomography imaging in estimating sex, stature, and age from the skull and to address issues related to future directions to further improvement.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"321-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy. 尸检中COVID-19感染的致死性胃肠道表现。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348724

John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy.","authors":"John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348724","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348724","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia is a rare event that has a high mortality rate, particularly in the elderly. Despite gastrointestinal symptoms being relatively common in COVID-19 infections, however, lethal gut complications are often not considered. Two cases with fatal COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia are therefore reported. Case 1: A 74-year-old woman who died following a presentation with diarrhoea and abdominal pain was found at autopsy to have extensive ischaemic changes of her small and large intestines. The superior mesenteric artery and its major branches were widely patent. Histologically acute inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa and intramucosal haemorrhage were found with fibrin thrombi in intramucosal and submucosal vessels. Respiratory viral nucleic acid testing performed on a retronasal swab obtained at autopsy was positive for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Death was due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. Case 2: A 94-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection died after developing abdominal pain with melaena and bright red rectal bleeding. At autopsy there was focal transmural acute inflammation of the small intestine with multiple fibrin microthrombi. Death was also due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. In the absence of obstructive vascular lesions at autopsy in cases of intestinal ischaemia, COVID-19 should be considered with appropriate swabbing and careful histological sampling of the intestine and mesentery to check for microvascular fibrin thrombi.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"351-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and 'no-body' femicides from the Republic of Ireland. 无迹可寻：爱尔兰共和国长期失踪的妇女和女孩以及“无人”杀害妇女的案件。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316240

Bernadette M Manifold

{"title":"Without a trace: Long-term missing women and girls and 'no-body' femicides from the Republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024251316240","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251316240","url":null,"abstract":"Missing persons are a major part of everyday policing. However, some missing person cases can be highly emotive and challenging such as missing women and girls. Women who go missing have a greater risk of coming to harm. This study focused on 38 long-term missing women and girls from the Irish Republic from 1971 to 2023 of which 12 cases are now classified as homicides, and the whereabouts of the bodies remain unknown. The majority of cases are in Leinster with 25. Eight missing persons are under 18 years, and 22 are between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Domestic violence was a feature in five cases, involvement in a fight prior to disappearance in seven cases, and inconsistencies in statements by intimate partners and close family members regarding the victim's mental health were noted in seven cases. In nine cases, the personal belongings of the victim remained in the home. In seven cases, there was suggestive evidence that the victim entered water. These factors were seen in both the missing and classified homicide cases. The suicide narrative is heavily implied in many of these cases. A woman's mental health and stage of life such as pregnancy, childbirth and menopause can be exploited and used as an advantage to a potential killer. It is therefore paramount that missing women who are considered to have taken their own lives should be thoroughly investigated, with a special focus on cases where evidence suggests drowning and jumping from a height.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The significance of prostate-specific antigen in forensic examinations of sexual violence: A case report. 前列腺特异性抗原在性暴力法医检查中的意义：1例报告。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251330100

Augustinas Stasiūnas, Jurgita Stasiūnienė, Diana Vasiljevaitė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Sigitas Laima, Paulius Mankevičius, Rokas Šimakauskas, Dmitrij Fomin

{"title":"The significance of prostate-specific antigen in forensic examinations of sexual violence: A case report.","authors":"Augustinas Stasiūnas, Jurgita Stasiūnienė, Diana Vasiljevaitė, Sigitas Chmieliauskas, Sigitas Laima, Paulius Mankevičius, Rokas Šimakauskas, Dmitrij Fomin","doi":"10.1177/00258024251330100","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251330100","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests are used in forensic science to perform rapid semen screening on vaginal swab samples from suspected victims of sexual assault. In some sexual assault cases, clothing or bedding is key evidence. A pre-trial investigation was launched following a complaint by an 85-year-old woman, who alleged that she had been raped by her 63-year-old son-in-law with whom she lives. Traces of seminal fluid were found in the vaginal swab (following a PSA test), and traces of seminal fluid, along with the victim's DNA and a partial DNA profile of the suspect, were found on the victim's underwear. The first-instance court (district court) found the man guilty and sentenced him to 3 years and 6 months of imprisonment for rape. Although PSA is produced in the prostate and secreted into seminal fluid, it is not exclusive to the prostate. PSA can be detected in women's bodies in various pathological conditions. In cases of sexual violence, the proper interpretation of laboratory tests is essential, taking into account all the circumstances of the incident as well as the victim's medical history.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"345-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time to address the reality of dying alone. 是时候面对孤独终老的现实了。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348713

Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh

引用次数: 0