Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第9页

Mental health care provision for segregated prisoners in England. 英格兰为隔离囚犯提供的心理保健服务。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241236022

Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Machine learning and regression analysis for age estimation from the iliac crest based on computed tomographic explorations in an Indian population. 基于印度人口计算机断层扫描探查的髂嵴年龄估计机器学习和回归分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231198917

Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"Machine learning and regression analysis for age estimation from the iliac crest based on computed tomographic explorations in an Indian population.","authors":"Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231198917","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231198917","url":null,"abstract":"Age estimation constitutes an integral parameter of identification. In children, sub-adults, and young adults, accurate age estimation is vital on various aspects of civil, criminal, and immigration law. The iliac crest presents as a suitable age marker within these age cohorts, and the modified Risser method constitutes a relatively novel and unexplored method for iliac crest age estimation. The present study attempted to ascertain the applicability of this modified method for age estimation in the Indian population, an aspect previously unexplored, through computed tomographic examination of the iliac crest. Computed tomography scans of consenting individuals undergoing routine examinations of the pelvis/ abdomen for various clinically indicated reasons were collected and scored using the modified Risser stages. Computed tomographic examinations of the iliac crest indicate that the recalibrated method accurately depicts the temporal progression of ossification and fusion changes. Different regression and machine learning models were subsequently derived and/or trained to evaluate the accuracy and precision associated with the method. Amongst the ten regression models derived herein, compound regression exhibited the lowest inaccuracy (4.78 years) and root mean squared error values (5.46 years). Machine learning yielded further reduced error rates, with decision tree regression achieving inaccuracy and root mean squared error values of 1.88 years and 2.28 years, respectively. A comparative evaluation of error computations obtained from regression analysis and machine learning illustrates the statistical superiority of machine learning for forensic age estimation. Error computations obtained with machine learning suggest that the modified Risser method is capable of permitting reliable age estimation within criminal and civil proceedings.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"204-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report. 食管内镜扩张后致死性脑空气栓塞1例。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231212878

Kimberly Hamilton, Matthew Orde, Gordon Finlayson

{"title":"Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report.","authors":"Kimberly Hamilton, Matthew Orde, Gordon Finlayson","doi":"10.1177/00258024231212878","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231212878","url":null,"abstract":"This is a case of a patient who underwent an esophageal dilatation for benign esophageal strictures. As a consequence of the procedure, she developed an esophageal rupture and multiple cerebral and cerebellar air emboli resulting in infarction. The patient died after being placed on comfort care measures. The postmortem examination revealed focal breach of the esophageal mucosa but no sites of cardiac or vascular shunting that could account for the transit of air from the esophagus to the central nervous system. The phenomenon of vascular air entry as a consequence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic intervention is an uncommon but very serious complication of balloon dilatation therapy. Instances of progression to intracranial arterial gas embolism are even less common, but are well described in a small number of case reports. We present a fatal case of central nervous system air embolism post-balloon dilatation therapy with associated antemortem imaging, autopsy, and microscopic images followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms of entry of air into the brain.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92155194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population. 利用三维体积渲染技术，通过回归方程对印度北部人口的肩胛骨测量结果进行身材估算。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231193585

Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy

{"title":"Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population.","authors":"Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy","doi":"10.1177/00258024231193585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231193585","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the correlation between the stature and scapular measurements from both sides in order to develop population-specific regression equations to estimate the stature from measurements of the scapula in a contemporary Northern Indian population individually for the left and right sides. A total of 597 cadavers underwent postmortem multidetector computed tomography and subsequent medicolegal autopsy in our department between August 2021 and August 2022. Two hundred samples (100 males and 100 females) were randomly collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six linear anthropometric measurements of the scapula from either side were measured using the 3D volume-rendered technique by an electronic cursor. Each anthropometric measurement showed a significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). Regression analysis was applied to match the taken measurements against stature. The accuracy to predict stature ranged from 3.99 to 4.94 cm for males and from 4.49 to 5.27 cm for females, respectively. Left-sided measurements were better predictors of stature than the right side in both genders. The results of this study indicate that scapular measurements could be useful to estimate the stature of Northern Indian individuals, particularly in scenarios of disaster victim identification lacking long bones, which are considered to be better predictors to date.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review. 沙特阿拉伯的校园暴力：范围审查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231216550

Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes

{"title":"School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review.","authors":"Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes","doi":"10.1177/00258024231216550","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231216550","url":null,"abstract":"School violence comprises a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, and sexual acts that impact children and adolescents physically, psychologically, and academically. The aim of this article is to provide a scoping review of school violence in Saudi Arabia. The adversities of school violence and related forensic, legal, and social aspects from a Saudi Arabian perspective are discussed. The articles were extracted through the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases in a comprehensive criteria-based search strategy using relevant MeSH terms to identify papers related to school violence in Saudi Arabia from inception to October 6, 2022, and a total of 14 studies have been extracted and discussed. There were indicates that male students tend to engage in physical violence while females tend to engage in verbal violence. The consequences included having a significant impact on students' mental wellbeing, followed by a decrease in academic performance. Therefore, this study will identify the risk factors and present the preventive methods that can guide local institutions to establish new policies to increase awareness and implement culturally acceptable, community-based programs against school violence in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland. 爱尔兰共和国亲密和非亲密杀戮女性案件中受害者与犯罪者的关系、年龄和杀人方式。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231196628

Bernadette M Manifold

{"title":"Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024231196628","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231196628","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a review of femicides over 31 years (1991-2021) from the Republic of Ireland. A total of 253 cases were located and reviewed, of those 125 were intimate partner homicides (IPH) and 128 non-intimate homicides (NIH). One hundred and ninety-nine (78%) girls and women were killed by a male known to them - intimate partner (husband, partner, boyfriend, ex-partner, ex-boyfriend) (n = 125; 48%), family members (son, grandson, brother, cousin) (n = 25; 10%) and/or acquaintances (n = 49; 19%) from adolescence to old age. Thirty-one (12%) were killed by a stranger and 23 cases remain unsolved at this time. The method of killing depended on the relationship and age of the victim and perpetrator. The majority of IPH victims were less than 45 years of age (n = 101). Twenty-four were over 45 years of which six were over 60 years of age. The leading method of killing in IPHs was stabbing and strangulation and this was more prevalent in those aged between 26 and 45 years. As age increases, IPH decreases with the exception of cases of IP homicide-suicide. Adolescents (13-19 years) and young women (20-25 years) were more often killed by strangulation. Strangulation was also the leading cause of death in stranger killings particularly with sexual violence. There were 20 cases of matricide, with 17 perpetrators suffering from a mental illness at the time of the killing. The leading method of homicide in non-intimate homicides was blunt force trauma.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10052213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Gender competent public law and policies by Marko Kostić and Svetislav Kostić 书评：Marko Kostić 和 Svetislav Kostić 所著《促进两性平等的公共法律和政策

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241254271

Aulia Riski, Syahriyati, Fadhilah Mahanani Saputri, M. R. Wiryawan, P. N. Sari, Arina Mufrihah, Mohammad Ilham Santoso

引用次数: 0

The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders 卡塔尔首个法医社区小组在减少精神不健康罪犯再犯和再次入院方面的作用

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241245863

Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat

{"title":"The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders","authors":"Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat","doi":"10.1177/00258024241245863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241245863","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Qatar established its Community Forensic Mental Health Team (CFMHT) in 2019 as part of the region's first comprehensive forensic psychiatry service. We present here the data on clinical and offending outcomes since its establishment and compare this with data from before the service was established. Objectives: To compare clinical and offending outcomes in mental health patients with criminal offending histories in Qatar before and after the establishment of CFMHT. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the socio-demographical characteristics, clinical outcome and recidivism measures of forensic patients, under the CFMHT for the last 2 years with data from a similar period before the services were in place. Results: Data for 85 patients under the active care of forensic community team were matched with a comparable group before the establishment of the services. The re-admission and reoffending rates after the establishment of the service over 2-year follow-up were 17.6% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with 40% and 32% before the service. Conclusions: Since its inception, the CFMHT has made a significant positive impact on quality of life, mental well-being and safety of patients under its care. Close working relationships with the criminal justice system, families and carers have helped fight stigma and promote safer communities.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying focal points to prevent traffic accidents in Japan and specific measures proposed: Aspects common to Japan and South Korea and suggested preventive measures 确定日本预防交通事故的重点，并提出具体措施：日本和韩国的共同点及建议的预防措施

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241245873

Ken Inoue, Tatsushige Fukunaga, Haruo Takeshita, Yasuyuki Fujita, Satomi Kameo, Masaharu Hoshi, Noriyuki Kawano

引用次数: 0

How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patients' rights are protected. 不同国家如何应对不良事件，同时保护患者的权利。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182369

Eva Gil-Hernández, Irene Carrillo, Mary-Elizabeth Tumelty, Einav Srulovici, Kris Vanhaecht, Katharine Ann Wallis, Priscila Giraldo, María Pilar Astier-Peña, Massimiliano Panella, Sofia Guerra-Paiva, Sandra Buttigieg, Deborah Seys, Reinhard Strametz, Asier Urruela Mora, José Joaquín Mira

{"title":"How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patients' rights are protected.","authors":"Eva Gil-Hernández, Irene Carrillo, Mary-Elizabeth Tumelty, Einav Srulovici, Kris Vanhaecht, Katharine Ann Wallis, Priscila Giraldo, María Pilar Astier-Peña, Massimiliano Panella, Sofia Guerra-Paiva, Sandra Buttigieg, Deborah Seys, Reinhard Strametz, Asier Urruela Mora, José Joaquín Mira","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182369","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182369","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety is high on the policy agenda internationally. Learning from safety incidents is a core component in achieving the important goal of increasing patient safety. This study explores the legal frameworks in the countries to promote reporting, disclosure, and supporting healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in safety incidents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to ascertain an overview of the legal frameworks at national level, as well as relevant policies. ERNST (The European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victims) group peer-reviewed data collected from countries was performed to validate information. Information from 27 countries was collected and analyzed, giving a response rate of 60%. A reporting system for patient safety incidents was in place in 85.2% (N = 23) of countries surveyed, though few (37%, N = 10) were focused on systems-learning. In about half of the countries (48.1%, N = 13) open disclosure depends on the initiative of HCPs. The tort liability system was common in most countries. No-fault compensation schemes and alternative forms of redress were less common. Support for HCPs involved in patient safety incidents was extremely limited, with just 11.1% (N = 3) of participating countries reporting that supports were available in all healthcare institutions. Despite progress in the patient safety movement worldwide, the findings suggest that there are considerable differences in the approach to the reporting and disclosure of patient safety incidents. Additionally, models of compensation vary limiting patients' access to redress. Finally, the results highlight the need for comprehensive support for HCPs involved in safety incidents.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"96-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0