Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第9页

Medically assisted suicide in Italy: Recent legal developments on a controversial topic. 意大利的医疗协助自杀：一个有争议话题的最新法律进展。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182373

Rossana Cecchi, Matilde Sassani, Francesco Saverio Romolo, Alfredo Rovito, Massimo Montisci, Vittoria Masotti, Alessandra Sannella

引用次数: 0

Recidivism risk in male adult sex offenders with psychopathic traits assessed by PCL-R: A systematic review. PCL-R评估具有精神变态特征的男性成年性犯罪者的累犯风险：一项系统综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231187186

Giulia Moretti, Emma Flutti, Miriana Colanino, Danila Ferlito, Livio Amoresano, Guido Travaini

{"title":"Recidivism risk in male adult sex offenders with psychopathic traits assessed by PCL-R: A systematic review.","authors":"Giulia Moretti, Emma Flutti, Miriana Colanino, Danila Ferlito, Livio Amoresano, Guido Travaini","doi":"10.1177/00258024231187186","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231187186","url":null,"abstract":"Psychopathy has been empirically associated with various forms of antisocial behavior including sexual assault. In fact, the lack of empathy characterizing psychopathic offenders may facilitate the perpetration of more extreme violence. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between psychopathy traits in male adult sex offenders and the increase in recidivism risk for any type of reoffence, with a special focus on sexual recidivism. From an initial sample of 757 articles related to the topic, only 14 were selected from the current literature at the end of the inclusion process. Each of these assessed the relation between psychopathy traits (measured by PCL-R) and recidivism risk in male sex offenders (age > 18), providing an effect size (quantitative findings). The results of their analysis agree with the currently available literature: the presence of psychopathic traits in sex offenders would seem to correlate with an increased risk of recidivism of general but non-sexual. Furthermore, almost half of the included works highlighted a positive relationship between psychopathy and violent reoffences. However, the limited availability of studies and the unevenness in their results indicate the need to expand future research in this direction.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9865722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age estimation in the combined long bones and ribs by histomorphometry: Past, present, and future. 用组织形态测量法估计长骨和肋骨的年龄:过去、现在和未来。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231208280

Treerat Gumpangseth, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Age estimation in the combined long bones and ribs by histomorphometry: Past, present, and future.","authors":"Treerat Gumpangseth, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024231208280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231208280","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous age estimation methods in unidentified bone have been a long time developing for application in forensic anthropology. The histomorphometric technique is one of the alternative methods that relied upon the evaluation of the cortical bone microstructure over the lifespan as a result of the remodeling process in bone. Remodeling is a sophisticated event occurring from the coupled function of bone formation and resorption cells for maintaining mineral homeostasis and repairment of microdamage in bone tissue. Products derived from remodeling are primary changes in the osteon or haversian system in various regions in the cortical bone, including periosteum, endosteum, and trabecular bone. Throughout life, bone remodeling rate with osteon alteration can be predictable. In the forensic field, histological methods are getting more attention due to the unavailability of macroscopic methods. Histomorphometry approach can be accomplished in fragmentary or incomplete bone remains indicating the limited use of gross morphological methods. In addition, the microscopic methods can aid to increase the more accuracy of analyses and diminish the biased subjective assessment for determining age. Most histomorphometry method utilizes a cross-section of the midshaft of the long bones including the mandible, rib, and clavicle. This review provides the basic knowledge of bone biology and anatomy, several age-estimating methods of histology, and crucial factors for age methods. Studies regarding overall age determination methods from the past until now contribute to obtaining more benefits for developing methods of histomorphometry using human bone in forensic identification.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"52-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the characteristics of suicide in Japan in the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of continued suicide prevention measures. COVID-19 大流行第三年日本自杀特征的变化以及继续采取自杀预防措施的重要性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231165432

Ken Inoue, Yasuyuki Fujita, Noriyuki Kawano, Masaharu Hoshi, Tatsushige Fukunaga

引用次数: 0

Transnational comparison of the impact of COVID-19 on medicolegal death investigations and the administration of justice: Early stages of the pandemic. 跨国比较 COVID-19 对法医死亡调查和司法的影响：大流行病的早期阶段。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182361

Vienna C Lam, Steff King, Sheryl C Fabian, Gail S Anderson

引用次数: 0

The relationship between biological parameters and facial soft tissue thickness measured by ultrasound and its forensic implications. 超声波测量的生物参数与面部软组织厚度之间的关系及其法医学意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182360

Petra Švábová, Mária Matláková, Radoslav Beňuš, Mária Chovancová, Soňa Masnicová

{"title":"The relationship between biological parameters and facial soft tissue thickness measured by ultrasound and its forensic implications.","authors":"Petra Švábová, Mária Matláková, Radoslav Beňuš, Mária Chovancová, Soňa Masnicová","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182360","url":null,"abstract":"Facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) data are currently widely used in forensic and medical science. In the forensic sciences, they form the basis for craniofacial reconstruction and identification methods. Since there are few FSTT data in the Slovak population, this study aims to enrich the data in well-defined age categories, taking into account differences between sexes and body mass index (BMI). The sample consisted of 127 participants aged 17 to 86 years from Slovakia. In addition to biological sex and age information, stature and body weight were recorded to calculate BMI. Subsequently, 17 facial anthropometric landmarks were used to measure FSTT using a noninvasive General Electric LOGIQe R7 ultrasound device. The mean values of FSTT were greater in the mouth region in males and in the zygomatic and eye regions in females. Differences between males and females, regardless of sex and BMI, were significant only at two landmarks. When BMI and age were taken into account, there were differences in 12 of 17 landmarks. Linear regression results showed the strongest correlation of most landmarks with BMI, followed by age and sex. When the FSTT was estimated in association with sex/age/BMI, landmarks in the zygomatic, mandibular, and frontal regions were the best regressors. The results of the present study demonstrate that B-mode ultrasound measurements of FSTT can be used in facial reconstruction as a function of BMI, age, and sex of the subject. Furthermore, the present regression equations can help practitioners in the forensic/medical field to calculate individual tissue thickness.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9717856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assigned sex estimation with the clavicle and scapula: A study in a Portuguese reference sample. 用锁骨和肩胛骨估测性别：葡萄牙参考样本研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231174822

Francisco Curate, Inês Alves, Tomás Rodrigues, Susana J Garcia

{"title":"Assigned sex estimation with the clavicle and scapula: A study in a Portuguese reference sample.","authors":"Francisco Curate, Inês Alves, Tomás Rodrigues, Susana J Garcia","doi":"10.1177/00258024231174822","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231174822","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of biological sex is a critical step in the assessment of the biological profile of an anonymous skeletonized individual. In certain recovery circumstances, the most dimorphic skeletal areas, such as the pelvis, are absent or fragmented; in that case, other bones of the skeleton, including the clavicle and scapula, can be used to predict sex. The purpose of this research is to generate new models for the estimation of sex with clavicular and scapular measurements using a study-sample of 129 individuals with clavicle (65 males and 64 females) and 112 individuals with scapula (50 males and 62 females) from the Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection (Portugal). A decision tree classifier (C4.5) and logistic regression (LR) were employed to create univariable and multivariable sex prediction models. Accuracy under cross-validation of the classification models is high (up to 93.8%), with minimal bias (<5%), particularly in the multivariable models. The proposed LR models facilitate the probabilistic estimation of biological sex, accounting for the significant overlap in the expression of sexual dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9451967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

British Academy of Forensic Sciences - President's new year message. 英国法医科学院院长新年致辞。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231211246

Peter Watson

引用次数: 0

Methamphetamine use in homicide victims. 凶杀案受害者吸食甲基苯丙胺的情况。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231165433

Luzern Tan, Lilli Stephenson, Roger Byard

{"title":"Methamphetamine use in homicide victims.","authors":"Luzern Tan, Lilli Stephenson, Roger Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024231165433","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231165433","url":null,"abstract":"Methamphetamine use is increasing in the Australian population. It has a known association with violent and erratic behaviour and with an increased risk of unnatural deaths. To determine whether victims of homicide have significant exposure to methamphetamine 100 randomly selected de-identified homicide cases from 2012 to 2021 were accessed from the Forensic Science SA (FSSA) Pathology Database to determine the type of homicide and whether methamphetamine was detected in the blood. A total of 76 males and 24 females were found (M:F = 3:1). Of these, 30 victims (30%) had methamphetamine detected in blood, consisting of 26 males and 4 females (M:F = 6:1; male age range 18-53 years, average 36.8 years; female age range 28-63 years average 44.8 years). Levels of methamphetamine ranged from 0.02 to 3.3 mg/L with an average of 0.64 mg/L, with the highest numbers of positive cases occurring in victims of gunshot wounds (45.5%), and the lowest in those with lethal blunt force trauma (23.5%). This study has demonstrated that victims of homicide in an Australian population are more likely to have used methamphetamine than members of the general population. The reasons for this remain unclear although involvement in a drug selling environment may be an important determinant.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9169821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex determination using the clavicle by deep learning in a Thai population. 通过深度学习在泰国人群中使用锁骨进行性别鉴定。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231169233

Kewalee Pichetpan, Phruksachat Singsuwan, Pittayarat Intasuwan, Apichat Sinthubua, Patison Palee, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Sex determination using the clavicle by deep learning in a Thai population.","authors":"Kewalee Pichetpan, Phruksachat Singsuwan, Pittayarat Intasuwan, Apichat Sinthubua, Patison Palee, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024231169233","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231169233","url":null,"abstract":"Determining sex is a critical process in estimating biological profiles from skeletal remains. The clavicle is interesting in studying sex determination because it is durable to the environment, slow to decay, challenging to destroy, making the clavicle useful in autopsies and identification which can then lead to verification. The goal of this study was to use deep learning in determining sex from clavicles within the Thai population and obtain the accuracies for the validation set using a convolutional neural network (GoogLeNet). A total of 200 pairs of clavicles were obtained from 200 Thai persons (100 males and 100 females) as part of a training group. For the deep learning approach, the clavicle was photographed, and each clavicle image was submitted to the training model for sex determination. Training groups of 200 samples were made. Images of the same size were input into the training model. The percentage of the validation set accuracy was calculated from the MATLAB program. GoogLeNet was the best training model and get the result of validation set accuracy. The results of this study found accuracies for a validation set with the highest overall right lateral view of the clavicle with an accuracy of 95%. Accuracy from the validation set of each view of the clavicle can demonstrate the forensic value of sex determination. A deep learning approach with clavicles can determine the sex and is simple to utilize for forensic anthropology professionals.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9364754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0