Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第9页

A forensic disciplinary investigation of deaths caused by traditional wooden house fires; A 10-year autopsy study in Turkey. 对传统木制房屋火灾造成的死亡进行法医纪律调查；在土耳其进行的一项为期10年的尸检研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261435764

Talip Vural, Melike Erbaş, Hüseyin Ç Ketenci

{"title":"A forensic disciplinary investigation of deaths caused by traditional wooden house fires; A 10-year autopsy study in Turkey.","authors":"Talip Vural, Melike Erbaş, Hüseyin Ç Ketenci","doi":"10.1177/00258024261435764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261435764","url":null,"abstract":"In the Eastern Black Sea Region, located in the northeast of Turkey, traditional wooden houses with rich visual and architectural features represent an important aspect of folk building arts. However, fires in these wooden houses, which have a high fire load, pose a significant public health issue, leading to substantial loss of life and property. This study aimed to evaluate deaths caused by wooden house fires over a 10-year-period from a forensic medicine perspective, with the goal of raising social awareness and providing recommendations for prevention and protection. 87.1% of the victims died at the scene. 68.2% of the bodies exhibited fourth-degree (carbonized) burns. 78.8% showed macroscopic soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract. 69.4% had elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, with a mean value of 41.2%. Identification was achieved through DNA comparison analysis in 36.5% of cases. The study determined that 83.6% of the deaths resulted from direct carbon monoxide intoxication, direct burns, or a combination of burns and carbon monoxide intoxication. To accurately determine both the identity of the deceased and the true cause of death in fire victims, a comprehensive investigation is essential. This includes detailed crime scene examination and extended toxicological, pathological, radiological, and molecular genetic analyses alongside autopsy procedures. Strong correlations were identified between blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract (macroscopic and microscopic), and fire-related causes of death. Furthermore, DNA comparison analysis enables 100% accurate identification, even in highly carbonized bodies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261435764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A customized CNN model for signature authentication-Forensic implications. 用于签名认证的定制CNN模型-法医学含义。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261420542

Rakesh Meena, Damini Siwan, Ankita Guleria, Nandini Chitara, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ayushi Srivastava, Tej Kaur, Vishal Sharma, Abhik Ghosh, Kewal Krishan

{"title":"A customized CNN model for signature authentication-Forensic implications.","authors":"Rakesh Meena, Damini Siwan, Ankita Guleria, Nandini Chitara, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ayushi Srivastava, Tej Kaur, Vishal Sharma, Abhik Ghosh, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.1177/00258024261420542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261420542","url":null,"abstract":"Signature authentication refers to the verification whether the signature is legitimate or forged and is executed by the person who is claiming to have signed it. The main objective of the present research was to customize a deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on a primary dataset for signature authentication. The model was trained, validated, and tested on the dataset of the 1400 signature images (700 genuine and 700 forged) primarily obtained from the study participants. The signature samples were equally divided into a train (1000 samples comprising 500 forged and 500 genuine signatures) and a test dataset (400 samples comprising 200 forged and 200 genuine signatures) as per the requirements of the model's training and testing procedure. The model's architecture was optimized with different hyperparameters to achieve a higher accuracy rate. The results show that the proposed model attains the training, validation and testing accuracy of 97.32%, 97.92%, and 84.5% respectively. Furthermore, other evaluation matrices were also computed, including precision, recall (sensitivity), F1-score, and specificity with the values of 85%, 84%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. The accuracy matrices provide better performance over the other existing methods. This customized CNN architecture can be trained on larger datasets and directly deployed in the field of forensic science for signature examination. The study has wide-ranging applications in the banking sector, forensic document examination, courtrooms, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261420542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A medico-legal analysis of litigation in cardiology and cardiac surgery: An 11-year case series and comparison of out-of-court resolution and legal proceedings. 心脏病学和心脏外科诉讼的医学-法律分析：11年的案例系列和庭外解决和法律诉讼的比较。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261419614

Alessandra Zappi, Rosario Barranco, Isabella Caristo, Francesco Ventura

{"title":"A medico-legal analysis of litigation in cardiology and cardiac surgery: An 11-year case series and comparison of out-of-court resolution and legal proceedings.","authors":"Alessandra Zappi, Rosario Barranco, Isabella Caristo, Francesco Ventura","doi":"10.1177/00258024261419614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261419614","url":null,"abstract":"Recent decades have been characterized by an exponential increase in medico-legal litigation and an accentuated interest in healthcare responsibility. This study aims to examine cases of alleged medical negligence in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in one of the largest hospitals in north-west Italy, over a 11-year period (2013-2023). The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between compensation claims initially advanced by patients (or their legal representatives) in the pre-trial phase and the final outcomes of legal proceedings brought before the court. This article provides an important opportunity for a critical and in-depth analysis of litigation in the fields of cardiology and cardiac surgery, with the aim of improving the efficiency of case management.In the period 2013-2023, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital received a total of 1704 compensation claims, of which 39 (2.29%) were related to alleged cardiological and cardiosurgical professional liabilities. About 64.10% of the compensation claims (25 out of 39) were deemed illegitimate due to the absence of professional responsibility, and were therefore rejected by the Claims Management Committee (CMC). In 38.5% of cases, legal action was pursued, and in four cases, the hospital was ordered to compensate the patient for medical negligence. Conversely, in three cases, the Judge's ruling was in favour of the Hospital. Currently, eight legal actions remain ongoing, and their outcomes are pending.Overall, over the 11-year study period, litigation cases in the cardiology and cardiac surgery fields were relatively infrequent.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261419614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of judicial dissatisfaction with, and criticism of, expert healthcare witnesses. 司法不满和批评的研究，专家保健证人。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261418416

Keith Rix

{"title":"A study of judicial dissatisfaction with, and criticism of, expert healthcare witnesses.","authors":"Keith Rix","doi":"10.1177/00258024261418416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261418416","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of healthcare professionals discharge satisfactorily their civic duty to aid the execution of public justice by assisting courts and tribunals and may have their assistance gratefully acknowledged in a judgment that is on the public record. However, the conduct of a minority causes judicial dissatisfaction and sometimes criticism. The British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) online resource for the period September 2019 to August 2025 has been used to identify such cases. Examples are given of healthcare expert practice which have repeatedly caused concern: absent, insufficient or unclear reasoning; misuse, or failure to cite, literature; inaccuracy; failure to triangulate self-reported history with other evidence; failure to keep up with evidence; inappropriate language; late introduction of evidence; disregard, omission or misrepresentation of instructions; inadequate treatment of issues; failure to comply with procedural rules and guidance; partisanship; absent or inadequate referencing; incomplete range of opinion; misunderstanding of legal test; ignorance or disregard of procedural rules or guidance; disregard of, or challenge to, previous factual findings; acting outside expertise; omitting evidence that undermines opinion; unwillingness to make reasonable concessions; misuse of, or failure to refer to, relevant clinical guidelines; criticism of other experts; and dishonesty. Expert healthcare witnesses whose conduct results in judicial dissatisfaction or criticism appear to be unaware of, or to misunderstand, the duties of an expert witness or to act in disregard of them.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261418416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study. 开发一种评估联合王国安全法医单位工作人员文化能力的工具：可行性研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329208

Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen

{"title":"Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study.","authors":"Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329208","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251329208","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural competence among healthcare professionals and providers is pivotal to providing effective, safe, and quality services. This paper considers the feasibility of using a tool to measure cultural competence within forensic mental health services, adapted from the Cultural Competence and Linguistic Competence Policy Assessment (CLCPA) developed in the United States (US). The adapted tool was piloted at a secure forensic unit in England; this consisted of a two-phase approach to data collection comparing the results from an initial assessment (time 1, n = 50), with those of a follow-up assessment conducted three years later (time 2, n = 100). The aim was to assess the practicability of using the tool to measure perceptions of cultural competence among 150 staff members, as part of a wider quality assurance and improvement process. The results indicate that the tool has utility in measuring perceptions of cultural competence and that the information gathered can be used to plan service improvements. Yet, it is recommended that the tool is modified at site-level as part of a collaborative exercise with staff and patients and according to service need prior to implementation.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence. 道德责任与精神障碍：精神错乱辩护的哲学探索。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329180

Nicholas Hallett

{"title":"Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence.","authors":"Nicholas Hallett","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329180","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251329180","url":null,"abstract":"People are assumed to have moral responsibility, but the presence of mental disorder may call this into question. Nevertheless, when and how mental disorder affects moral responsibility is unclear. The insanity defence exculpates a defendant and effectively extinguishes their moral responsibility, although the criteria for insanity varies between different jurisdictions. Most successful cases of insanity are due to delusions, although the nature of delusions itself varies considerably. The recent case of Keal in England and Wales demonstrates some of the problems with the insanity defence, and a coherent philosophical basis for the defence is lacking. I argue that a volitional element should be added to the insanity defence in England and Wales such that a person may be exculpated on the basis of a mental disorder which sufficiently causes any of (1) defects of reason; (2) deficits in knowledge; (3) a lack of control; and (4) their ability to form intentions in crimes of intent, although the threshold should remain high. Reasons-responsive accounts of moral responsibility underpin many of these abilities. The extent to which mental disorder, particularly delusions, are considered a type of manipulation, rather than part of the self, is likely to be contributing to intuitions about exculpation although not all delusions will cause impairments or manipulation to the same extent. Amending the insanity defence in this way would be more just, more philosophically coherent and allow a more consistent approach for those with mental disorders who are charged with criminal offences.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collagen fibers as an indicator of postmortem interval in non-gravid uterus, prostate, and skeletal muscles of adult albino rats. 胶原纤维在成年白化大鼠非妊娠子宫、前列腺和骨骼肌中作为死后时间的指标。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348721

Nermin Nabil Fayed, Nadia A Kotb, Samaa Samir Kamar, Doaa Tawfik

{"title":"Collagen fibers as an indicator of postmortem interval in non-gravid uterus, prostate, and skeletal muscles of adult albino rats.","authors":"Nermin Nabil Fayed, Nadia A Kotb, Samaa Samir Kamar, Doaa Tawfik","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348721","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348721","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of postmortem interval (PMI) is a fundamental aspect of forensic medicine, aiding in the reconstruction of the time of death in medico-legal investigations. The present study aims to compare gender-based postmortem changes and investigates the role of collagen fibers as a potential indicator of PMI in albino rats. Eighteen male and nine female adult albino rats were examined. Three prostates, three uterine horns, and the quadriceps muscle of the hind limb of each animal were collected at six time points (0, 6, 24, 36, 48, and 144 h postmortem) after scarifying rats by neck dislocation. Morphological analysis revealed progressive softening of the organs with darker discoloration with increasing PMI. Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining showed cellular degradation up to 48 h PM. Masson's trichrome staining highlighted the persistence of collagen fibers up to 144 h. Notably, male prostates exhibited greater resistance to postmortem degradation compared to female uteri, suggesting that potential sex identification by gonads is possible up to 48 h PM.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variable topography of black oesophagus (acute necrotising oesophagitis). 食管黑色的可变地形（急性坏死性食管炎）。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350778

John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Acute drug toxicity as a risk factor for lethal deep venous thrombosis. 急性药物毒性是致死性深静脉血栓形成的危险因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251349267

Roger W Byard, John D Gilbert

引用次数: 0

Causes of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival adult cases in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚到达时死亡成人病例的死亡原因和社会人口预测因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348714

Nadiya Beyan Hassen, Alemayehu Shiferaw Lema, Haimanot Tessema Bogale, Esubalew Gobignew Admasu, Miressa Belay Oljira

{"title":"Causes of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival adult cases in Ethiopia.","authors":"Nadiya Beyan Hassen, Alemayehu Shiferaw Lema, Haimanot Tessema Bogale, Esubalew Gobignew Admasu, Miressa Belay Oljira","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348714","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251348714","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the cause of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival cases brought for autopsy, a cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 422 dead-on-arrival cases brought for an autopsy to a tertiary center in Ethiopia were reviewed. Descriptive and analytic analysis were used, and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and the cause of death. The study found that dead-on-arrival cases accounted for 32.5% of all autopsied cases. The mean age was 38.9 ± 15.6 years and ranged from 15 to 90. Approximately two-thirds of the cases were in the 15 to 44 age range. Male victims accounted for more than two-thirds of the cases, and 82.9% of the victims were urban residents. The cause of death could not be determined in 6.6% of cases. Unnatural deaths were the leading causes, followed by communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. Pneumonia and coronary artery disease were the leading specific causes of death. Residence and age were found to be associated with unnatural deaths. Urban residents had higher odds of dying due to communicable diseases compared to rural residents. Additionally, younger individuals aged 15-29 years had lower odds of dying due to non-communicable diseases compared to those older than 75 years. In conclusion, the high number of brought-in dead cases in Ethiopia, particularly among the younger population, is a concerning issue that requires immediate attention. Unnatural deaths were predominant, highlighting the need for improved safety measures and emergency medical services.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0