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Fatal hyperthermia among children in school buses: Analysis of 47 cases in China. 校车内儿童致命的高热惊厥：中国 47 例病例分析。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231183505
Tianying Sun, Lijun Ge, Meichen Pan, Kang Wang, Weiwei Zhu, Hongmei Dong
{"title":"Fatal hyperthermia among children in school buses: Analysis of 47 cases in China.","authors":"Tianying Sun, Lijun Ge, Meichen Pan, Kang Wang, Weiwei Zhu, Hongmei Dong","doi":"10.1177/00258024231183505","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231183505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The school bus is an important mode of transportation for school-age children, and safety-related issues are always the focus of public concern. Fatal hyperthermia occurring in school buses is an uncommon type of school bus-related injury. An internet search using Chinese internet search engines based on various combinations of keywords including 'vehicles', 'school bus', 'children or babies', 'hyperthermia or heat stroke' and 'death' was performed. Forty-seven cases of fatal hyperthermia in children which occurred in school buses were retrieved in the study. High ambient temperature, younger age and poor management were identified as risk factors. There is a lack of consensus regarding the legal nature and liability for fatal hyperthermia occurring in school buses. Pre-employment education should be focused on awareness of the dangers of leaving children alone in a school bus. Most importantly, the relevant legislation and regulations on school buses should be implemented. An internal alarm-raising system is recommended to avoid this kind of tragedy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"121-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9717841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Procedural justice and forensic mental health: An introduction and future directions. 程序正义与法医心理健康：导论和未来方向。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231206865
Jack Tomlin, Sarah Markham, Ciska Wittouck, Alexander Simpson
{"title":"Procedural justice and forensic mental health: An introduction and future directions.","authors":"Jack Tomlin, Sarah Markham, Ciska Wittouck, Alexander Simpson","doi":"10.1177/00258024231206865","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231206865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article advocates for integrating procedural justice principles into forensic mental health services to enhance patient engagement and autonomy. Procedural justice, broadly defined as fair decision-making processes, is introduced and key principles including voice, neutrality, respect and trustworthiness are described. Evidence suggestive of positive outcomes following procedural justice experiences, such as improved satisfaction, collaboration and reduced perceptions of coercion is outlined. Practical applications are suggested, including staff training and reflective practices using procedural justice principles. The article then calls for further research to explore patients' and staff members' experiences of procedural justice in forensic settings, develop measurement tools, undertake intervention studies and establish causal links between procedural justice and outcomes important for forensic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10938488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41236706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fatal gunshot trauma of a child: A case from colonial Cyprus. 一名儿童的致命枪伤：来自殖民地塞浦路斯的一个案例。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231202563
Constantine Eliopoulos, Konstantinos Moraitis, Matteo Borrini, Joel Irish, Xenophon Kallis, Panayiotis Manoli, Marios Chimonas, Marios Cariolou
{"title":"Fatal gunshot trauma of a child: A case from colonial Cyprus.","authors":"Constantine Eliopoulos, Konstantinos Moraitis, Matteo Borrini, Joel Irish, Xenophon Kallis, Panayiotis Manoli, Marios Chimonas, Marios Cariolou","doi":"10.1177/00258024231202563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231202563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic science has made some significant contributions to the investigation of human rights abuses related to armed conflicts, especially in the last 40 years. Some investigations are aimed at the collection of evidence in order to prosecute those responsible, while others are humanitarian in nature. This paper presents the multidisciplinary effort to recover and identify the remains of a 7-year-old child who was shot by British colonial forces in Cyprus in 1956. An investigation led to the discovery of the burial site, and archaeological methods were used to recover the remains. The anthropological examination provided information about the age of the child, as well as the nature of the skeletal trauma present. DNA results confirmed the identity of the victim, and the remains were released to the surviving family members for burial.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"169-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10938475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41100322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics of acid attacks involving children in India. 印度涉及儿童的酸液攻击事件的特点。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182351
Navpreet Kaur, Roger W Byard
{"title":"Characteristics of acid attacks involving children in India.","authors":"Navpreet Kaur, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182351","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To examine the characteristics of acid attack survivors who were aged ≤16 years at the time of the assault. <b>Methods:</b> Case files from the Chhanv and the Laxmi Foundations in India were accessioned for cases of acid attacks involving children and adolescents (≤16 years). Details of the age, sex, reason for the attack, injuries sustained and possible outcomes were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Ten cases were identified that involved eight girls (aged 3-16 years) and two boys (12 and 14 years). The head and neck were the primary targets in all cases. The primary reasons for the attacks involving adolescent girls were punishment for refusing sexual advances from older males and family violence/child abuse. The two male victims were assaulted as part of property dispute and gang violence. Penalties varied greatly with prison sentences (when handed down) ranging from <1 year to 10 years. <b>Conclusion:</b> The number of cases of paediatric acid attacks appear small, with motivations for the attacks including responses to spurned sexual advances, domestic violence/child abuse, criminal gang activities and ostensibly at random. Nongovernment organisations are vital in the rehabilitation of victims. It is of concern that dissemination on social networks and publicity through the media may lead to an increase in number of cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9617717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ChatGPT: Forensic, legal, and ethical issues. ChatGPT：法医、法律和伦理问题。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231191829
Ankita Guleria, Kewal Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Tanuj Kanchan
{"title":"ChatGPT: Forensic, legal, and ethical issues.","authors":"Ankita Guleria, Kewal Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231191829","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231191829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a group of technologies that enable people to perform a variety of activities, including observing, comprehending, analysing and translating data, among other things. Nowadays, practically every school of thought is interested in AI. One such innovation, a chatbot by the name of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), launched by OpenAI recently, has taken the internet by storm. It had one million users within 1 week of its launch. The present communication explores the practicability and versatility of the ChatGPT in forensic examinations and scenarios, and also addresses the ethical and legal issues surrounding its usage. The observations suggest that the said technology, in its current form, has limited relevance in the realm of forensic science and the law. Only human critical thinking, expertise, and practical experience can provide the information and competencies needed in the realms of forensics, research, clinical and legal practices. Thus, the ChatGPT should be used with utmost caution in the disciplines of medicine, forensic science and the law, irrespective of its many positive attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"150-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Co-location of specialized mental health services in an intimate partner violence advocacy organization. 在亲密伴侣暴力倡导组织内设立专门的心理健康服务机构。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231195496
Obianuju O Berry, Phyllis Kaufman, Marina Weiss, Elizabeth Fitelson, Catherine Monk
{"title":"Co-location of specialized mental health services in an intimate partner violence advocacy organization.","authors":"Obianuju O Berry, Phyllis Kaufman, Marina Weiss, Elizabeth Fitelson, Catherine Monk","doi":"10.1177/00258024231195496","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231195496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, services for intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors predominantly focused on advocacy, resulting in service gaps for IPV survivors who need mental health care. When mental health services are offered, there are several barriers that limit treatment engagement. To address these gaps, a novel, integrated care model, comprised of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers were embedded into the five New York City (NYC) Family Justice Centers (FJCs), to provide free co-located mental health care to adult survivors of IPV alongside the existing advocacy, social, and legal services. This article reports on the evaluation of the Health + Hospitals Family Justice Center Mental Health Program (FJCMHP) via: (i) seven focus groups with FJC clients and staff and Health + Hospitals (H+H) clinicians; and (ii) de-identified online surveys completed by 53 FJC clients and 130 FJC staff. Clients reported increased access to care, with 67.2% seeing a mental health clinician within two weeks of a request, and improvement in symptom relief, including sleep, mood, irritability, reduction in thoughts of self-harm, improved relationships with others, especially their children, and improved self-efficacy in parenting skills. Additionally, FJC staff reported satisfaction with the FJCMHP model, and increased understanding of clients' mental health needs. The evaluation results highlight the feasibility and tolerability of integrated mental health services in a non-medical setting. The evaluation also identifies areas for improvement, as well as the strengths of an integrated, multidisciplinary mental health service program for IPV survivors co-located in a non-medical, advocacy setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"138-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10041391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applicability of the Suchey-Brooks method for age estimation in an Indian population: A computed tomography-based exploration using Bayesian analysis and machine learning. Suchey-Brooks 年龄估计方法在印度人口中的适用性：利用贝叶斯分析和机器学习进行的基于计算机断层扫描的探索。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231188799
Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan
{"title":"Applicability of the Suchey-Brooks method for age estimation in an Indian population: A computed tomography-based exploration using Bayesian analysis and machine learning.","authors":"Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231188799","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231188799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age estimation occupies a prominent niche in the identification process. In cases where skeletal remains present for examination, age is often estimated from markers distributed throughout the skeletal framework. Within the pelvis, the pubic symphysis constitutes one of the more commonly utilized skeletal markers for age estimation, with the Suchey-Brooks method comprising one of the more commonly employed methods for pubic symphyseal age estimation. The present study was targeted towards assessing the applicability of the Suchey-Brooks method for pubic symphyseal age estimation, an aspect largely unreported for an Indian population. In order to do so, clinically undertaken pelvic computed tomography scans of individuals were evaluated using the Suchey-Brooks method, and the error associated with the method was established using Bayesian analysis and different machine learning regression models. Amongst different supervised machine learning models, support vector regression and random forest furnished lowest error computations in both sexes. Using both Bayesian analysis and machine learning, lower error computations were observed in females, suggesting that the method demonstrates greater applicability for this sex. Inaccuracy and root mean square error obtained with Bayesian analysis and machine learning illustrates that both statistical modalities furnish comparable error computations for pubic symphyseal age estimation using the Suchey-Brooks method. However, given the numerous advantages associated with machine learning, it is recommended to use the same within medicolegal settings. Error computations obtained with the Suchey-Brooks method, regardless of the statistical modality utilized, indicate that the method should be used in amalgamation with additional markers to garner accurate estimates of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"126-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10247878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increased incidence of mixed drug toxicity deaths involving tapentadol - A forensic study. 涉及他喷他多的混合药物中毒死亡病例增加--一项法医研究。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231183504
Lilli Stephenson, Corinna van den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Timothy Scott, Roger W Byard
{"title":"Increased incidence of mixed drug toxicity deaths involving tapentadol - A forensic study.","authors":"Lilli Stephenson, Corinna van den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Timothy Scott, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024231183504","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231183504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tapentadol is a relatively new synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain. While tapentadol has been shown to be more effective than traditional opioid analgesics, it still carries the risk of addiction, abuse, and misuse. In Australia, tapentadol has become one of the top five most commonly prescribed opioid drugs, with prescriptions increasing by approximately 150,000 each year since it first became available. The rapid increase in tapentadol prescriptions has occurred in parallel to an increasing number of post-mortem tapentadol detections in South Australia (SA). While the number of deaths in SA related to tapentadol use was low in the current study, findings suggest that an increasing trend of deaths involving tapentadol will continue in parallel to a rapidly increasing number of prescriptions, mirroring trends associated with traditional opioids in SA. As a comparatively new opioid analgesic, monitoring future trends will be important to determine if additional prescribing education, intervention, or restrictions are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Narabali: A rare case of human sacrifice. 纳拉巴利：罕见的人祭案例。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231173347
Harshwardhan Khushalrao Khartade, Shikha Shrivastava, Priyanka Kumarsen Meshram, Vikas Meshram, Ponnambily Ponnappan
{"title":"Narabali: A rare case of human sacrifice.","authors":"Harshwardhan Khushalrao Khartade, Shikha Shrivastava, Priyanka Kumarsen Meshram, Vikas Meshram, Ponnambily Ponnappan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231173347","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231173347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With modern civilization and the rise in literacy, cases of human sacrifice are rarely encountered by forensic practitioners. Human sacrifice, also called 'Narabali' in India, involves an act of deliberately killing an individual due to ritualistic beliefs for the appeasement of the Gods, spirits, or ancestors. Human sacrifice and ritual murder are often considered synonymous, but ritual murder further involves offering the body part to the deity after killing. Diverse methods were historically adopted for human sacrifice across the globe, strongly influenced by their superstitious, religious, and cultural beliefs. Cases of human sacrifice mostly involve children. We report the rare case of human sacrifice involving an adult victim assaulted by a sharp weapon over the posterior aspect of the neck. The deceased succumbed due to the transection of the cervical spine and corresponding spinal cord. Corroboration of circumstances of death and profiles of the deceased and the perpetrator with autopsy findings were essential in the investigation. This case report discusses extreme superstitions and beliefs, resulting in homicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the asylum system. 庇护系统中的人工智能（AI）。
IF 1.5 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227721
Amina Memon, Zoe Given-Wilson, Derya Ozkul, Karen McGregor Richmond, Julia Muraszkiewicz, Ella Weldon, Cornelius Katona
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the asylum system.","authors":"Amina Memon, Zoe Given-Wilson, Derya Ozkul, Karen McGregor Richmond, Julia Muraszkiewicz, Ella Weldon, Cornelius Katona","doi":"10.1177/00258024241227721","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241227721","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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