Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第8页

Parricide and homicide NGRI offenders: How do they differ? 弒親和殺人的 NGRI 罪犯：他们有何不同？

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286743

Maria Markopoulou, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Athanasios Avramidis, Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Konstantinos Tasios, Christina Vlachvei, Pavlos Pavlidis, Athanasios Douzenis

{"title":"Parricide and homicide NGRI offenders: How do they differ?","authors":"Maria Markopoulou, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Athanasios Avramidis, Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Konstantinos Tasios, Christina Vlachvei, Pavlos Pavlidis, Athanasios Douzenis","doi":"10.1177/00258024241286743","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241286743","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to provide a forensic psychiatric characterization of perpetrators of parricide who were found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). We conducted a study involving 52 NGRI patients who had committed homicide or attempted homicide within the Department of Forensic Psychiatry in Thessaloniki, Greece, between January 2015 and 2020. Subjects were categorized into two groups: parricide (n = 21) and a control group (n = 31). Our findings revealed that in the parricide group, the majority of patients were unmarried males in their thirties, with a history of prior contact with mental health services and nonadherence to treatment. Additionally, they had a background of substance abuse and exhibited violent behavior before the index crime. A notable trend observed among parricide offenders was the tendency to seek hospitalization, possibly as a means of distancing themselves from stressful family environments, based on information obtained in the interviews conducted as a part of this research. All instances of parricide involved the use of sharp weapons, and the crimes were consistently committed in private settings. Symptomatology among parricide patients was assessed as moderate to severe, with a significant long-term risk observed following the crime. The primary differences identified between the two groups were the higher pre-crime voluntary admissions and the elevated estimated postcrime risk observed in the parricide group. Early intervention, comprehensive assessment of risk factors, family support, and assistance in resolving conflicts and reintegrating patients into society are emphasized as critical interventions that can potentially prevent future tragedies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the accuracy of Nolla, Cameriere-European, and Blenkin-Evans methods for dental age estimation of Turkish children. 评估Nolla、Cameriere-European和Blenkin-Evans方法对土耳其儿童牙齿年龄估计的准确性。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251365371

Burak Çarıkçıoğlu, Berkant Sezer

{"title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of Nolla, Cameriere-European, and Blenkin-Evans methods for dental age estimation of Turkish children.","authors":"Burak Çarıkçıoğlu, Berkant Sezer","doi":"10.1177/00258024251365371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251365371","url":null,"abstract":"Dental age (DA) estimation plays a crucial role in forensic investigations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment planning. It is considered more reliable than skeletal methods due to the predictable nature of dental development. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three DA estimation methods-Nolla method, Cameriere-European formula, and Blenkin-Evans method-in Turkish children aged 6-14 years. A total of 1014 panoramic radiographs were analyzed. DA was estimated using the three methods and compared with chronological age (CA). Accuracy was assessed based on mean absolute error (MAE), mean difference (DA-CA), and correlation coefficients. Statistical analyses were performed to determine significant differences among methods. The Cameriere-European formula demonstrated the lowest MAE (0.44 for boys, 0.48 for girls, and 0.46 for all samples), indicating the highest accuracy, followed by the Blenkin-Evans (0.54 for boys, 0.53 for girls, and 0.54 for all samples) and Nolla (0.57 for boys, 0.65 for girls, and 0.61 for all samples) methods. However, the Cameriere-European formula slightly underestimated CA, particularly in older children. The Blenkin-Evans method showed relatively stable accuracy but overestimated CA in both sexes. The Nolla method generally underestimated CA, except in boys, where it slightly overestimated age. All three methods exhibited strong correlations with CA (Spearman rho correlation coefficients ranging from 0.953 to 0.970, all p < .001). The Cameriere-European formula provided the most accurate DA estimation method, followed by the Blenkin-Evans and Nolla methods for Turkish children from the Northwestern Anatolia. However, the observed biases highlight the need for population-specific calibrations.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251365371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causes of death among people living in prison in Greece: A 9-year retrospective study (2010-2018) at the national prison hospital. 希腊监狱生活人员的死亡原因：一项在国家监狱医院进行的9年回顾性研究（2010-2018年）。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363671

Sofia Boundi, Sotirios Roussos, Vana Sypsa

{"title":"Causes of death among people living in prison in Greece: A 9-year retrospective study (2010-2018) at the national prison hospital.","authors":"Sofia Boundi, Sotirios Roussos, Vana Sypsa","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251363671","url":null,"abstract":"People living in prisons have higher mortality rates compared to the general population. We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths recorded between 2010 and 2018 at the sole prison hospital in Greece (Korydallos Prison Special Health Centre for men) to assess the causes of death overall and by type of offence (drug-related or other), sociodemographic characteristics by cause of death, and mortality trends over time. Permission to access forensic reports and criminal files was obtained from the relevant authorities. Deaths were categorized as either non-natural (drug overdose, suicide, and homicide) or natural (cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others). Between 2010 and 2018, 236 deaths were reported; 80.9% were natural deaths, and 19.1% were non-natural deaths. The primary causes of death were circulatory disease (34.7%), cancer (17.8%), suicide (10.2%), respiratory disease (8.9%), and overdose (6.4%). Suicide and overdose accounted for 53.3% and 33.3% of non-natural deaths, respectively. The mean (SD) age at death was 52.4 (16.2) years, with individuals experiencing non-natural deaths being significantly younger than those experiencing natural deaths [39.1 (10.5) vs. 55.5 (15.7), p < 0.001]. Among individuals incarcerated for drug-related offences, 23.8% died from non-natural causes, with drug overdose accounting for 60% of non-natural deaths. A significant peak in mortality was observed in 2013. This study emphasizes the need to closely monitor mortality rates, including drug-related fatalities, to implement suicide prevention training as well as measures to prevent deaths by overdose, including comprehensive harm reduction strategies, overdose education, and naloxone training.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251363671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of predictability, preventability and causation of mental health homicides in England 2010 - 2023. 2010 - 2023年英国心理健康杀人案的可预测性、可预防性和因果性判断。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363094

Mayura Deshpande, Julia Ma Sinclair, David S Baldwin

{"title":"Judgments of predictability, preventability and causation of mental health homicides in England 2010 - 2023.","authors":"Mayura Deshpande, Julia Ma Sinclair, David S Baldwin","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251363094","url":null,"abstract":"Independent mental health homicide inquiries in England are required to comment on predictability and preventability and attribute causation. National commissioning bodies do not provide definitions. This study examines how predictability and preventability were determined, and causality attributed, by independent mental health homicide inquiries published in England between 2010 and 2023. The conceptual underpinnings of predictability and preventability in other specialities of medicine, and in suicide and homicide assessments in psychiatry are examined. We found 189 independent reports relating to mental health homicides, of which 162 independent homicide inquiries were included in the final analysis. No inquiry described how it attributed causation or addressed cognitive biases. A total of 130 of the 162 inquiries (80%) commented on either predictability or preventability: of these, only eight (6%) included a clear definition of predictability and preventability. Homicides were deemed predictable if the inquiry panel felt that the perpetrator's words or actions should have alerted professionals to a risk of significant violence; and preventable if the clinical team had knowledge, legal means, and opportunity to stop the homicide from occurring. 105 inquiries (81%) provided a firm view on both predictability and preventability. Of these, four homicides (4%) were deemed to be both predictable and preventable, ten (9%) were preventable but not predictable, five (5%) were predictable but not preventable, and 86 (82%) were neither predictable nor preventable. The implications of these findings are discussed, with recommendations to national commissioning bodies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251363094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the factors contributing to a severe injury in a domestic staircase accident. 探讨在家庭楼梯事故中造成严重伤害的因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251362543

Takumi Minamiyama, Hiroshi Ikegaya

{"title":"Exploring the factors contributing to a severe injury in a domestic staircase accident.","authors":"Takumi Minamiyama, Hiroshi Ikegaya","doi":"10.1177/00258024251362543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251362543","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of fatal staircase accidents in Japanese households has remained consistent for several decades, with staircase dimension regulations seeing minimal revisions since their inception. Studies concurrently investigating the influence of staircase factors and user factors on staircase accidents, particularly in terms of severity, are lacking. This study examined how these factors influence the severity of accidents by means of an Internet-based questionnaire survey. A private company was tasked with conducting the survey, and logistic regression analysis, encompassing both staircase and user factors, was performed on 165 individuals in the mild injury group and 129 in the severe injury group from a pool of 6945 responses. The odds ratio (OR) of the severe injury group to the mild injury group was assessed. For staircase factors, the OR of severe injury was 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.79) for straight stairs, with increased OR observed with a higher number of steps and wider staircases. Regarding user factors, the OR was 3.80 (95% CI: 1.29-11.14) for individuals with visual disturbance, with the OR escalating with age. This study suggests that in Japan, among the legally defined factors for stairways, limiting the installation of straight stairways and setting limits on stairway width can reduce the impact on the severity of accidents. And, of course, it is crucial to promote the use of alternatives, especially among high-risk users.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251362543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "amount" criterion in the determination of personal possession offenses involving the four most common drugs in Türkiye's supreme court. 泰国最高法院判定个人持有涉及四种最常见毒品的犯罪的“数量”标准。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363069

Zeynep Arslan, Nisan Dogan, Zeynep Turkmen

{"title":"The \"amount\" criterion in the determination of personal possession offenses involving the four most common drugs in Türkiye's supreme court.","authors":"Zeynep Arslan, Nisan Dogan, Zeynep Turkmen","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251363069","url":null,"abstract":"The possession and trafficking of drug substances is one of the major public health problems. When examining court records of drug offenses, it is often found that the dealer may claim to be a user in order to avoid punishment. Of course, it is essential to determine whether the crime is drug trafficking or personal possession.The role of the courts in determining the purpose of possession is quite complex, as it requires an understanding of the offender's intent. This situation shows us that two articles in Turkish law (TPC No. 5237, Articles 188 and 191) could not be drawn with clear lines. Although there are many factors that cause this unclarity, the most complex one is the amount of substance recovered, i.e., the threshold value. This threshold terminology is a situation of great importance, given the increase in the types of illegal substances in today's world. In this study, we examined the verdicts (805 files) on the four main classical illicit substances commonly found in Turkish courts between 2016 and 2023 to determine the conditions that play an important role in determining the intention to supply drugs based on judicial principles.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251363069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The crux of decisions about who requires high-security care: A systematic analysis of referrals to the State Hospital. 决定谁需要高度安全护理的关键：对转介到州立医院的系统分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251362542

Lindsey Gilling, Duncan Alcock, Lindsay Thomson

{"title":"The crux of decisions about who requires high-security care: A systematic analysis of referrals to the State Hospital.","authors":"Lindsey Gilling, Duncan Alcock, Lindsay Thomson","doi":"10.1177/00258024251362542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251362542","url":null,"abstract":"There has been limited study to date into the specific patient factors that influence decisions about an individual's need for high-security psychiatric care. Admission to high-security services requires careful assessment and consideration to ensure patients receive the least restrictive care justified, and those who are most likely to benefit from it are admitted. This retrospective case-control study describes the demographic, clinical and risk characteristics of referrals made to the State Hospital in Scotland during a 12-month period, and delineates differences between referrals that were accepted and rejected for admission. It updates the methods of a previous study undertaken at the State Hospital. Six variables differentiated rejected and accepted referrals in univariate analyses. Multivariate logistic regression found that a model with only the individual's age, whether they were prescribed antipsychotic medication at the time of referral, and whether they had a history of violent convictions, best predicted referral outcome. The findings support the conclusion that it is not only an individual's risk of violence or the severity of their mental illness in isolation, but the combination of these factors that is deemed to necessitate high-security care within a stratified forensic mental health system.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251362542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022. 英国诺福克和诺威奇大学医院在引入法医服务前后向皇家验尸官发出通知的性质和结果的变化：2018 年与 2022 年。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241260573

Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake

{"title":"Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022.","authors":"Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake","doi":"10.1177/00258024241260573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241260573","url":null,"abstract":"A medical examiner (ME) system was introduced to England and Wales in 2019 intended to ensure appropriate notification of cases to HM Coroner (HMC). The aim of the study is to determine and compare: (a) the nature of notifications to HMC for Norfolk from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) in 2018 compared with 2022; (b) to determine the outcome of those notifications and (c) to establish patterns of change in the number and nature of such notifications. HMC and ME datasets were interrogated to determine differences between notifications to HMC and outcomes in 2018 compared with 2022. From deaths at NNUH (2018 - n = 2605; 2022 - n = 2969), there were significantly fewer HMC notifications in 2022 compared with 2018 (25.3% vs. 17.6%). A decrease in notifications was noted for persons undergoing any 'treatment or procedure of a medical or similar nature' (24.0% vs. 16.2%) p < 0.0014. An increase in notifications was noted for neglect, including self-neglect (3.3% vs. 12.2%) p < 0.001. Of the coronial outcomes, there were significant increases in the numbers of post-mortem (PM) examinations (29.3% vs. 35.5%) p = 0.0276 and inquests (26.0% vs. 31.4%) p = 0.0485). There was a significant decrease in no further action by HMC (5.7 vs. 2.3) p = 0.0485. The study shows that the introduction of the medical examiner service has resulted in significant change in the nature of HMC notification categories. The notifications appear to be more appropriate, with an increased proportion of inquests and PM examinations and with a reduction in 100 A or 'no further action' outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths. 用于检测小儿败血症死亡病例肠梗阻的尸检 CT 和 MRI。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274912

Mária Marosi, Guillaume Gorincour, Lucile Tuchtan-Torrents, Michael J Thali, Dominic Gascho

引用次数: 0

Forensic considerations in nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism: A case report and review. 非血栓性肺栓塞的法医考虑：一个病例报告和回顾。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316244

Tasmyn H Lynch, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0