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Suicide prevention measures for individuals in their 10s and 20s are rapidly important in Japan, the USA, and South Korea: Devising specific prevention measures common to these countries. 在日本、美国和韩国，针对10多岁和20多岁的年轻人的自杀预防措施迅速变得重要起来：制定针对这些国家的具体预防措施。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261446398
Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Kyoko Hirabayashi, Yuri Murayama, Satomi Kameo, Haruo Takeshita, Noriyuki Kawano, Tatsushige Fukunaga
{"title":"Suicide prevention measures for individuals in their 10s and 20s are rapidly important in Japan, the USA, and South Korea: Devising specific prevention measures common to these countries.","authors":"Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Kyoko Hirabayashi, Yuri Murayama, Satomi Kameo, Haruo Takeshita, Noriyuki Kawano, Tatsushige Fukunaga","doi":"10.1177/00258024261446398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261446398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261446398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Avoiding judicial dissatisfaction with, and criticism of, healthcare experts. 避免对医疗保健专家的司法不满和批评。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261446489
Keith Rix
{"title":"Avoiding judicial dissatisfaction with, and criticism of, healthcare experts.","authors":"Keith Rix","doi":"10.1177/00258024261446489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261446489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sources of judicial dissatisfaction with, and criticism of, expert healthcare evidence are traced to unqualified, careless, overworked and unscrupulous experts and a failure on the part of some experts to work collaboratively with their instructing lawyers during the litigation process. The suggested remedies are: adherence to the clear professional standards that already exist, appropriate training for which the foundations should be laid during undergraduate medical education, continuing professional development, credentialing complemented by instructing solicitors and counsel ensuring that the expert is appropriate for the case and aware of their duties, collaborative working between expert and instructing lawyer, peer and institutional support and quality control including peer review of reports and case-based discussion of reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261446489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The causal relationship between insanity and offense in post-Raso Italian case law. 后拉索意大利判例法中精神错乱与犯罪的因果关系。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251362942
Emanuele Caroppo, Patrizia Baldassarre, Marianna Mazza, Thomas Bisaschi, Gianluca Monacelli, Jennifer Williams, Giuseppe Marano, Giuseppina Gabriele, Massimo Cozza
{"title":"The causal relationship between insanity and offense in post-Raso Italian case law.","authors":"Emanuele Caroppo, Patrizia Baldassarre, Marianna Mazza, Thomas Bisaschi, Gianluca Monacelli, Jennifer Williams, Giuseppe Marano, Giuseppina Gabriele, Massimo Cozza","doi":"10.1177/00258024251362942","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251362942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the development and application of Italian case law since 2005 regarding the criminal responsibility of individuals with mental disorders, focusing on the landmark decision by the Joint Chambers of the Court of Cassation in the Raso case. This ruling transformed the interpretation of mental illness in the context of criminal responsibility. The article examines the impact of this shift, identifying diagnostic ambiguities and the challenges of applying the new standards, as well as the significant increase in insanity-related acquittals and the growing use of noncustodial preventive measures. The aim is to provide a critical overview of the legal and social consequences of these decisions, offering reforms and recommendations to improve the consistency and fairness of the Italian judicial system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges and prospects for the application of skin microbiome to forensic individual identification: A narrative review. 皮肤微生物组在法医个体鉴定中应用的挑战与前景：综述。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251378811
Yuxin Pan, Yehui Lv
{"title":"Challenges and prospects for the application of skin microbiome to forensic individual identification: A narrative review.","authors":"Yuxin Pan, Yehui Lv","doi":"10.1177/00258024251378811","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251378811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiome has been at the center of a cross-section of disciplines with a wide range of applications and research methodologies, the impact of which is also reflected in forensic science. The skin microbiome is considered a \"microbial fingerprint\" due to its highly personalized characteristics and can be used for forensic individual identification. This narrative review systematically combs through the literature on skin microbiome and forensic applications, focusing on the characteristics, current applications, challenges, and future prospects of the skin microbiome in the field of forensic individual identification. It first explores host specificity, temporal stability, and marker characteristics. Then, by linking individuals with objects, individuals, and the environment, it analyzes the applications in forensic scenarios. It also introduces two commonly used main analytical techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages. With the development of technology, machine learning has gradually been applied to forensic work. However, there are still four major challenges in practical application, namely ethical, technical, database and biological challenges. In this context, we provide a standardized process through a hypothetical case and propose a multi-omics collaborative analysis framework for the first time, combining metagenomics, metabolomics, and non-omics data (such as geographical information, image records) to illustrate its enhanced effects in scenarios such as sexual assault and disaster victim identification. Overall, despite the challenges, the application of skin microbiome in forensic science is promising and is expected to play an important role in the future of forensic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"142-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medico-legal features of rifled weapons discharge fatalities in Rome (Italy) and analysis of the differences in internal bullet wound paths between suicide and homicide. 罗马（意大利）来复枪射击死亡的医学-法律特征以及自杀和他杀内部子弹伤路径的差异分析。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350785
Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Raimondo Vella, Giulia Ceccobelli, Giorgia Piizzi, Giulia Petroni, Fabio Guidato, Naomi Romaniello, Gabriele Giuga, Gian Luca Marella
{"title":"Medico-legal features of rifled weapons discharge fatalities in Rome (Italy) and analysis of the differences in internal bullet wound paths between suicide and homicide.","authors":"Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Raimondo Vella, Giulia Ceccobelli, Giorgia Piizzi, Giulia Petroni, Fabio Guidato, Naomi Romaniello, Gabriele Giuga, Gian Luca Marella","doi":"10.1177/00258024251350785","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251350785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firearm wounds reppresent a significant cause of mortality worldwide. The differentiation between suicide, homicide, and accidental incidents can be complex, particularly in the absence of clear injuries linked to third-party involvement. Autopsy characteristics of wounds are pivotal in determining the manner of death. A review of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Rome Tor Vergata's database identified 64 deaths due to rifled weapon discharge wounds, excluding accidental deaths. We recorded demographic, circumstantial, and autopsy data for homicides and suicides, with a focus on bullet intrasomatic wound paths analysis. Differences in frequencies of circumstantial data were observed, notably in the locations where victims' bodies were discovered. Autopsy findings revealed distinct anatomical wound distribution. Bullet wound paths across three anatomical planes indicated patterns associated with the manner of death. Leftward, upward, and backward pathways were unique to suicides, while frontward and rightward pathways strongly indicated homicide. Therefore, comprehensive data integration is essential for accurate forensic diagnosis, and projectile directionality alone should not be considered a definitive criterion to distinguish between suicide and homicide, as similar wound paths may arise in both contexts depending on the circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mental health care needs for the enforced disappearance and Aynaghor (House of Mirrors) survivors in Bangladesh: A recent daunting challenge. 孟加拉国强迫失踪和Aynaghor（镜子之家）幸存者的精神卫生保健需求：最近的一项艰巨挑战。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363119
S M Yasir Arafat, Mohammad Sorowar Hossain
{"title":"Mental health care needs for the enforced disappearance and Aynaghor (House of Mirrors) survivors in Bangladesh: A recent daunting challenge.","authors":"S M Yasir Arafat, Mohammad Sorowar Hossain","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251363119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"182-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of paper spray ionization mass spectrometry in forensic science: A mini review. 纸喷雾电离质谱法在法医学中的应用综述。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363088
Sachil Kumar, Tulsidas R Baggi
{"title":"Applications of paper spray ionization mass spectrometry in forensic science: A mini review.","authors":"Sachil Kumar, Tulsidas R Baggi","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363088","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251363088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paper spray ionization (PSI) has emerged as a key ambient ionization technique in microanalysis over the past decade, valued for its ease of use and minimal sample preparation. This study reviews PSI's applications in forensic science, covering areas such as biomolecules, drugs of abuse, inks, explosives, toxicology, and trace evidence. To achieve these objectives, electronic searches were performed across several databases-Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed-covering publications from 2010 through December 2023, with a focus on English-language articles. This search strategy yielded 40 relevant studies, which were reviewed to assess PSI-MS's current capabilities and advancements. The review underscores Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry's (PSI-MS) versatility, particularly its compatibility with various sampling methods like dried blood spots, which enhances its utility for rapid point-of-care (POC) analysis. This capability facilitates the efficient analysis of biochemical and forensic samples while bypassing lengthy separation procedures, marking a significant advancement in forensic analysis techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep learning-based CNN model for multiclass classification of fingerprint patterns. 基于深度学习的指纹多类分类CNN模型。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251355042
Apurav Mahajan, Damini Siwan, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ankita Guleria, Rakesh Meena, Nandini Chitara, Ayushi Srivastava, Kewal Krishan
{"title":"Deep learning-based CNN model for multiclass classification of fingerprint patterns.","authors":"Apurav Mahajan, Damini Siwan, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ankita Guleria, Rakesh Meena, Nandini Chitara, Ayushi Srivastava, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.1177/00258024251355042","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251355042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fingerprints are widely used as biometric parameters for identification purposes because of their uniqueness. Moreover, many digital devices have employed fingerprints for security purposes throughout the world. An automatic artificial intelligence-based classification system can reduce the time spent running through the database for fingerprint matching by arranging fingerprints into disjoint classes. It can also help classify fingerprints at the crime scene easily and quickly. The present study proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for the multiclass classification of fingerprint patterns (Arches, Loops, Whorls, and Composites) according to Henry's classification. The model was trained on 2000 fingerprint patterns collected from the fingers of 200 participants. The dataset was split into train, test, and validation part with the ratio of 8:1:1, respectively. The presented CNN model was evaluated by using a confusion matrix for the testing process. Training, validating, and testing the accuracy of the CNN model for classifying fingerprint datasets into four main classes were 89%, 84%, and 85.5%, respectively. This model shows its application as an aiding tool for fingerprint analysis in crime scene investigation, forensic examinations, and fingerprint research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"114-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AI in the criminal justice system: From 'AI ethics' to 'hermeneutic risk'. 刑事司法系统中的人工智能：从“人工智能伦理”到“解释性风险”。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251407531
Karen McGregor Richmond, Charlotte Primeau
{"title":"AI in the criminal justice system: From 'AI ethics' to 'hermeneutic risk'.","authors":"Karen McGregor Richmond, Charlotte Primeau","doi":"10.1177/00258024251407531","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251407531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The shape of justice: Sentencing of mentally ill defendants convicted of manslaughter. 司法的形态：对犯有过失杀人罪的精神病被告的量刑。
IF 1.7 4区 医学
Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251380965
Tim Exworthy
{"title":"The shape of justice: Sentencing of mentally ill defendants convicted of manslaughter.","authors":"Tim Exworthy","doi":"10.1177/00258024251380965","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251380965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In June 2023, a mentally ill man stabbed to death three people in the street and seriously injured three others. A plea of guilty to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility (DR) was accepted by the Crown Prosecution Service and he subsequently received a restricted hospital order (sections 37 & 41) under the Mental Health Act 1983. There has been considerable public discussion around this case. This paper sets out the background to the partial defence to murder of DR as well as the current approach to the sentencing of mentally ill defendants convicted of manslaughter. The Court of Criminal Appeal later considered a referral that the sentence had been 'unduly lenient'. The court considered the legal factors of the degree of retained responsibility and the extent to which a penal element should be reflected in the sentence. From the psychiatric perspective, the release regimes of the two options of a restricted hospital order or a hybrid order were also examined by the Court, as these related directly to protection of the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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