Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第7页

Increased incidence of mixed drug toxicity deaths involving tapentadol - A forensic study. 涉及他喷他多的混合药物中毒死亡病例增加--一项法医研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231183504

Lilli Stephenson, Corinna van den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Timothy Scott, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Suspected serial killers and unsuspected statistical blunders. 疑似连环杀手和不为人知的统计失误。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241242549

John O'Quigley

{"title":"Suspected serial killers and unsuspected statistical blunders.","authors":"John O'Quigley","doi":"10.1177/00258024241242549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241242549","url":null,"abstract":"A whole branch of theoretical statistics devotes itself to the analysis of clusters, the aim being to distinguish an apparent cluster arising randomly from one that is more likely to have been produced as a result of some systematic influence. There are many examples in medicine and some that involve both medicine and the legal field; criminal law in particular. Observed clusters or a series of cases in a given setting can set off alarm bells, the recent conviction of Lucy Letby in England being an example. It was an observed cluster, a series of deaths among neonates, that prompted the investigation of Letby. There have been other similar cases in the past and there will be similar cases in the future. Our purpose is not to reconsider any particular trial but, rather, to work with similar, indeed more extreme numbers of cases as a way to underline the statistical mistakes that can be made when attempting to make sense of the data. These notions are illustrated via a made-up case of 10 incidents where the anticipated count was only 2. The most common statistical analysis would associate a probability of less than 0.00005 with this outcome: A very rare event. However, a more careful analysis that avoids common pitfalls results in a probability close to 0.5, indicating that, given the circumstances, we were as likely to see 10 or more as we were to see less than 10.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241242549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narabali: A rare case of human sacrifice. 纳拉巴利：罕见的人祭案例。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231173347

Harshwardhan Khushalrao Khartade, Shikha Shrivastava, Priyanka Kumarsen Meshram, Vikas Meshram, Ponnambily Ponnappan

{"title":"Narabali: A rare case of human sacrifice.","authors":"Harshwardhan Khushalrao Khartade, Shikha Shrivastava, Priyanka Kumarsen Meshram, Vikas Meshram, Ponnambily Ponnappan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231173347","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231173347","url":null,"abstract":"With modern civilization and the rise in literacy, cases of human sacrifice are rarely encountered by forensic practitioners. Human sacrifice, also called 'Narabali' in India, involves an act of deliberately killing an individual due to ritualistic beliefs for the appeasement of the Gods, spirits, or ancestors. Human sacrifice and ritual murder are often considered synonymous, but ritual murder further involves offering the body part to the deity after killing. Diverse methods were historically adopted for human sacrifice across the globe, strongly influenced by their superstitious, religious, and cultural beliefs. Cases of human sacrifice mostly involve children. We report the rare case of human sacrifice involving an adult victim assaulted by a sharp weapon over the posterior aspect of the neck. The deceased succumbed due to the transection of the cervical spine and corresponding spinal cord. Corroboration of circumstances of death and profiles of the deceased and the perpetrator with autopsy findings were essential in the investigation. This case report discusses extreme superstitions and beliefs, resulting in homicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the asylum system. 庇护系统中的人工智能（AI）。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227721

Amina Memon, Zoe Given-Wilson, Derya Ozkul, Karen McGregor Richmond, Julia Muraszkiewicz, Ella Weldon, Cornelius Katona

引用次数: 0

Cable ties in forensic practice. 法医实践中的电缆扎带。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241233464

Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Navigating the legal complexities of telesurgery in China: An assessment of tort liability and the path forward. 驾驭中国远程手术的复杂法律问题：侵权责任评估与未来之路。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241229831

Jiao Xue, Sunzhe Weng

引用次数: 0

An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings. 法医精神卫生机构服务使用者满意度调查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227719

Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes

{"title":"An examination of service user satisfaction in forensic mental health settings.","authors":"Al Adiya Khan, Victoria Stirrup, Douglas MacInnes","doi":"10.1177/00258024241227719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241227719","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of service user satisfaction are viewed as a reliable indicator of a service providing good care and treatment. There has been limited research looking into levels of satisfaction in forensic mental health settings with most work focused on staff satisfaction in these settings. This study examined service users' levels of satisfaction with a forensic mental health service in the United Kingdom. The service covered two sites; one a purpose-built secure unit and the other based in an old cottage hospital. Thirty-nine in-patients completed a 60-item validated forensic satisfaction scale. The scale measured seven domains of satisfaction as well as reporting an overall satisfaction score. The results indicated the service users were reasonably satisfied with the care and treatment they received. The domains of rehabilitation, safety, staff interaction and overall care showed the highest level of satisfaction. The high rehabilitation satisfaction score demonstrated the importance of meaningful activities for users accessing forensic services and may have been influenced by the security measures on the wards. The high safety domain score indicated respondents felt safe and secure within the wards and were likely to be influenced by positive interpersonal interactions. Good staff interaction was also an important factor in helping service users feel safe on the wards. These interactions are likely to be associated with longer periods of admission in secure services allowing therapeutic relationships to develop. Financial advice/support was the one domain that recorded negative satisfaction levels. Financial literacy training may help develop money management skills.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241227719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medically assisted suicide in Italy: Recent legal developments on a controversial topic. 意大利的医疗协助自杀：一个有争议话题的最新法律进展。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182373

Rossana Cecchi, Matilde Sassani, Francesco Saverio Romolo, Alfredo Rovito, Massimo Montisci, Vittoria Masotti, Alessandra Sannella

引用次数: 0

Recidivism risk in male adult sex offenders with psychopathic traits assessed by PCL-R: A systematic review. PCL-R评估具有精神变态特征的男性成年性犯罪者的累犯风险：一项系统综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231187186

Giulia Moretti, Emma Flutti, Miriana Colanino, Danila Ferlito, Livio Amoresano, Guido Travaini

{"title":"Recidivism risk in male adult sex offenders with psychopathic traits assessed by PCL-R: A systematic review.","authors":"Giulia Moretti, Emma Flutti, Miriana Colanino, Danila Ferlito, Livio Amoresano, Guido Travaini","doi":"10.1177/00258024231187186","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231187186","url":null,"abstract":"Psychopathy has been empirically associated with various forms of antisocial behavior including sexual assault. In fact, the lack of empathy characterizing psychopathic offenders may facilitate the perpetration of more extreme violence. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between psychopathy traits in male adult sex offenders and the increase in recidivism risk for any type of reoffence, with a special focus on sexual recidivism. From an initial sample of 757 articles related to the topic, only 14 were selected from the current literature at the end of the inclusion process. Each of these assessed the relation between psychopathy traits (measured by PCL-R) and recidivism risk in male sex offenders (age > 18), providing an effect size (quantitative findings). The results of their analysis agree with the currently available literature: the presence of psychopathic traits in sex offenders would seem to correlate with an increased risk of recidivism of general but non-sexual. Furthermore, almost half of the included works highlighted a positive relationship between psychopathy and violent reoffences. However, the limited availability of studies and the unevenness in their results indicate the need to expand future research in this direction.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9865722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age estimation in the combined long bones and ribs by histomorphometry: Past, present, and future. 用组织形态测量法估计长骨和肋骨的年龄:过去、现在和未来。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231208280

Treerat Gumpangseth, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Age estimation in the combined long bones and ribs by histomorphometry: Past, present, and future.","authors":"Treerat Gumpangseth, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024231208280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231208280","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous age estimation methods in unidentified bone have been a long time developing for application in forensic anthropology. The histomorphometric technique is one of the alternative methods that relied upon the evaluation of the cortical bone microstructure over the lifespan as a result of the remodeling process in bone. Remodeling is a sophisticated event occurring from the coupled function of bone formation and resorption cells for maintaining mineral homeostasis and repairment of microdamage in bone tissue. Products derived from remodeling are primary changes in the osteon or haversian system in various regions in the cortical bone, including periosteum, endosteum, and trabecular bone. Throughout life, bone remodeling rate with osteon alteration can be predictable. In the forensic field, histological methods are getting more attention due to the unavailability of macroscopic methods. Histomorphometry approach can be accomplished in fragmentary or incomplete bone remains indicating the limited use of gross morphological methods. In addition, the microscopic methods can aid to increase the more accuracy of analyses and diminish the biased subjective assessment for determining age. Most histomorphometry method utilizes a cross-section of the midshaft of the long bones including the mandible, rib, and clavicle. This review provides the basic knowledge of bone biology and anatomy, several age-estimating methods of histology, and crucial factors for age methods. Studies regarding overall age determination methods from the past until now contribute to obtaining more benefits for developing methods of histomorphometry using human bone in forensic identification.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"52-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50158314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0