Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第7页

Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications. 埃及的自拍事故与犯罪：全面探讨医学法律意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257100

MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul

{"title":"Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications.","authors":"MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241257100","url":null,"abstract":"Selfies are self-surveillance images or videos captured by individuals using digital cameras that, in the attempt to obtain content, may lead to selfie-related injuries or deaths. Criminal selfies refer to offenders who take selfies with their victim(s) during crimes. Globally, both phenomena are underestimated due to deficient official data and the social nature of these incidents. This pioneering media-based retrospective study on selfie-related trauma aims to offset the literature deficit on this topic in Egypt, as an Arabic-speaking country, and extend the global understanding beyond the Western context. We utilised the Egyptian newspaper articles published between January 2014 and May 2023. We identified 25 reports of selfie-related accidents that resulted in 29 casualties with an 82.8% fatality rate. Male victims outnumbered female victims and the mean age was 21.8 years, with most victims aged in their twenties. Regarding the causes of selfie-related deaths, drowning in the Nile ranked first (43.4%) followed by falling from a height (26%). Unless suicide was suspected (n = 1), the remaining cases were considered accidental. We also found four reported criminal selfies that were associated with intimate partner violence. Three of these offenders were male, of which two had a history of drug addiction. In contrast to selfie cases, only one offender belonged to the second decade age group. Overall, selfie-related deaths were infrequent, with an average of three incidents per year. In conclusion, audio-visual communication has altered the modus operandi of crimes, so the digital media analysis should supplement the criminological and medicolegal processes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241257100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crime-scene and offender characteristics in conventional and nonconventional stranger homicides committed by male offenders in Sweden. 瑞典男性罪犯在常规和非常规陌生人凶杀案中的犯罪现场和罪犯特征。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241255779

Sara Rodre, Joakim Sturup, Thomas Masterman

{"title":"Crime-scene and offender characteristics in conventional and nonconventional stranger homicides committed by male offenders in Sweden.","authors":"Sara Rodre, Joakim Sturup, Thomas Masterman","doi":"10.1177/00258024241255779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241255779","url":null,"abstract":"In Sweden, from 1990 to 2013, most homicides occurred between family members, friends or acquaintances: the annual rate of incidents between unacquainted offenders and victims ranged between 8% and 13%. In the majority of these \"stranger homicides,\" three common motives, as defined by the precipitating event, could be identified: homicides resulting from a spontaneous altercation; homicides committed in the context of a robbery or burglary; and homicides committed in the context of a gangland conflict. The remaining minority-with uncommon or indiscernible motives-could, nonetheless, be categorized according to their nonconventional distinguishing feature: homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior; homicides committed in the context of a hate offense or politically motivated offense; homicides committed in the context of a sexual offense; and homicides committed in the context of a mass killing or series of homicides. In this registry-based study of 224 incidents, \"conventional\" stranger homicides, defined by their commonplace motive, were compared with \"nonconventional\" stranger homicides, defined by their lack of such motive. The former were more often committed with an accomplice, against a male victim, whereas the latter were more often committed in a public place, after contact initiated by the offender. In the latter, offenders were less often intoxicated at the time of the offense and more often adjudged to suffer from a severe mental disorder. The subcategory of nonconventional stranger homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior corresponded largely to both the archetypal stranger-homicide construct and the popular notion \"act of madness.\"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241255779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them? 土耳其从高处坠落的妇女--拉丁美洲模式的协议能帮助她们吗？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257104

Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal

{"title":"Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them?","authors":"Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241257104","url":null,"abstract":"It is not always possible to determine the exact origin of death in cases of suspicious female deaths. Deaths resulting from falls present many challenges in forensic medicine. In order to overcome these difficulties, we screened the approaches to suspicious female deaths from international documents aimed at preventing violence against women worldwide, and we conclude that the Latin American Model Protocol (LAMP) is the most qualified one in addressing this issue. We have converted the LAMP into a checklist, compared it with the circumstances in the cases we present, and evaluated the potential benefits that LAMP could provide. The study examines three cases of women from Turkey who have died by falling from a height. In all cases, the women's partners were present with them at the time of incident. In all these three cases, partners were in a legally suspicious position and claimed that the incident was a suicide. The investigation and trial processes were different in all three cases, and various difficulties were encountered during the establishment of the truth. This study has demonstrated that, despite the actual occurrence of femicide, the use of the investigation steps proposed by LAMP and a comprehensive approach utilizing the scientific methods of forensic medicine, law, and other disciplines that can assist in analyzing the incident during the investigation process can help reveal the cases where defendants claim cases are suicide despite cases being a femicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241257104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Gender competent public law and policies by Marko Kostić and Svetislav Kostić 书评：Marko Kostić 和 Svetislav Kostić 所著《促进两性平等的公共法律和政策

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241254271

Aulia Riski, Syahriyati, Fadhilah Mahanani Saputri, M. R. Wiryawan, P. N. Sari, Arina Mufrihah, Mohammad Ilham Santoso

引用次数: 0

The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders 卡塔尔首个法医社区小组在减少精神不健康罪犯再犯和再次入院方面的作用

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241245863

Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat

{"title":"The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders","authors":"Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat","doi":"10.1177/00258024241245863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241245863","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Qatar established its Community Forensic Mental Health Team (CFMHT) in 2019 as part of the region's first comprehensive forensic psychiatry service. We present here the data on clinical and offending outcomes since its establishment and compare this with data from before the service was established. Objectives: To compare clinical and offending outcomes in mental health patients with criminal offending histories in Qatar before and after the establishment of CFMHT. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the socio-demographical characteristics, clinical outcome and recidivism measures of forensic patients, under the CFMHT for the last 2 years with data from a similar period before the services were in place. Results: Data for 85 patients under the active care of forensic community team were matched with a comparable group before the establishment of the services. The re-admission and reoffending rates after the establishment of the service over 2-year follow-up were 17.6% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with 40% and 32% before the service. Conclusions: Since its inception, the CFMHT has made a significant positive impact on quality of life, mental well-being and safety of patients under its care. Close working relationships with the criminal justice system, families and carers have helped fight stigma and promote safer communities.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying focal points to prevent traffic accidents in Japan and specific measures proposed: Aspects common to Japan and South Korea and suggested preventive measures 确定日本预防交通事故的重点，并提出具体措施：日本和韩国的共同点及建议的预防措施

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241245873

Ken Inoue, Tatsushige Fukunaga, Haruo Takeshita, Yasuyuki Fujita, Satomi Kameo, Masaharu Hoshi, Noriyuki Kawano

引用次数: 0

How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patients' rights are protected. 不同国家如何应对不良事件，同时保护患者的权利。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231182369

Eva Gil-Hernández, Irene Carrillo, Mary-Elizabeth Tumelty, Einav Srulovici, Kris Vanhaecht, Katharine Ann Wallis, Priscila Giraldo, María Pilar Astier-Peña, Massimiliano Panella, Sofia Guerra-Paiva, Sandra Buttigieg, Deborah Seys, Reinhard Strametz, Asier Urruela Mora, José Joaquín Mira

{"title":"How different countries respond to adverse events whilst patients' rights are protected.","authors":"Eva Gil-Hernández, Irene Carrillo, Mary-Elizabeth Tumelty, Einav Srulovici, Kris Vanhaecht, Katharine Ann Wallis, Priscila Giraldo, María Pilar Astier-Peña, Massimiliano Panella, Sofia Guerra-Paiva, Sandra Buttigieg, Deborah Seys, Reinhard Strametz, Asier Urruela Mora, José Joaquín Mira","doi":"10.1177/00258024231182369","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231182369","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety is high on the policy agenda internationally. Learning from safety incidents is a core component in achieving the important goal of increasing patient safety. This study explores the legal frameworks in the countries to promote reporting, disclosure, and supporting healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in safety incidents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to ascertain an overview of the legal frameworks at national level, as well as relevant policies. ERNST (The European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victims) group peer-reviewed data collected from countries was performed to validate information. Information from 27 countries was collected and analyzed, giving a response rate of 60%. A reporting system for patient safety incidents was in place in 85.2% (N = 23) of countries surveyed, though few (37%, N = 10) were focused on systems-learning. In about half of the countries (48.1%, N = 13) open disclosure depends on the initiative of HCPs. The tort liability system was common in most countries. No-fault compensation schemes and alternative forms of redress were less common. Support for HCPs involved in patient safety incidents was extremely limited, with just 11.1% (N = 3) of participating countries reporting that supports were available in all healthcare institutions. Despite progress in the patient safety movement worldwide, the findings suggest that there are considerable differences in the approach to the reporting and disclosure of patient safety incidents. Additionally, models of compensation vary limiting patients' access to redress. Finally, the results highlight the need for comprehensive support for HCPs involved in safety incidents.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"96-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal hyperthermia among children in school buses: Analysis of 47 cases in China. 校车内儿童致命的高热惊厥：中国 47 例病例分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231183505

Tianying Sun, Lijun Ge, Meichen Pan, Kang Wang, Weiwei Zhu, Hongmei Dong

引用次数: 0

Procedural justice and forensic mental health: An introduction and future directions. 程序正义与法医心理健康：导论和未来方向。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231206865

Jack Tomlin, Sarah Markham, Ciska Wittouck, Alexander Simpson

引用次数: 0

Fatal gunshot trauma of a child: A case from colonial Cyprus. 一名儿童的致命枪伤：来自殖民地塞浦路斯的一个案例。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231202563

Constantine Eliopoulos, Konstantinos Moraitis, Matteo Borrini, Joel Irish, Xenophon Kallis, Panayiotis Manoli, Marios Chimonas, Marios Cariolou

引用次数: 0