Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第2页

When missing becomes murder: An analysis of missing-femicide cases from the Republic of Ireland. 当失踪变成谋杀：对爱尔兰共和国失踪杀戮女性案件的分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241265060

Bernadette M Manifold

引用次数: 0

Dying alone. 孤独终老

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251316239

Peter Vanezis

引用次数: 0

Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives. 利用计算机断层扫描图像对颅骨进行性别、身材和年龄的估计：现状、挑战和未来展望。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348727

Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Sex, stature, and age estimation from skull using computed tomography images: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives.","authors":"Zhaokang Du, Pagorn Navic, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348727","url":null,"abstract":"The skull has long been recognized and utilized in forensic investigations, evolving from basic to complex analyses with modern technologies. Advances in radiology and technology have enhanced the ability to analyze biological identifiers-sex, stature, and age at death-from the skull. The use of computed tomography imaging helps practitioners to improve the accuracy and reliability of forensic analyses. Recently, artificial intelligence has increasingly been applied in digital forensic investigations to estimate sex, stature, and age from computed tomography images. The integration of artificial intelligence represents a significant shift in multidisciplinary collaboration, offering the potential for more accurate and reliable identification, along with advancements in academia. However, it is not yet fully developed for routine forensic work, as it remains largely in the research and development phase. Additionally, the limitations of artificial intelligence systems, such as the lack of transparency in algorithms, accountability for errors, and the potential for discrimination, must still be carefully considered. Based on scientific publications from the past decade, this article aims to provide an overview of the application of computed tomography imaging in estimating sex, stature, and age from the skull and to address issues related to future directions to further improvement.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical forensic medical examinations conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in child abuse cases. 哥本哈根法医司对虐待儿童案件进行了临床法医检查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348728

D Justesen, L Slot, L Thorlacius-Ussing, A Bugge, C J Wingren, J Banner

{"title":"Clinical forensic medical examinations conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in child abuse cases.","authors":"D Justesen, L Slot, L Thorlacius-Ussing, A Bugge, C J Wingren, J Banner","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348728","url":null,"abstract":"Child abuse, including physical, sexual, or emotional violence or neglect, is a global problem with serious and long-term consequences for children. Even though child abuse is prohibited in Denmark, the estimated number of physically and sexually abused children is relatively high, whereas the annual number of forensically examined children is low. We present the Danish practice and legal foundation for the clinical forensic medical examination (hereinafter referred to as \"forensic examination\") in suspected child abuse cases. Forensically documented findings may contribute to the police investigation and legal assessment of child abuse cases, safeguarding the rule of law for both children and suspected perpetrators. The forensic examinations are accredited according to international and European standards, and the Department of Forensic Medicine is regularly assessed for the fulfillment of accreditation. Accreditation, delimitations from medical treatment and police employment, and the fact that the department refers to the University of Copenhagen ensure impartiality from the police and the judicial system. A cross-sectoral intervention project has significantly increased the annual number of forensically examined children at the Danish Children's Advocacy Center (CAC) in Copenhagen, which supports children's legal rights and holds research potential due to systematic and continuous data collection.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collagen fibers as an indicator of postmortem interval in non-gravid uterus, prostate, and skeletal muscles of adult albino rats. 胶原纤维在成年白化大鼠非妊娠子宫、前列腺和骨骼肌中作为死后时间的指标。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348721

Nermin Nabil Fayed, Nadia A Kotb, Samaa Samir Kamar, Doaa Tawfik

{"title":"Collagen fibers as an indicator of postmortem interval in non-gravid uterus, prostate, and skeletal muscles of adult albino rats.","authors":"Nermin Nabil Fayed, Nadia A Kotb, Samaa Samir Kamar, Doaa Tawfik","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348721","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of postmortem interval (PMI) is a fundamental aspect of forensic medicine, aiding in the reconstruction of the time of death in medico-legal investigations. The present study aims to compare gender-based postmortem changes and investigates the role of collagen fibers as a potential indicator of PMI in albino rats. Eighteen male and nine female adult albino rats were examined. Three prostates, three uterine horns, and the quadriceps muscle of the hind limb of each animal were collected at six time points (0, 6, 24, 36, 48, and 144 h postmortem) after scarifying rats by neck dislocation. Morphological analysis revealed progressive softening of the organs with darker discoloration with increasing PMI. Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining showed cellular degradation up to 48 h PM. Masson's trichrome staining highlighted the persistence of collagen fibers up to 144 h. Notably, male prostates exhibited greater resistance to postmortem degradation compared to female uteri, suggesting that potential sex identification by gonads is possible up to 48 h PM.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medico-legal features of rifled weapons discharge fatalities in Rome (Italy) and analysis of the differences in internal bullet wound paths between suicide and homicide. 罗马（意大利）来复枪射击死亡的医学-法律特征以及自杀和他杀内部子弹伤路径的差异分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350785

Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Raimondo Vella, Giulia Ceccobelli, Giorgia Piizzi, Giulia Petroni, Fabio Guidato, Naomi Romaniello, Gabriele Giuga, Gian Luca Marella

{"title":"Medico-legal features of rifled weapons discharge fatalities in Rome (Italy) and analysis of the differences in internal bullet wound paths between suicide and homicide.","authors":"Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Raimondo Vella, Giulia Ceccobelli, Giorgia Piizzi, Giulia Petroni, Fabio Guidato, Naomi Romaniello, Gabriele Giuga, Gian Luca Marella","doi":"10.1177/00258024251350785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251350785","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm wounds reppresent a significant cause of mortality worldwide. The differentiation between suicide, homicide, and accidental incidents can be complex, particularly in the absence of clear injuries linked to third-party involvement. Autopsy characteristics of wounds are pivotal in determining the manner of death. A review of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Rome Tor Vergata's database identified 64 deaths due to rifled weapon discharge wounds, excluding accidental deaths. We recorded demographic, circumstantial, and autopsy data for homicides and suicides, with a focus on bullet intrasomatic wound paths analysis. Differences in frequencies of circumstantial data were observed, notably in the locations where victims' bodies were discovered. Autopsy findings revealed distinct anatomical wound distribution. Bullet wound paths across three anatomical planes indicated patterns associated with the manner of death. Leftward, upward, and backward pathways were unique to suicides, while frontward and rightward pathways strongly indicated homicide. Therefore, comprehensive data integration is essential for accurate forensic diagnosis, and projectile directionality alone should not be considered a definitive criterion to distinguish between suicide and homicide, as similar wound paths may arise in both contexts depending on the circumstances.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251350785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variable topography of black oesophagus (acute necrotising oesophagitis). 食管黑色的可变地形（急性坏死性食管炎）。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350778

John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Response to: 'A randomised controlled trial of eye movement desensitisation and re-processing (EMDR) in forensic services and in prison' - Letter to the editor. 回复：“眼动脱敏和再处理（EMDR）在法医服务和监狱中的随机对照试验”——致编辑的信。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251350786

Clare Crole-Rees, Daniel Lawrence, Laura Blundell, Kate Saward, Lewis Jones, Sarah El Anany, Gracious Simon, Natasha Kalebic, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Visual analysis of hotspots and evolutionary trends in the field of postmortem interval estimation. 死亡间隔估计领域的热点和发展趋势的可视化分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348722

Chengqiang Du, Yehui Lv

{"title":"Visual analysis of hotspots and evolutionary trends in the field of postmortem interval estimation.","authors":"Chengqiang Du, Yehui Lv","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348722","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Through a visual analysis of the literature on postmortem interval estimation research collected in the Web of Science database, this study aims to explore the development process, research hotspots, and technical approaches in this field, providing a reference for scholars and professionals in related fields. Methods: It retrieves English-language articles related to postmortem interval estimation published in the Web of Science Core Collection from its inception until December 31, 2023, that meet the inclusion criteria. The study calculates the annual number of publications and citations and analyzes the trends. Based on these annual publication volumes, a second search is conducted for the period during which the number of publications in this field exceeded 100 per year, specifically from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software is used to perform a visual analysis of the second set of retrieved documents. Results: The first search retrieved 1778 articles related to postmortem interval estimation research. The second search retrieved 1265 articles, with an average annual growth rate of 6.84%. Based on the publication trend line for this period, it is predicted that approximately 150 articles will be published in this field in 2024. Conclusion: In the future, the development of postmortem interval estimation will likely remain in a steady phase. Interdisciplinary interactions and constraints still exist. The future direction may focus on using multiomics approaches, combined with advancements in artificial intelligence, to establish comprehensive data models for more accurate postmortem interval estimation.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology and biomechanics of prone restraint respiration. 俯卧抑制呼吸的生理学和生物力学。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348719

Theodore E Milner, Geoffrey T Desmoulin

{"title":"Physiology and biomechanics of prone restraint respiration.","authors":"Theodore E Milner, Geoffrey T Desmoulin","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348719","url":null,"abstract":"There is a debate over whether the effect of prone restraint on respiration can lead to cardiac arrest. In itself, the prone or prone restrained posture does not likely compromise ventilation to any clinically significant degree for a detainee who is passive and calm, as a number of prone restraint studies have shown. However, these studies were not able to replicate an anxious, distressed or intoxicated (alcohol or drugs) detainee who is struggling and being actively held down. This review examines the physiology and biomechanics of respiration, highlighting the differences between upright position respiration and prone respiration and the effect of restraint on respiration. In addition, the findings of research on the effects of struggling, obesity, anxiety or panic and drug intoxication on the consequent carbon dioxide (CO2) production and the work of breathing are presented. The limitations which each of these factors place on the ability to remove CO2 from the blood are discussed. The evidence suggests that severe respiratory or metabolic acidosis could arise as the result of the combined effects of several factors and that cardiac arrest, if it occurs, would be more likely due to hypercapnia than hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0