Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第2页

"The uncooperative nearest relative and admission under sections 2 and 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983". "不合作的近亲和根据 1983 年《精神健康法》第 2 和第 3 条收治"。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241227715

Benjamin Andoh

引用次数: 0

The over-representation of neurodivergent children in Youth Justice Systems and The Youth Court. 在青少年司法系统和青少年法庭中，神经发育异常儿童的比例过高。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274073

Anne-Marie Day, Clare Allely, Louise Robinson, Kim Turner, Felicity Gerry Kc, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Features of fatal pesticide ingestion in South Australia. 南澳大利亚州摄入致命杀虫剂的特点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231197914

Lilli Stephenson, Corinna Van Den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Christine Nash, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Features of fatal pesticide ingestion in South Australia.","authors":"Lilli Stephenson, Corinna Van Den Heuvel, Melissa Humphries, Christine Nash, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024231197914","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231197914","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides are used to kill, repel or control any animal or plant species which are considered pests, but have also been associated with intentional and unintentional human fatalities. A rapid increase in pesticide suicides was observed during 'The Green Revolution' after pesticides were introduced into low- and middle-income rural households without appropriate guidelines for safe use and storage. While national pesticide bans have contributed to a significant decrease in pesticide-related suicides, such cases still comprise a large proportion of all suicides around the world. The aim of the current study was to provide a profile of pesticide suicides in a high-income country as a point of comparison against studies from low- and middle-income countries. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). Over the 20-year study period, there were a low, yet consistent number of pesticide suicides which were most common among males over the age of 40. Paraquat and methomyl pesticides collectively contributed to almost half (48.8%) of all fatalities. Consistent with the literature, such cases often occurred with little premeditation in response to an acute emotional crisis. While interpretation of autopsy findings was mostly limited, there were some pesticides that demonstrated findings consisted with previously reported characteristics (e.g., gastroesophageal erosions with paraquat). Given the high proportion of cases where paraquat and methomyl pesticides were implicated, it may be appropriate to review the availability and accessibility of such compounds to reduce the occurrence of pesticide suicides in South Australia and potentially the wider Australian population.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability of the six-phase method for auricular age estimation in an Indian population: A CT-based study. 六阶段法在印度人群耳廓年龄估计中的适用性：一项基于CT的研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231206864

Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"Applicability of the six-phase method for auricular age estimation in an Indian population: A CT-based study.","authors":"Varsha Warrier, Rutwik Shedge, Pawan Kumar Garg, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024231206864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231206864","url":null,"abstract":"Age estimation plays a crucial role in human identification. Amongst numerous age markers located throughout the skeletal framework, the auricular surface of the ilium presents as a resilient structure, with different methods for auricular age estimation currently in practice. Amongst these methods, the Osborne method is believed to permit accurate age estimation through its use of robust age categories and discrete phase descriptors. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of the Osborne method in an Indian population through a computed tomographic (CT) examination of the auricular surface, an aspect presently unreported. In order to do so, CT scans of 380 individuals were collected and evaluated using the Osborne method. A CT-based examination indicated that surface texture described by Osborne is difficult to appreciate through 3D CT images. Indistinct definitions associated with certain features, and the mosaic display of features within each phase further prevents applying the method effectively. Overall accuracy percentages of 99.47% and 98.90% were obtained using the method in males and females, respectively, with corresponding inaccuracy values of 10.10 years and 9.04 years. Significantly reduced accuracy percentages were obtained with alternate, more robust age brackets presented within the original study, demonstrating the limited reliability associated with the method. Inaccuracy and bias values computed for each decade indicate the relative utility of the method in aging 40-59-year-old individuals. Low accuracy percentages, high error rates and different methodological hindrances encountered within the present study illustrate the limited applicability of the Osborne method in aging an Indian population.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983. 废除 "依法出院"--根据《1983 年精神健康法》第 3 条和第 37 条被拘留的病人。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275901

Benjamin Andoh

{"title":"The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983.","authors":"Benjamin Andoh","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241275901","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since patients started to be admitted into mental institutions, absconding from such institutions has been a fact of life. Also, clear statutory authority to retake absconders has existed since county asylums, the forerunners of today's mental hospitals, started to be built following the County Asylums Act 1808. At present section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 concerns patients detained under a hospital order without restrictions on their discharge, etc. Section 3 of the Act, on the other hand, governs patients who are non-offenders but who are compulsorily detained in hospital for treatment. In the past, where a detained patient absconded from hospital and stayed at large beyond the period during which he could be retaken, he was deemed automatically discharged (i.e. 'discharged by operation of law'). Regarding sections 3 and 37 patients, such discharge was effectively abolished by the Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995. Not much attention has been given to this topic in the literature. This article adopts a solely legal perspective. It looks briefly at when the power to retake absconders from mental hospitals may be exercised and then examines the concept of discharge by operation of law and its abolition. It concludes that the abolition of discharge by operation of law in the case of patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983 was, though long-overdue, sensible and must be applauded.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initiating further measures to prevent traffic accidents in Japan: The use of a social medicine perspective. 日本预防交通事故的进一步措施：社会医学视角的运用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286770

Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Yuri Murayama, Masato Nakano, Noriyuki Kawano, Satomi Kameo, Yasuyuki Fujita, Haruo Takeshita

引用次数: 0

The radiographic diversity of dental patterns among 7219 young individuals-a contribution to disaster victim identification. 7219 名年轻人牙齿形态的放射学多样性--有助于识别灾难受害者。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241286738

Priscilla Bortolami, Renata Batista, Debora Moreira, Rizky Merdietio Boedi, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Ademir Franco

{"title":"The radiographic diversity of dental patterns among 7219 young individuals-a contribution to disaster victim identification.","authors":"Priscilla Bortolami, Renata Batista, Debora Moreira, Rizky Merdietio Boedi, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Ademir Franco","doi":"10.1177/00258024241286738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241286738","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of dental patterns is a fundamental topic in disaster victim identification. The current scientific literature, however, is scarce of data regarding young individuals. This study aimed to assess the radiographic diversity of dental patterns, considering missing, unrestored, and filled teeth in young individuals. The sample consisted of 7219 panoramic radiographs of individuals between 12 and 22.9 years. The permanent teeth, except third molars, were coded as missing, unrestored, or filled and odds ratios (OR) were calculated based on sex, dental arch, and age. The sex-combined sample had 1.116 distinctive dental patterns. \"All unrestored\" teeth was the most common pattern (OR: 0.437) followed by the sequence of unrestored teeth except restored mandibular first molars (OR: 0.021). Females had more distinctive dental patterns than males (p < .001), while males had more unrestored teeth (p < .001). In the age category of 12-12.9 years, the OR for finding a distinctive dental pattern was 11%, while in the age category of 22-22.9 years it increased to 58%. On the other hand, the OR for \"all unrestored\" gradually decreased according to age (74% in the younger category, and 23% in the older age category). The distinctiveness of dental patterns among young individuals is affected by the predominance of unrestored teeth. However, registering a single filled tooth in a remaining unrestored dentition can reduce exponentially the probability of finding an identical pattern of missing, unrestored and filled teeth.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of the estimation of postmortem interval using forensic entomology 利用法医昆虫学估算死后间隔时间的综述

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275893

John Oladapo Obafunwa, Amanda Roe, Leon Higley

引用次数: 0

Postmortem CT and MRI for detecting bowel obstruction in cases of pediatric sepsis deaths. 用于检测小儿败血症死亡病例肠梗阻的尸检 CT 和 MRI。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274912

Mária Marosi, Guillaume Gorincour, Lucile Tuchtan-Torrents, Michael J Thali, Dominic Gascho

引用次数: 0

Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review. 测定药物、临床和法医基质中甲苯噻嗪含量的分析方法--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275899

Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi

{"title":"Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review.","authors":"Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241275899","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine, a non-opioid veterinary anaesthetic tranquillizer that is not licensed for human use, has been linked to an increase in overdose fatalities worldwide. The study delves into the forensic aspects of xylazine usage, emphasizing on chemical, clinical and toxicological analyses of drug seizures, bodily fluids and tissues. It advocates for validated analytical methods for determining xylazine. This study provides supporting material to pave the path for the usage and development of relevant and verified alternative screening and confirmation methods for laboratories. Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed were searched for relevant articles and case reports in relation to xylazine misuse and established analytical methods for forensic investigation until April 2023. A total of 79 articles were evaluated, and 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent xylazine exposures recorded were incidental and intentional misuse/abuse. Common symptoms upon presentation were hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness and lethargy, although mortality was less prevalent. Solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are two extensively used sample preparation techniques. These techniques are used to extract desired analytes from complex matrices. Several analytical techniques have been stated, including GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD and others. The analytical procedures used are determined by the matrices involved, the amount of xylazine present, interfering compounds, the degree of precision required and the laboratory infrastructure. In the present context, the LC-MS/MS methods are preferred as the gold standard. In the near future, many analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, PSI-MS, immuno-analytical techniques and SERRS may show significant potential.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0