Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第3页

Domestic staircase accidents: Prevention beyond architectural restriction. 家庭楼梯事故：建筑限制之外的预防。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251391048

James R Burmeister

引用次数: 0

Commentary on 'The Julian Assange case and its implications for expert witness evidence' - Damned if you do ………. 对“朱利安·阿桑奇案及其对专家证人证据的影响”的评论-如果你这么做，那就见鬼了..........

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363103

Keith Rix

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the ethical dimensions of forensic DNA databases. 法医DNA数据库伦理维度的评估。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261437507

Itir Erkan

引用次数: 0

Is retained responsibility a matter for expert psychiatric evidence? 保留责任是专家精神病学证据的问题吗？

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261437518

Keith Rix

引用次数: 0

Impact of body size on decomposition rate in juvenile-sized remains: An experimental animal study. 幼体大小对幼体残骸分解率的影响：一项实验动物研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261437490

Paige Tynan, Christopher Aris, Amy E Rattenbury

{"title":"Impact of body size on decomposition rate in juvenile-sized remains: An experimental animal study.","authors":"Paige Tynan, Christopher Aris, Amy E Rattenbury","doi":"10.1177/00258024261437490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261437490","url":null,"abstract":"Juveniles and infants are often believed to decompose faster than adults due to smaller body masses, yet research on juvenile decomposition rates remains limited. Studies examining body size and decomposition yield contradictory results and typically rely on human analogues of adult-like proportions. Thus, whether smaller or larger cadavers decompose more rapidly remains unclear. Limited research exists on juvenile decomposition rates, despite their relevance to forensic investigations. In the UK, 46% of homicides involving victims under 16 remained unsolved in the year ending March 2022, compared to 30% across all homicides. Moreover, from 2012 to 2022, children under 1 year old had the highest homicide rate. Increased forensic understanding of juvenile decomposition could improve case resolution and investigative accuracy. This study investigated the relationship between cadaver size and decomposition rates using juvenile-sized domestic pigs in the UK. Over 18 weeks, total body score and percentage mass change were recorded. Given the subjective nature of visual scoring, three independent observers assessed the total body score to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Larger cadavers (12.3-16.1 kg) decomposed faster in early stages, while smaller cadavers (6.6-7.1 kg) showed an accelerated rate between weeks 4 and 12 based on total body score. Inter-rater analysis confirmed strong reliability in the scoring system. Both total body score and percentage mass change showed strong positive correlations with time, indicating that each measure reliably tracks the progression of decomposition.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261437490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A crucial approach to devise and consider urgently needed suicide-prevention measures based on suicide trends over 27 years in Japan. 根据日本27年来的自杀趋势，设计和考虑迫切需要的自杀预防措施的关键方法。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261435777

Ken Inoue, Sultana Razia, Yuri Murayama, Kyoko Hirabayashi, Soko Nishizawa, Nobuo Takeichi, Satomi Kameo, Noriyuki Kawano, Yasuyuki Fujita, Haruo Takeshita, Tatsushige Fukunaga

引用次数: 0

A forensic disciplinary investigation of deaths caused by traditional wooden house fires; A 10-year autopsy study in Turkey. 对传统木制房屋火灾造成的死亡进行法医纪律调查；在土耳其进行的一项为期10年的尸检研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261435764

Talip Vural, Melike Erbaş, Hüseyin Ç Ketenci

{"title":"A forensic disciplinary investigation of deaths caused by traditional wooden house fires; A 10-year autopsy study in Turkey.","authors":"Talip Vural, Melike Erbaş, Hüseyin Ç Ketenci","doi":"10.1177/00258024261435764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261435764","url":null,"abstract":"In the Eastern Black Sea Region, located in the northeast of Turkey, traditional wooden houses with rich visual and architectural features represent an important aspect of folk building arts. However, fires in these wooden houses, which have a high fire load, pose a significant public health issue, leading to substantial loss of life and property. This study aimed to evaluate deaths caused by wooden house fires over a 10-year-period from a forensic medicine perspective, with the goal of raising social awareness and providing recommendations for prevention and protection. 87.1% of the victims died at the scene. 68.2% of the bodies exhibited fourth-degree (carbonized) burns. 78.8% showed macroscopic soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract. 69.4% had elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, with a mean value of 41.2%. Identification was achieved through DNA comparison analysis in 36.5% of cases. The study determined that 83.6% of the deaths resulted from direct carbon monoxide intoxication, direct burns, or a combination of burns and carbon monoxide intoxication. To accurately determine both the identity of the deceased and the true cause of death in fire victims, a comprehensive investigation is essential. This includes detailed crime scene examination and extended toxicological, pathological, radiological, and molecular genetic analyses alongside autopsy procedures. Strong correlations were identified between blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract (macroscopic and microscopic), and fire-related causes of death. Furthermore, DNA comparison analysis enables 100% accurate identification, even in highly carbonized bodies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261435764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A customized CNN model for signature authentication-Forensic implications. 用于签名认证的定制CNN模型-法医学含义。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261420542

Rakesh Meena, Damini Siwan, Ankita Guleria, Nandini Chitara, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ayushi Srivastava, Tej Kaur, Vishal Sharma, Abhik Ghosh, Kewal Krishan

{"title":"A customized CNN model for signature authentication-Forensic implications.","authors":"Rakesh Meena, Damini Siwan, Ankita Guleria, Nandini Chitara, Peehul Krishan, Akansha Rana, Ritika Verma, Ayushi Srivastava, Tej Kaur, Vishal Sharma, Abhik Ghosh, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.1177/00258024261420542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261420542","url":null,"abstract":"Signature authentication refers to the verification whether the signature is legitimate or forged and is executed by the person who is claiming to have signed it. The main objective of the present research was to customize a deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on a primary dataset for signature authentication. The model was trained, validated, and tested on the dataset of the 1400 signature images (700 genuine and 700 forged) primarily obtained from the study participants. The signature samples were equally divided into a train (1000 samples comprising 500 forged and 500 genuine signatures) and a test dataset (400 samples comprising 200 forged and 200 genuine signatures) as per the requirements of the model's training and testing procedure. The model's architecture was optimized with different hyperparameters to achieve a higher accuracy rate. The results show that the proposed model attains the training, validation and testing accuracy of 97.32%, 97.92%, and 84.5% respectively. Furthermore, other evaluation matrices were also computed, including precision, recall (sensitivity), F1-score, and specificity with the values of 85%, 84%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. The accuracy matrices provide better performance over the other existing methods. This customized CNN architecture can be trained on larger datasets and directly deployed in the field of forensic science for signature examination. The study has wide-ranging applications in the banking sector, forensic document examination, courtrooms, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261420542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitation through yoga: Mental health and the right to dignity in prison. 通过瑜伽进行康复：监狱中的精神健康和尊严权。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261418903

Isabel Benjumeda Wynhoven, Victoria Valdebenito Mac Farlane, Valentina Salazar Hernández

引用次数: 0

Hemp versus marijuana: Chemistry- and pharmacology-associated regulatory framework. 大麻与大麻：化学和药理学相关的监管框架。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261420541

Layan Razouk, Rania Hamdy, Abdalla Ahmad, Osama Razouk, Nashwa Ahmed Mohamed, Sameh Sm Soliman

{"title":"Hemp versus marijuana: Chemistry- and pharmacology-associated regulatory framework.","authors":"Layan Razouk, Rania Hamdy, Abdalla Ahmad, Osama Razouk, Nashwa Ahmed Mohamed, Sameh Sm Soliman","doi":"10.1177/00258024261420541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261420541","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is a chemically diverse plant with bioactive cannabinoids that exert a wide range of therapeutic and psychoactive effects. This review comprehensively explores the botanical, chemical, pharmacological, and regulatory distinctions between hemp and marijuana, focusing particularly on the contrasting actions of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). We examine cannabinoid biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships (SARs) in relation to receptor interactions and activation, and metabolic pathways to highlight the scientific basis for their different effects and clinical applications. Additionally, the paper critically evaluates detection techniques and surveys international legal frameworks, highlighting disparities that often reflect cultural rather than scientific understanding. By integrating emerging clinical data and public policy trends, this review underscores the need for evidence-based reform and education, especially regarding non-intoxicating cannabinoids such as CBD. It also offers a scientific foundation to inform both health professionals and regulators in shaping future cannabis policy.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261420541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0