Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第3页

Sudden deaths linked to undiagnosed intracranial colloid cysts of third ventricle on autopsy: Series of five cases. 猝死与尸检中未确诊的第三脑室颅内胶质囊肿有关：5例系列病例

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348729

Sunita Das, Munesh Kumar, Vijay Sharma, Deep Roy, S K Tandon

引用次数: 0

Acute drug toxicity as a risk factor for lethal deep venous thrombosis. 急性药物毒性是致死性深静脉血栓形成的危险因素。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251349267

Roger W Byard, John D Gilbert

引用次数: 0

Causes of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival adult cases in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚到达时死亡成人病例的死亡原因和社会人口预测因素。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348714

Nadiya Beyan Hassen, Alemayehu Shiferaw Lema, Haimanot Tessema Bogale, Esubalew Gobignew Admasu, Miressa Belay Oljira

{"title":"Causes of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival adult cases in Ethiopia.","authors":"Nadiya Beyan Hassen, Alemayehu Shiferaw Lema, Haimanot Tessema Bogale, Esubalew Gobignew Admasu, Miressa Belay Oljira","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348714","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the cause of death and sociodemographic predictors of dead-on-arrival cases brought for autopsy, a cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 422 dead-on-arrival cases brought for an autopsy to a tertiary center in Ethiopia were reviewed. Descriptive and analytic analysis were used, and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and the cause of death. The study found that dead-on-arrival cases accounted for 32.5% of all autopsied cases. The mean age was 38.9 ± 15.6 years and ranged from 15 to 90. Approximately two-thirds of the cases were in the 15 to 44 age range. Male victims accounted for more than two-thirds of the cases, and 82.9% of the victims were urban residents. The cause of death could not be determined in 6.6% of cases. Unnatural deaths were the leading causes, followed by communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. Pneumonia and coronary artery disease were the leading specific causes of death. Residence and age were found to be associated with unnatural deaths. Urban residents had higher odds of dying due to communicable diseases compared to rural residents. Additionally, younger individuals aged 15-29 years had lower odds of dying due to non-communicable diseases compared to those older than 75 years. In conclusion, the high number of brought-in dead cases in Ethiopia, particularly among the younger population, is a concerning issue that requires immediate attention. Unnatural deaths were predominant, highlighting the need for improved safety measures and emergency medical services.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time to address the reality of dying alone. 是时候面对孤独终老的现实了。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348713

Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh

引用次数: 0

Mental health challenges of enforced disappearances: A call for research and action. 强迫失踪的精神健康挑战：呼吁进行研究和采取行动。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251349373

Anis Ahmed, Andrew Forrester

引用次数: 0

Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy. 尸检中COVID-19感染的致死性胃肠道表现。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251348724

John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Lethal gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection at autopsy.","authors":"John D Gilbert, Stephen Wills, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024251348724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251348724","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia is a rare event that has a high mortality rate, particularly in the elderly. Despite gastrointestinal symptoms being relatively common in COVID-19 infections, however, lethal gut complications are often not considered. Two cases with fatal COVID-associated acute mesenteric ischaemia are therefore reported. Case 1: A 74-year-old woman who died following a presentation with diarrhoea and abdominal pain was found at autopsy to have extensive ischaemic changes of her small and large intestines. The superior mesenteric artery and its major branches were widely patent. Histologically acute inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa and intramucosal haemorrhage were found with fibrin thrombi in intramucosal and submucosal vessels. Respiratory viral nucleic acid testing performed on a retronasal swab obtained at autopsy was positive for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Death was due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. Case 2: A 94-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection died after developing abdominal pain with melaena and bright red rectal bleeding. At autopsy there was focal transmural acute inflammation of the small intestine with multiple fibrin microthrombi. Death was also due to multi-organ failure complicating mesenteric ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection. In the absence of obstructive vascular lesions at autopsy in cases of intestinal ischaemia, COVID-19 should be considered with appropriate swabbing and careful histological sampling of the intestine and mesentery to check for microvascular fibrin thrombi.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251348724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to Prison healthcare: The practical and ethical consequences of the current state of prisons. 监狱保健更正：监狱现状的实际和道德后果。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251340773

引用次数: 0

Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America. 创伤敏感瑜伽干预（TCTSY）。改善拉丁美洲被监禁妇女的条件。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329237

Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven

{"title":"Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America.","authors":"Paola Solano-Durán, Luisa Pérez Escobedo, Isabel María Benjumeda Wynhoven","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329237","url":null,"abstract":"Female prisoners in Latin America experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to their male counterparts. The most prevalent include anxiety and stress, which stem from feelings of insecurity, perceived failure, long periods of detention, and the inability to care for their children. Furthermore, over 50% of female prisoners have been exposed to traumatic events, including physical and/or sexual violence, and report more adverse childhood experiences and higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than male prisoners. Understanding the root causes of these mental health issues is essential for developing effective interventions. Body awareness, crucial for consciousness and emotion regulation, is often compromised in individuals with PTSD, exacerbating their symptoms. Positive criminology approaches, such as yoga programs, have been shown to improve inmates' well-being and mental health by addressing these underlying issues. This commentary introduces Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) as a novel intervention designed explicitly for female prisoners with PTSD. Research indicates that TCTSY provides significant physiological and psychological benefits, including reductions in negative emotional states, hostility, and overall psychological distress. Despite these benefits, TCTSY has not yet been implemented in South American prisons. Given the substantial female prison population in Chile and their critical mental health needs, introducing TCTSY in these settings presents a promising opportunity. Implementing TCTSY could significantly enhance the well-being of female prisoners and promote prosocial behavior, addressing the urgent need for effective mental health interventions in this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study. 开发一种评估联合王国安全法医单位工作人员文化能力的工具：可行性研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329208

Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen

{"title":"Development of a tool for the evaluation of cultural competence of staff members at a secure forensic unit in the UK: A feasibility study.","authors":"Madhurima Basu, Alisdair Jg Taylor, Megan Georgiou, Doreen Kageha, Nadine Myers, Agatha Wojdylak, Quazi Haque, Piyal Sen","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329208","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural competence among healthcare professionals and providers is pivotal to providing effective, safe, and quality services. This paper considers the feasibility of using a tool to measure cultural competence within forensic mental health services, adapted from the Cultural Competence and Linguistic Competence Policy Assessment (CLCPA) developed in the United States (US). The adapted tool was piloted at a secure forensic unit in England; this consisted of a two-phase approach to data collection comparing the results from an initial assessment (time 1, n = 50), with those of a follow-up assessment conducted three years later (time 2, n = 100). The aim was to assess the practicability of using the tool to measure perceptions of cultural competence among 150 staff members, as part of a wider quality assurance and improvement process. The results indicate that the tool has utility in measuring perceptions of cultural competence and that the information gathered can be used to plan service improvements. Yet, it is recommended that the tool is modified at site-level as part of a collaborative exercise with staff and patients and according to service need prior to implementation.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence. 道德责任与精神障碍：精神错乱辩护的哲学探索。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251329180

Nicholas Hallett

{"title":"Moral responsibility and mental disorder: A philosophical exploration of the insanity defence.","authors":"Nicholas Hallett","doi":"10.1177/00258024251329180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024251329180","url":null,"abstract":"People are assumed to have moral responsibility, but the presence of mental disorder may call this into question. Nevertheless, when and how mental disorder affects moral responsibility is unclear. The insanity defence exculpates a defendant and effectively extinguishes their moral responsibility, although the criteria for insanity varies between different jurisdictions. Most successful cases of insanity are due to delusions, although the nature of delusions itself varies considerably. The recent case of Keal in England and Wales demonstrates some of the problems with the insanity defence, and a coherent philosophical basis for the defence is lacking. I argue that a volitional element should be added to the insanity defence in England and Wales such that a person may be exculpated on the basis of a mental disorder which sufficiently causes any of (1) defects of reason; (2) deficits in knowledge; (3) a lack of control; and (4) their ability to form intentions in crimes of intent, although the threshold should remain high. Reasons-responsive accounts of moral responsibility underpin many of these abilities. The extent to which mental disorder, particularly delusions, are considered a type of manipulation, rather than part of the self, is likely to be contributing to intuitions about exculpation although not all delusions will cause impairments or manipulation to the same extent. Amending the insanity defence in this way would be more just, more philosophically coherent and allow a more consistent approach for those with mental disorders who are charged with criminal offences.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024251329180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0