Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第3页

Psychological trauma and the law…post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic disorders (PTDs)? Is PTSD still fit for purpose? 心理创伤与法律......创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 还是创伤后紊乱症 (PTD)？创伤后应激障碍是否仍然适用？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275898

Martin Deahl

引用次数: 0

An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017. 2008年至2017年三个中心的儿童自杀风险因素分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241274914

Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard

{"title":"An analysis of risk factors for child suicide in three centres from 2008 to 2017.","authors":"Kelly L Olds, Rexson Tse, Simon Stables, Andrew M Baker, Kathryn Hird, Neil E Langlois, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241274914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241274914","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of a study of suicide in children aged 17 years and under in three centers-Hennepin County in the United States (US), Auckland in New Zealand (NZ), and South Australia in Australia (AUS) from 2008 to 2017 it was decided to characterize potential risk factors and to determine whether these differed by jurisdiction. Reviewed data included a history of psychiatric illness, symptoms prior to suicide, events preceding suicide, previous suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and communication of suicidal intent. The most common events preceding suicide were arguments with family/friends and relationship issues; in addition depression with or without expressed suicidal ideation, self-harming behavior, sadness, distress, drug/substance abuse, and anorexia were documented. Suicidal intent was on occasion communicated via technological means. In 79.5% of cases in South Australia decedents had a previously diagnosed psychiatric illness, with 62% in Hennepin County. This compared to a much lower proportion of cases in Auckland (23.8%). Whether this reflects more limited access to psychiatric services or a reluctance to seek support and therapy in Auckland is unclear. It does, however, demonstrate that risk factors for child suicide are not uniform among communities and so extrapolation of data from one area to another may not be appropriate. Disturbingly parents/carers were not aware of the decedent's suicidal intent in 84-87.2% of cases.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legal rights of the fetus: Nepali perspective. 胎儿的法律权利：尼泊尔的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275896

Alok Atreya, Ritesh G Menezes, Sagar Adhikari

引用次数: 0

Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview. 腐败气体产生的假象--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275894

Roger W Byard

{"title":"Artefacts due to putrefactive gas production - an overview.","authors":"Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241275894","url":null,"abstract":"Autolytic and putrefactive processes can cause considerable alterations to soft tissues and internal organs that may complicate forensic assessments. An overview was undertaken of the range of taphonomonic changes and processes that may result from postmortem putrefactive gas accumulation. The most commonly encountered phenomenon was purging of putrefactive fluids from the nose and mouth that was on occasion confused with bleeding from antemortem trauma. Much less common was putrefactive 'rigor mortis' where the limbs extend due to the accumulation of soft tissue and subcutaneous gas. This may sometimes be associated with alteration of the position of a body suggesting that it had been deliberately moved. Distension and stretching of the skin and subcutaneous tissues may cause recently sutured surgical incisions to dehisce, raising the possibility of inflicted incised wounds. Raised intra-abdominal pressures may cause diaphragmatic herniation of small intestine and has been associated with so-called 'coffin birth' where a fetus is expelled from the uterus after death due to pressure on the fundus. Gas accumulation on postmortem computed tomography examination may be confused with air embolism or the effects of trauma. All of these changes are the result of anaerobic bacterial action generating gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide resulting in pressure gradients.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach. 推进预防杀戮女性的研究：混合方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270818

Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed

{"title":"Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach.","authors":"Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed","doi":"10.1177/00258024241270818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241270818","url":null,"abstract":"Femicide, the killing of women, girls, and infants, is a pervasive problem affecting all global societies. Policy and research are impeded by inaccurate and missing prevalence data, gaps in understanding of femicide, especially for hard-to-reach marginalized populations, and conflicting perceptions between jurisdictions. Leveraging on a combined socio-ecologic model and Public Health approach, the paper spans the methods of a computed tomography-based injury study, an in-depth media-analysis, a legislation evaluation study, and a data barriers' study. Injury patterns, media depiction, and end-user consultations will close the loop on residual problems such as implementation, data gaps, and cultural perceptions. By mixed methods research representing multiple regions, and stakeholders, this project will enhance knowledge on interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors of femicide, advancing the humanitarian forensic discipline. The research method will identify emerging trends and facilitate improvements in tertiary prevention of femicide, specific to resource settings.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lethal septic pulmonary thromboembolism in a repatriated body - a rare complication of prolonged urinary catheterization. 一具被遣送回国的尸体出现致命的化脓性肺血栓栓塞症--长期导尿术的罕见并发症。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270813

Kathryn Harvey, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns. 三亲婴儿：医学、法医和伦理问题。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241266566

Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns.","authors":"Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1177/00258024241266566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241266566","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, human genetics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) have undergone various advances to combat with several congenital and developmental disorders. These advances are a boon for the families and patients who were restricted from having a child due to one or the other reasons. One such reason is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are definitely transmitted from the mother to the child due to uniparental/maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Depending upon the range of the mutation (mutation loads) present, the mtDNA mutation leads to various devitalizing to fatal disorders, all of which are incurable. Scientists and researchers developed a technique known as mitochondrial donation technique or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) to combat with the mtDNA mutations. The technique relies on the replacement of faulty mitochondria in the mother's egg with the normal wild-type from a donor female resulting in a \"three-parent baby.\" On the other side, forensic scientists and anthropologists continuously explore the mtDNA in various medicolegal cases and in uncoupling the mystery of human origin and migration respectively. In this regard, we explored the genetic, forensic and ethical aspects of a \"three-parent baby.\" The present communication also attempts to highlight the importance and limitations of the MRT technique/three-parent baby in a medicolegal context.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing age and lethal opiate use. 年龄增长与鸦片制剂的致命使用。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241266578

Jeremy Ws Hunter, Corinna van den Heuvel, Lilli Stephenson, Lauren Elborough, Roger W Byard

{"title":"Increasing age and lethal opiate use.","authors":"Jeremy Ws Hunter, Corinna van den Heuvel, Lilli Stephenson, Lauren Elborough, Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241266578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241266578","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid abuse is a leading cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been suggested that the age of opiate users in Australia is rising. To evaluate this further in a local population, toxicology and pathology case files from Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, were examined for all cases with lethal opioid levels from 2000 to 2019 (n = 499; M:F 2.3:1; age range 18-91 years, median age 42 years). The median age of opiate deaths increased significantly by approximately 16 years (p = 0.007, R2 = 0.34) with a significant increase in total deaths in the 45-54 years and 55-64 years age groups (p = 0.009, R2 = 0.32) (p = < 0.001, R2 = 0.54). Deaths due to heroin overdose showed the lowest median age (39 years, n = 184), with deaths from tramadol toxicity having the highest (50.5 years, n = 32). Recent changes in the demographic profile of opioid users in cases of lethal overdose involve an aging population. Forensic and clinical practitioners should be aware of significant opioid abuse in certain individuals at older ages as this raises the possibility that this may exacerbate the effects of age-related chronic diseases in this group and/or contribute to fatalities.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach. 为监狱和刑满释放人员社会关怀模式（共同赋权）制定初步方案理论：现实主义综合方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241264762

Deborah Buck, Lee D Mulligan, Charlotte Lennox, Jana Bowden, Matilda Minchin, Lowenna Kemp, Lucy Devine, Joshua Southworth, Falaq Ghafur, Catherine Robinson, Andrew Shepherd, Jennifer J Shaw, Katrina Forsyth

{"title":"Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach.","authors":"Deborah Buck, Lee D Mulligan, Charlotte Lennox, Jana Bowden, Matilda Minchin, Lowenna Kemp, Lucy Devine, Joshua Southworth, Falaq Ghafur, Catherine Robinson, Andrew Shepherd, Jennifer J Shaw, Katrina Forsyth","doi":"10.1177/00258024241264762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241264762","url":null,"abstract":"Many people are living in prison with a range of social care needs, for example, requiring support with washing, eating, getting around safely, and/or maintaining relationships. However, social care for this vulnerable group is generally inadequate. There is uncertainty and confusion about who is legally responsible for this and how it can best be provided, and a lack of integration with healthcare. We used realist-informed approaches to develop an initial programme theory (IPT) for identifying/assessing social care needs of, and providing care to, male adults in prison and on release. IPT development was an iterative process involving (a) an initial scoping of the international prison literature; (b) scoping prison and community social care policy documents and guidelines; (c) full systematic search of the international prison social care literature; (d) insights from the community social care literature; (e) stakeholder workshops. Information from 189 documents/sources and stakeholder feedback informed the IPT, which recommended that models of prison social care should be: trauma-informed; well integrated with health, criminal justice, third-sector services and families; and person-centred involving service-users in all aspects including co-production of care plans, goals, and staff training/awareness programmes. Our IPT provides an initial gold standard model for social care provision for people in prison and on release. The model, named Empowered Together, will be evaluated in a future trial and will be of interest to those working in the criminal justice system, care providers and commissioners, local authorities, housing authorities, voluntary groups, and service-users and their families.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When missing becomes murder: An analysis of missing-femicide cases from the Republic of Ireland. 当失踪变成谋杀：对爱尔兰共和国失踪杀戮女性案件的分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241265060

Bernadette M Manifold

引用次数: 0