Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第4页

Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them? 土耳其从高处坠落的妇女--拉丁美洲模式的协议能帮助她们吗？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257104

Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal

{"title":"Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them?","authors":"Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257104","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241257104","url":null,"abstract":"It is not always possible to determine the exact origin of death in cases of suspicious female deaths. Deaths resulting from falls present many challenges in forensic medicine. In order to overcome these difficulties, we screened the approaches to suspicious female deaths from international documents aimed at preventing violence against women worldwide, and we conclude that the Latin American Model Protocol (LAMP) is the most qualified one in addressing this issue. We have converted the LAMP into a checklist, compared it with the circumstances in the cases we present, and evaluated the potential benefits that LAMP could provide. The study examines three cases of women from Turkey who have died by falling from a height. In all cases, the women's partners were present with them at the time of incident. In all these three cases, partners were in a legally suspicious position and claimed that the incident was a suicide. The investigation and trial processes were different in all three cases, and various difficulties were encountered during the establishment of the truth. This study has demonstrated that, despite the actual occurrence of femicide, the use of the investigation steps proposed by LAMP and a comprehensive approach utilizing the scientific methods of forensic medicine, law, and other disciplines that can assist in analyzing the incident during the investigation process can help reveal the cases where defendants claim cases are suicide despite cases being a femicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review. 测定药物、临床和法医基质中甲苯噻嗪含量的分析方法--综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275899

Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi

{"title":"Analytical methods for the determination of xylazine in pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic matrices - A review.","authors":"Sachil Kumar, Hemi Gayakwad, Tulsidas R Baggi","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241275899","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine, a non-opioid veterinary anaesthetic tranquillizer that is not licensed for human use, has been linked to an increase in overdose fatalities worldwide. The study delves into the forensic aspects of xylazine usage, emphasizing on chemical, clinical and toxicological analyses of drug seizures, bodily fluids and tissues. It advocates for validated analytical methods for determining xylazine. This study provides supporting material to pave the path for the usage and development of relevant and verified alternative screening and confirmation methods for laboratories. Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed were searched for relevant articles and case reports in relation to xylazine misuse and established analytical methods for forensic investigation until April 2023. A total of 79 articles were evaluated, and 40 publications met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent xylazine exposures recorded were incidental and intentional misuse/abuse. Common symptoms upon presentation were hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness and lethargy, although mortality was less prevalent. Solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are two extensively used sample preparation techniques. These techniques are used to extract desired analytes from complex matrices. Several analytical techniques have been stated, including GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD and others. The analytical procedures used are determined by the matrices involved, the amount of xylazine present, interfering compounds, the degree of precision required and the laboratory infrastructure. In the present context, the LC-MS/MS methods are preferred as the gold standard. In the near future, many analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, PSI-MS, immuno-analytical techniques and SERRS may show significant potential.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983. 废除 "依法出院"--根据《1983 年精神健康法》第 3 条和第 37 条被拘留的病人。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275901

Benjamin Andoh

{"title":"The Abolition of 'Discharge By Operation of Law' - patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983.","authors":"Benjamin Andoh","doi":"10.1177/00258024241275901","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241275901","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since patients started to be admitted into mental institutions, absconding from such institutions has been a fact of life. Also, clear statutory authority to retake absconders has existed since county asylums, the forerunners of today's mental hospitals, started to be built following the County Asylums Act 1808. At present section 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 concerns patients detained under a hospital order without restrictions on their discharge, etc. Section 3 of the Act, on the other hand, governs patients who are non-offenders but who are compulsorily detained in hospital for treatment. In the past, where a detained patient absconded from hospital and stayed at large beyond the period during which he could be retaken, he was deemed automatically discharged (i.e. 'discharged by operation of law'). Regarding sections 3 and 37 patients, such discharge was effectively abolished by the Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act 1995. Not much attention has been given to this topic in the literature. This article adopts a solely legal perspective. It looks briefly at when the power to retake absconders from mental hospitals may be exercised and then examines the concept of discharge by operation of law and its abolition. It concludes that the abolition of discharge by operation of law in the case of patients detained under sections 3 and 37, Mental Health Act 1983 was, though long-overdue, sensible and must be applauded.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin. 国家医疗服务系统急症医院法医服务的作用：医生和近亲的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241259327

Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James

{"title":"The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin.","authors":"Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James","doi":"10.1177/00258024241259327","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241259327","url":null,"abstract":"A new Medical Examiner system was introduced in England and Wales in 2019 to scrutinise all non-coronial deaths. The three key roles of independent Medical Examiner scrutiny are to establish accurate causes of death, determine whether coronial referral is required and identify any care concerns. This is the first published service evaluation exploring the views of doctors and next of kin with whom Medical Examiner Services interact. The aims were to understand whether the Medical Examiner Service was achieving its three main roles. Surveys were sent electronically to the qualified attending practitioners, and by post to the next of kin, of a consecutive series of deceased patients reviewed by an acute NHS hospital Medical Examiner Service in the East of England. Recruitment took place over a five month period in 2023. Results are based on 100 returned surveys from doctors (response rate 35%) and 179 completed by next of kin (response rate 65%). Findings suggest the Medical Examiner Service was successfully achieving its three key roles and well received by both doctors and next of kin. Service user feedback is clearly important as Medical Examiner Services continue to develop into the statutory phase during 2024, when they are anticipated to review approximately 400,000 deaths per annum in England and Wales. This study demonstrates such feedback is not only useful for service development, but also eminently possible.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications. 埃及的自拍事故与犯罪：全面探讨医学法律意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257100

MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul

{"title":"Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications.","authors":"MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257100","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241257100","url":null,"abstract":"Selfies are self-surveillance images or videos captured by individuals using digital cameras that, in the attempt to obtain content, may lead to selfie-related injuries or deaths. Criminal selfies refer to offenders who take selfies with their victim(s) during crimes. Globally, both phenomena are underestimated due to deficient official data and the social nature of these incidents. This pioneering media-based retrospective study on selfie-related trauma aims to offset the literature deficit on this topic in Egypt, as an Arabic-speaking country, and extend the global understanding beyond the Western context. We utilised the Egyptian newspaper articles published between January 2014 and May 2023. We identified 25 reports of selfie-related accidents that resulted in 29 casualties with an 82.8% fatality rate. Male victims outnumbered female victims and the mean age was 21.8 years, with most victims aged in their twenties. Regarding the causes of selfie-related deaths, drowning in the Nile ranked first (43.4%) followed by falling from a height (26%). Unless suicide was suspected (n = 1), the remaining cases were considered accidental. We also found four reported criminal selfies that were associated with intimate partner violence. Three of these offenders were male, of which two had a history of drug addiction. In contrast to selfie cases, only one offender belonged to the second decade age group. Overall, selfie-related deaths were infrequent, with an average of three incidents per year. In conclusion, audio-visual communication has altered the modus operandi of crimes, so the digital media analysis should supplement the criminological and medicolegal processes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach. 推进预防杀戮女性的研究：混合方法。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241270818

Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed

{"title":"Advancing research on femicide prevention: A mixed methods approach.","authors":"Reena Sarkar, Nicholas Dempsey, Clare Toulmin, Joel Forthun, Annika Spiers, Chloe Dalla-Fontana, Richard Bassed","doi":"10.1177/00258024241270818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241270818","url":null,"abstract":"Femicide, the killing of women, girls, and infants, is a pervasive problem affecting all global societies. Policy and research are impeded by inaccurate and missing prevalence data, gaps in understanding of femicide, especially for hard-to-reach marginalized populations, and conflicting perceptions between jurisdictions. Leveraging on a combined socio-ecologic model and Public Health approach, the paper spans the methods of a computed tomography-based injury study, an in-depth media-analysis, a legislation evaluation study, and a data barriers' study. Injury patterns, media depiction, and end-user consultations will close the loop on residual problems such as implementation, data gaps, and cultural perceptions. By mixed methods research representing multiple regions, and stakeholders, this project will enhance knowledge on interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors of femicide, advancing the humanitarian forensic discipline. The research method will identify emerging trends and facilitate improvements in tertiary prevention of femicide, specific to resource settings.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serial neonaticide: Analysis of 126 cases. 系列新生儿杀婴126例分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241298149

Ian Brockington, Laurence Simmat-Durand, Alessandra Bramante, Claudia Klier

引用次数: 0

The legal rights of the fetus: Nepali perspective. 胎儿的法律权利：尼泊尔的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241275896

Alok Atreya, Ritesh G Menezes, Sagar Adhikari

引用次数: 0

Prison healthcare: The practical and ethical consequences of the current state of prisons. 监狱保健：监狱现状的实际和道德后果。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241302277

Andrew Forrester, Radha Kothari, Sarah Allen, Annie Bartlett

引用次数: 0

A case of Sudden Cardiac Death with myocardial infarction due to iatrogenic coronary dissection in a patient with coronary vasospasm. 一例冠状动脉血管痉挛患者因先天性冠状动脉夹层导致心肌梗死猝死。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241290037

Samadhi Dandeniya Arachchi, Mary N Sheppard

{"title":"A case of Sudden Cardiac Death with myocardial infarction due to iatrogenic coronary dissection in a patient with coronary vasospasm.","authors":"Samadhi Dandeniya Arachchi, Mary N Sheppard","doi":"10.1177/00258024241290037","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024241290037","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary vasospasm and coronary artery dissection are two recognized causes of Sudden Cardiac Death [SCD] in association with Myocardial Infarction in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery [MINOCA]. This is a case of post procedure death in a 50-year-old female during cardiac angiography, who had a family history of coronary spasm with sudden cardiac death in her mother. She went into cardiac arrest during the procedure with iatrogenic acute coronary dissection which was treated with LMS/LCx vessel stenting. However, she died in 4 days post procedure. Postmortem cardiac examination demonstrated a transmural hemorrhagic infarction of the entire circumferential wall of the left ventricle with normal coronaries both macroscopically and microscopically. Acute coronary dissection was confirmed histologically in the left main stem.Coronary vasospasm is transient constriction of coronary arteries, which causes partial or complete obstruction of the vessels. The exact pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood, but atheroma, drugs and a genetic predisposition are common associations. This case highlights the strong genetic link of coronary vasospasm in both mother and daughter and also the complication of iatrogenic coronary dissection which is a rare, but serious complication reported in about 0.1% of coronary angiography. This is the first postmortem report of procedure-related dissection in a patient with vasospasm indicating the cause is functional. Forensic practitioners need to be aware of coronary vasospasm and the complications of coronary angiography as a cause of acute myocardial infarction. Detailed autopsy yields valuable information in this rare condition.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0