Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第5页

Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population. 利用三维体积渲染技术，通过回归方程对印度北部人口的肩胛骨测量结果进行身材估算。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231193585

Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy

{"title":"Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population.","authors":"Karthi Vignesh Raj K, G Gokul, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta, Swati Tyagi, Abilash Srinivasamurthy","doi":"10.1177/00258024231193585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231193585","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the correlation between the stature and scapular measurements from both sides in order to develop population-specific regression equations to estimate the stature from measurements of the scapula in a contemporary Northern Indian population individually for the left and right sides. A total of 597 cadavers underwent postmortem multidetector computed tomography and subsequent medicolegal autopsy in our department between August 2021 and August 2022. Two hundred samples (100 males and 100 females) were randomly collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six linear anthropometric measurements of the scapula from either side were measured using the 3D volume-rendered technique by an electronic cursor. Each anthropometric measurement showed a significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). Regression analysis was applied to match the taken measurements against stature. The accuracy to predict stature ranged from 3.99 to 4.94 cm for males and from 4.49 to 5.27 cm for females, respectively. Left-sided measurements were better predictors of stature than the right side in both genders. The results of this study indicate that scapular measurements could be useful to estimate the stature of Northern Indian individuals, particularly in scenarios of disaster victim identification lacking long bones, which are considered to be better predictors to date.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review. 沙特阿拉伯的校园暴力：范围审查。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231216550

Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes

{"title":"School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review.","authors":"Omar Abdulqader Bamalan, Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit, Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh, Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid, Hussain Jawad Aljubran, Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani, Nader Mohammed Alosaimi, Ritesh G Menezes","doi":"10.1177/00258024231216550","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231216550","url":null,"abstract":"School violence comprises a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, and sexual acts that impact children and adolescents physically, psychologically, and academically. The aim of this article is to provide a scoping review of school violence in Saudi Arabia. The adversities of school violence and related forensic, legal, and social aspects from a Saudi Arabian perspective are discussed. The articles were extracted through the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases in a comprehensive criteria-based search strategy using relevant MeSH terms to identify papers related to school violence in Saudi Arabia from inception to October 6, 2022, and a total of 14 studies have been extracted and discussed. There were indicates that male students tend to engage in physical violence while females tend to engage in verbal violence. The consequences included having a significant impact on students' mental wellbeing, followed by a decrease in academic performance. Therefore, this study will identify the risk factors and present the preventive methods that can guide local institutions to establish new policies to increase awareness and implement culturally acceptable, community-based programs against school violence in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland. 爱尔兰共和国亲密和非亲密杀戮女性案件中受害者与犯罪者的关系、年龄和杀人方式。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231196628

Bernadette M Manifold

{"title":"Victim-perpetrator relationship, age and method of homicide in intimate and non-intimate cases of femicide from the republic of Ireland.","authors":"Bernadette M Manifold","doi":"10.1177/00258024231196628","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024231196628","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a review of femicides over 31 years (1991-2021) from the Republic of Ireland. A total of 253 cases were located and reviewed, of those 125 were intimate partner homicides (IPH) and 128 non-intimate homicides (NIH). One hundred and ninety-nine (78%) girls and women were killed by a male known to them - intimate partner (husband, partner, boyfriend, ex-partner, ex-boyfriend) (n = 125; 48%), family members (son, grandson, brother, cousin) (n = 25; 10%) and/or acquaintances (n = 49; 19%) from adolescence to old age. Thirty-one (12%) were killed by a stranger and 23 cases remain unsolved at this time. The method of killing depended on the relationship and age of the victim and perpetrator. The majority of IPH victims were less than 45 years of age (n = 101). Twenty-four were over 45 years of which six were over 60 years of age. The leading method of killing in IPHs was stabbing and strangulation and this was more prevalent in those aged between 26 and 45 years. As age increases, IPH decreases with the exception of cases of IP homicide-suicide. Adolescents (13-19 years) and young women (20-25 years) were more often killed by strangulation. Strangulation was also the leading cause of death in stranger killings particularly with sexual violence. There were 20 cases of matricide, with 17 perpetrators suffering from a mental illness at the time of the killing. The leading method of homicide in non-intimate homicides was blunt force trauma.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10052213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022. 英国诺福克和诺威奇大学医院在引入法医服务前后向皇家验尸官发出通知的性质和结果的变化：2018 年与 2022 年。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241260573

Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake

{"title":"Changes in the nature and outcome of notifications to HM Coroner from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK, before and after the introduction of a medical examiner service: 2018 versus 2022.","authors":"Jason Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Tim Bosworth, Saverio Virdone, Jes Fry, Jacqueline Lake","doi":"10.1177/00258024241260573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241260573","url":null,"abstract":"A medical examiner (ME) system was introduced to England and Wales in 2019 intended to ensure appropriate notification of cases to HM Coroner (HMC). The aim of the study is to determine and compare: (a) the nature of notifications to HMC for Norfolk from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) in 2018 compared with 2022; (b) to determine the outcome of those notifications and (c) to establish patterns of change in the number and nature of such notifications. HMC and ME datasets were interrogated to determine differences between notifications to HMC and outcomes in 2018 compared with 2022. From deaths at NNUH (2018 - n = 2605; 2022 - n = 2969), there were significantly fewer HMC notifications in 2022 compared with 2018 (25.3% vs. 17.6%). A decrease in notifications was noted for persons undergoing any 'treatment or procedure of a medical or similar nature' (24.0% vs. 16.2%) p < 0.0014. An increase in notifications was noted for neglect, including self-neglect (3.3% vs. 12.2%) p < 0.001. Of the coronial outcomes, there were significant increases in the numbers of post-mortem (PM) examinations (29.3% vs. 35.5%) p = 0.0276 and inquests (26.0% vs. 31.4%) p = 0.0485). There was a significant decrease in no further action by HMC (5.7 vs. 2.3) p = 0.0485. The study shows that the introduction of the medical examiner service has resulted in significant change in the nature of HMC notification categories. The notifications appear to be more appropriate, with an increased proportion of inquests and PM examinations and with a reduction in 100 A or 'no further action' outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241260573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin. 国家医疗服务系统急症医院法医服务的作用：医生和近亲的观点。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241259327

Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James

{"title":"The role of a Medical Examiner Service in an acute NHS hospital: Perspectives from doctors and next of kin.","authors":"Katie Carpenter, Katie Stammers, Grace Payne-James, Louise Parapanos, Jason Payne-James","doi":"10.1177/00258024241259327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241259327","url":null,"abstract":"A new Medical Examiner system was introduced in England and Wales in 2019 to scrutinise all non-coronial deaths. The three key roles of independent Medical Examiner scrutiny are to establish accurate causes of death, determine whether coronial referral is required and identify any care concerns. This is the first published service evaluation exploring the views of doctors and next of kin with whom Medical Examiner Services interact. The aims were to understand whether the Medical Examiner Service was achieving its three main roles. Surveys were sent electronically to the qualified attending practitioners, and by post to the next of kin, of a consecutive series of deceased patients reviewed by an acute NHS hospital Medical Examiner Service in the East of England. Recruitment took place over a five month period in 2023. Results are based on 100 returned surveys from doctors (response rate 35%) and 179 completed by next of kin (response rate 65%). Findings suggest the Medical Examiner Service was successfully achieving its three key roles and well received by both doctors and next of kin. Service user feedback is clearly important as Medical Examiner Services continue to develop into the statutory phase during 2024, when they are anticipated to review approximately 400,000 deaths per annum in England and Wales. This study demonstrates such feedback is not only useful for service development, but also eminently possible.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241259327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications. 埃及的自拍事故与犯罪：全面探讨医学法律意义。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257100

MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul

{"title":"Selfie accidents and crimes in Egypt: A comprehensive discussion of the medico-legal implications.","authors":"MennattAllah Hassan Attia, Nancy M Zaghloul","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241257100","url":null,"abstract":"Selfies are self-surveillance images or videos captured by individuals using digital cameras that, in the attempt to obtain content, may lead to selfie-related injuries or deaths. Criminal selfies refer to offenders who take selfies with their victim(s) during crimes. Globally, both phenomena are underestimated due to deficient official data and the social nature of these incidents. This pioneering media-based retrospective study on selfie-related trauma aims to offset the literature deficit on this topic in Egypt, as an Arabic-speaking country, and extend the global understanding beyond the Western context. We utilised the Egyptian newspaper articles published between January 2014 and May 2023. We identified 25 reports of selfie-related accidents that resulted in 29 casualties with an 82.8% fatality rate. Male victims outnumbered female victims and the mean age was 21.8 years, with most victims aged in their twenties. Regarding the causes of selfie-related deaths, drowning in the Nile ranked first (43.4%) followed by falling from a height (26%). Unless suicide was suspected (n = 1), the remaining cases were considered accidental. We also found four reported criminal selfies that were associated with intimate partner violence. Three of these offenders were male, of which two had a history of drug addiction. In contrast to selfie cases, only one offender belonged to the second decade age group. Overall, selfie-related deaths were infrequent, with an average of three incidents per year. In conclusion, audio-visual communication has altered the modus operandi of crimes, so the digital media analysis should supplement the criminological and medicolegal processes.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241257100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crime-scene and offender characteristics in conventional and nonconventional stranger homicides committed by male offenders in Sweden. 瑞典男性罪犯在常规和非常规陌生人凶杀案中的犯罪现场和罪犯特征。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241255779

Sara Rodre, Joakim Sturup, Thomas Masterman

{"title":"Crime-scene and offender characteristics in conventional and nonconventional stranger homicides committed by male offenders in Sweden.","authors":"Sara Rodre, Joakim Sturup, Thomas Masterman","doi":"10.1177/00258024241255779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241255779","url":null,"abstract":"In Sweden, from 1990 to 2013, most homicides occurred between family members, friends or acquaintances: the annual rate of incidents between unacquainted offenders and victims ranged between 8% and 13%. In the majority of these \"stranger homicides,\" three common motives, as defined by the precipitating event, could be identified: homicides resulting from a spontaneous altercation; homicides committed in the context of a robbery or burglary; and homicides committed in the context of a gangland conflict. The remaining minority-with uncommon or indiscernible motives-could, nonetheless, be categorized according to their nonconventional distinguishing feature: homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior; homicides committed in the context of a hate offense or politically motivated offense; homicides committed in the context of a sexual offense; and homicides committed in the context of a mass killing or series of homicides. In this registry-based study of 224 incidents, \"conventional\" stranger homicides, defined by their commonplace motive, were compared with \"nonconventional\" stranger homicides, defined by their lack of such motive. The former were more often committed with an accomplice, against a male victim, whereas the latter were more often committed in a public place, after contact initiated by the offender. In the latter, offenders were less often intoxicated at the time of the offense and more often adjudged to suffer from a severe mental disorder. The subcategory of nonconventional stranger homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior corresponded largely to both the archetypal stranger-homicide construct and the popular notion \"act of madness.\"","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241255779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them? 土耳其从高处坠落的妇女--拉丁美洲模式的协议能帮助她们吗？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241257104

Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal

{"title":"Women falling from heights in Turkey-can the Latin American model protocol help them?","authors":"Çağdaş Meriç, F Gülsüm Önal","doi":"10.1177/00258024241257104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241257104","url":null,"abstract":"It is not always possible to determine the exact origin of death in cases of suspicious female deaths. Deaths resulting from falls present many challenges in forensic medicine. In order to overcome these difficulties, we screened the approaches to suspicious female deaths from international documents aimed at preventing violence against women worldwide, and we conclude that the Latin American Model Protocol (LAMP) is the most qualified one in addressing this issue. We have converted the LAMP into a checklist, compared it with the circumstances in the cases we present, and evaluated the potential benefits that LAMP could provide. The study examines three cases of women from Turkey who have died by falling from a height. In all cases, the women's partners were present with them at the time of incident. In all these three cases, partners were in a legally suspicious position and claimed that the incident was a suicide. The investigation and trial processes were different in all three cases, and various difficulties were encountered during the establishment of the truth. This study has demonstrated that, despite the actual occurrence of femicide, the use of the investigation steps proposed by LAMP and a comprehensive approach utilizing the scientific methods of forensic medicine, law, and other disciplines that can assist in analyzing the incident during the investigation process can help reveal the cases where defendants claim cases are suicide despite cases being a femicide.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024241257104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Gender competent public law and policies by Marko Kostić and Svetislav Kostić 书评：Marko Kostić 和 Svetislav Kostić 所著《促进两性平等的公共法律和政策

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241254271

Aulia Riski, Syahriyati, Fadhilah Mahanani Saputri, M. R. Wiryawan, P. N. Sari, Arina Mufrihah, Mohammad Ilham Santoso

引用次数: 0

The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders 卡塔尔首个法医社区小组在减少精神不健康罪犯再犯和再次入院方面的作用

IF 1.5 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00258024241245863

Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat

{"title":"The role of Qatar's first forensic community team in reducing recidivism and re-admission of mentally unwell offenders","authors":"Shuja Reagu, Maryam Hussain Siddiqui, Majid Abdalla, Prem Chandra, Khaja Begum Nikhat","doi":"10.1177/00258024241245863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024241245863","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Qatar established its Community Forensic Mental Health Team (CFMHT) in 2019 as part of the region's first comprehensive forensic psychiatry service. We present here the data on clinical and offending outcomes since its establishment and compare this with data from before the service was established. Objectives: To compare clinical and offending outcomes in mental health patients with criminal offending histories in Qatar before and after the establishment of CFMHT. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the socio-demographical characteristics, clinical outcome and recidivism measures of forensic patients, under the CFMHT for the last 2 years with data from a similar period before the services were in place. Results: Data for 85 patients under the active care of forensic community team were matched with a comparable group before the establishment of the services. The re-admission and reoffending rates after the establishment of the service over 2-year follow-up were 17.6% and 12.9%, respectively, compared with 40% and 32% before the service. Conclusions: Since its inception, the CFMHT has made a significant positive impact on quality of life, mental well-being and safety of patients under its care. Close working relationships with the criminal justice system, families and carers have helped fight stigma and promote safer communities.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0