Medicine, Science and the Law最新文献_第5页

Characteristics of child physical abuse cases that are referred by the police for a clinical forensic medical examination. 警方转介进行临床法医检查的儿童身体虐待案件的特点。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261466036

Liselott Slot, Daniella Justesen, Lykke Thorlacius-Ussing, Anne Birgitte Dyhre Bugge, Niels Lynnerup, Jytte Banner, Carl Johan Wingren

{"title":"Characteristics of child physical abuse cases that are referred by the police for a clinical forensic medical examination.","authors":"Liselott Slot, Daniella Justesen, Lykke Thorlacius-Ussing, Anne Birgitte Dyhre Bugge, Niels Lynnerup, Jytte Banner, Carl Johan Wingren","doi":"10.1177/00258024261466036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261466036","url":null,"abstract":"In child physical abuse cases, a clinical forensic medical examination (CFME) is performed to document medical evidence, such as lesions and scars. In Denmark, however, not all cases are referred by the police to a CFME, and we aimed to study the key characteristics of police reported cases of child physical abuse (N = 136, ages 4-17 years) - case context, the child's disclosure and sociodemographic factors - that could influence the police's selection process. Associations between case characteristics and CFME referrals were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, which were supported by age- and sex-matched conditional logistic regression models. CFME referrals were found to be less common for cases with children from a low socioeconomic status family or with previously reported concerns (such as a report to the social services), and more common when the violence endured by children involved punching/striking of limbs or left visible marks. Moreover, the number of victims in a sibship seemed to be associated with CFME referrals. Referrals were not influenced by parents' origin or the suspect-child relationship. A biased referral process may lead to unequal case handling and undermine the rule of law. By identifying the characteristics relevant to this process, we aimed to contribute to a systematic and consistent approach to case management. Future qualitative interview studies with police officers and prosecutors and studies focused on larger populations can offer further valuable insights into the selection process.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261466036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost- and time-effectiveness of medico-legal management of healthcare-related infections: A bicentric comparative study. 医疗保健相关感染的医疗法律管理的成本和时间效益：一项双中心比较研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261466623

Simone Grassi, Martina Focardi, Rosario Barranco, Andrea Costantino, Isabella Caristo, Ilenia Bianchi, Renato Ghisellini, Francesco Ventura, Vilma Pinchi

{"title":"Cost- and time-effectiveness of medico-legal management of healthcare-related infections: A bicentric comparative study.","authors":"Simone Grassi, Martina Focardi, Rosario Barranco, Andrea Costantino, Isabella Caristo, Ilenia Bianchi, Renato Ghisellini, Francesco Ventura, Vilma Pinchi","doi":"10.1177/00258024261466623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258024261466623","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-acquired infections are due to an exposure to pathogens in the hospital setting and tend to occur within 48 h since the admission or within 3 days from the discharge. Nosocomial infections can often be a source of litigation and compensation claims for patient harm. The aim of our study was to compare two different management policies for medical malpractice claims related to healthcare-acquired infections (MMC) adopted in two different tertiary hospitals of Tuscany and Liguria since the year of the choice to fully retain the medico-legal risk. The two endpoints are as follows: i) to compare the operational risk (considered as the resultant of the frequency of MMC, their cost, and the likelihood of economic losses); ii) to verify how much the hospitals would pay if covered by an insurer. The MMC showed different distributions of frequency in the two hospitals, with mean value and variance higher in Florence (FI) than in Genoa (GE). Overall, FI showed a higher mean cost per claim, although the cumulative annual cost was lower, while GE displayed a higher probability of compensation and a more predictable number of events. These differences reflect the impact of the organizational and medico-legal approaches adopted by the two centers.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"258024261466623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The right to die: A comparative analysis of end-of-life issues in Scandinavian legal systems. 死亡的权利：斯堪的纳维亚法律制度中临终问题的比较分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261466019

Riccardo Pulicani

引用次数: 0

The crux of decisions about who requires high-security care: A systematic analysis of referrals to the State Hospital. 决定谁需要高度安全护理的关键：对转介到州立医院的系统分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251362542

Lindsey Gilling, Duncan Alcock, Lindsay Thomson

{"title":"The crux of decisions about who requires high-security care: A systematic analysis of referrals to the State Hospital.","authors":"Lindsey Gilling, Duncan Alcock, Lindsay Thomson","doi":"10.1177/00258024251362542","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251362542","url":null,"abstract":"There has been limited study to date into the specific patient factors that influence decisions about an individual's need for high-security psychiatric care. Admission to high-security services requires careful assessment and consideration to ensure patients receive the least restrictive care justified, and those who are most likely to benefit from it are admitted. This retrospective case-control study describes the demographic, clinical and risk characteristics of referrals made to the State Hospital in Scotland during a 12-month period, and delineates differences between referrals that were accepted and rejected for admission. It updates the methods of a previous study undertaken at the State Hospital. Six variables differentiated rejected and accepted referrals in univariate analyses. Multivariate logistic regression found that a model with only the individual's age, whether they were prescribed antipsychotic medication at the time of referral, and whether they had a history of violent convictions, best predicted referral outcome. The findings support the conclusion that it is not only an individual's risk of violence or the severity of their mental illness in isolation, but the combination of these factors that is deemed to necessitate high-security care within a stratified forensic mental health system.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of predictability, preventability and causation of mental health homicides in England 2010 - 2023. 2010 - 2023年英国心理健康杀人案的可预测性、可预防性和因果性判断。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363094

Mayura Deshpande, Julia Ma Sinclair, David S Baldwin

{"title":"Judgments of predictability, preventability and causation of mental health homicides in England 2010 - 2023.","authors":"Mayura Deshpande, Julia Ma Sinclair, David S Baldwin","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251363094","url":null,"abstract":"Independent mental health homicide inquiries in England are required to comment on predictability and preventability and attribute causation. National commissioning bodies do not provide definitions. This study examines how predictability and preventability were determined, and causality attributed, by independent mental health homicide inquiries published in England between 2010 and 2023. The conceptual underpinnings of predictability and preventability in other specialities of medicine, and in suicide and homicide assessments in psychiatry are examined. We found 189 independent reports relating to mental health homicides, of which 162 independent homicide inquiries were included in the final analysis. No inquiry described how it attributed causation or addressed cognitive biases. A total of 130 of the 162 inquiries (80%) commented on either predictability or preventability: of these, only eight (6%) included a clear definition of predictability and preventability. Homicides were deemed predictable if the inquiry panel felt that the perpetrator's words or actions should have alerted professionals to a risk of significant violence; and preventable if the clinical team had knowledge, legal means, and opportunity to stop the homicide from occurring. 105 inquiries (81%) provided a firm view on both predictability and preventability. Of these, four homicides (4%) were deemed to be both predictable and preventable, ten (9%) were preventable but not predictable, five (5%) were predictable but not preventable, and 86 (82%) were neither predictable nor preventable. The implications of these findings are discussed, with recommendations to national commissioning bodies.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "amount" criterion in the determination of personal possession offenses involving the four most common drugs in Türkiye's supreme court. 泰国最高法院判定个人持有涉及四种最常见毒品的犯罪的“数量”标准。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251363069

Zeynep Arslan, Nisan Dogan, Zeynep Turkmen

{"title":"The \"amount\" criterion in the determination of personal possession offenses involving the four most common drugs in Türkiye's supreme court.","authors":"Zeynep Arslan, Nisan Dogan, Zeynep Turkmen","doi":"10.1177/00258024251363069","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251363069","url":null,"abstract":"The possession and trafficking of drug substances is one of the major public health problems. When examining court records of drug offenses, it is often found that the dealer may claim to be a user in order to avoid punishment. Of course, it is essential to determine whether the crime is drug trafficking or personal possession.The role of the courts in determining the purpose of possession is quite complex, as it requires an understanding of the offender's intent. This situation shows us that two articles in Turkish law (TPC No. 5237, Articles 188 and 191) could not be drawn with clear lines. Although there are many factors that cause this unclarity, the most complex one is the amount of substance recovered, i.e., the threshold value. This threshold terminology is a situation of great importance, given the increase in the types of illegal substances in today's world. In this study, we examined the verdicts (805 files) on the four main classical illicit substances commonly found in Turkish courts between 2016 and 2023 to determine the conditions that play an important role in determining the intention to supply drugs based on judicial principles.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"216-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who is a medical expert? How do we know that such experts are impartial? 谁是医学专家？我们怎么知道这些专家是公正的呢？

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261437511

Juliet Cohen, Jed Pennington, Frankie Boon, Cornelius Katona

引用次数: 0

Informed consent in clinical research: Medico-legal standards, ethical challenges and forensic implications in UK and EU frameworks. 临床研究中的知情同意：英国和欧盟框架中的医学法律标准、伦理挑战和法医影响。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251408947

Deborah Bonifacio, Rosaria La Licata, Giovanni Tarditi, Giovanni Romeo, Diego Romeo, Guido Attilio Condorelli

{"title":"Informed consent in clinical research: Medico-legal standards, ethical challenges and forensic implications in UK and EU frameworks.","authors":"Deborah Bonifacio, Rosaria La Licata, Giovanni Tarditi, Giovanni Romeo, Diego Romeo, Guido Attilio Condorelli","doi":"10.1177/00258024251408947","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251408947","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundInformed consent (IC) is a legal and ethical cornerstone in clinical research involving humans. While it embodies the principle of decisional autonomy, its implementation faces significant challenges.ObjectivesThis narrative review aims to critically analyse the ethical, legal and regulatory aspects of IC in clinical research, with a specific focus on UK and European Union (EU) jurisdictions. Particular attention is given to medico-legal defensibility, the treatment of vulnerable populations and the emerging forensic implications of consent-related failures.MethodsKey international instruments (Declaration of Helsinki, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences Guidelines), UK statutes (Mental Capacity Act 2005, Human Tissue Act 2004) and data protection regulations (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR) and its post-Brexit counterpart, the UK GDPR) were examined alongside relevant case law. Empirical findings, audit reports and forensic literature were integrated to assess procedural vulnerabilities and regulatory expectations.ResultsThe review identifies major risks associated with invalid or poorly documented consent, including therapeutic misconception, capacity fluctuation and coercion in hierarchical or cross-cultural contexts. It highlights the increasing role of forensic medicine in assessing consent adequacy and outlines innovative models such as dynamic and electronic consent, evaluating their medico-legal relevance.ConclusionsRobust, participant-centred consent frameworks are essential to uphold ethical integrity and legal compliance in clinical research. Regulatory harmonisation, institutional preparedness and forensic awareness are critical to mitigating liability, safeguarding participant rights and maintaining public trust in biomedical science.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conjugal visits and conception: Bioethical and medico-legal challenges in correctional settings. 夫妻探视和受孕：惩教环境中的生物伦理和医学法律挑战。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/00258024261418400

Camilla Cecannecchia, Fernanda Cioffi, Andrea Cioffi

引用次数: 0

Exploring the factors contributing to a severe injury in a domestic staircase accident. 探讨在家庭楼梯事故中造成严重伤害的因素。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Medicine, Science and the Law Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1177/00258024251362543

Takumi Minamiyama, Hiroshi Ikegaya

{"title":"Exploring the factors contributing to a severe injury in a domestic staircase accident.","authors":"Takumi Minamiyama, Hiroshi Ikegaya","doi":"10.1177/00258024251362543","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258024251362543","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of fatal staircase accidents in Japanese households has remained consistent for several decades, with staircase dimension regulations seeing minimal revisions since their inception. Studies concurrently investigating the influence of staircase factors and user factors on staircase accidents, particularly in terms of severity, are lacking. This study examined how these factors influence the severity of accidents by means of an Internet-based questionnaire survey. A private company was tasked with conducting the survey, and logistic regression analysis, encompassing both staircase and user factors, was performed on 165 individuals in the mild injury group and 129 in the severe injury group from a pool of 6945 responses. The odds ratio (OR) of the severe injury group to the mild injury group was assessed. For staircase factors, the OR of severe injury was 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.79) for straight stairs, with increased OR observed with a higher number of steps and wider staircases. Regarding user factors, the OR was 3.80 (95% CI: 1.29-11.14) for individuals with visual disturbance, with the OR escalating with age. This study suggests that in Japan, among the legally defined factors for stairways, limiting the installation of straight stairways and setting limits on stairway width can reduce the impact on the severity of accidents. And, of course, it is crucial to promote the use of alternatives, especially among high-risk users.","PeriodicalId":18484,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","volume":" ","pages":"202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0