Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Changes in V̇O 2max after 6 wk of Intensity Domain-Specific Training: Role of Central and Peripheral Adaptations.","authors":"Erin Calaine Inglis, Letizia Rasica, Danilo Iannetta, Mary Z Mackie, Felipe Mattioni Maturana, Daniel A Keir, Martin J Macinnis, Juan M Murias","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003697","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study characterized central and peripheral adaptations to domain-specific endurance exercise training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four young healthy participants were randomly assigned to age- and sex-matched groups of: continuous cycling in the 1) moderate-intensity (MOD), 2) lower heavy-intensity (HVY1), and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval cycling in the 4) severe-intensity domain (i.e., high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and 5) extreme-intensity domain (i.e., sprint-interval training (SIT)); or 6) control (CON). Two 3-wk phases of training (three sessions per week) were performed. All training protocols, except SIT, were work matched.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), maximal cardiac output (Q˙ max ), derived maximal arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO 2diff ), blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived muscle oxidative capacity (τOxCap) were measured and compared at PRE and POST. The largest change in V̇O 2max occurred in HIIT (0.43 ± 0.20 L·min -1 ), which was greater than CON (0.02 ± 0.08 L·min -1 ), MOD (0.11 ± 0.19 L·min -1 ), HVY1 (0.24 ± 0.18 L·min -1 ), and SIT (0.28 ± 0.21 L·min -1 ) ( P < 0.05) but not HVY2 (0.36 ± 0.14 L·min -1 ) ( P > 0.05). Changes in Q˙ max were observed in HVY1 (1.6 ± 0.5 L·min -1 ), HVY2 (3.0 ± 0.6 L·min -1 ), HIIT (2.9 ± 1.2 L·min -1 ), and SIT (1.8 ± 1.4 L·min -1 ) ( P < 0.05) but not in MOD (1.2 ± 0.3 L·min -1 ) and CON (0.1 ± -0.5 L·min -1 ) ( P > 0.05). HVY2 and HIIT produced significant changes in BV (438 ± 101 and 302 ± 38 mL) and PV (198 ± 92 and 158 ± 51 mL), respectively ( P < 0.05), whereas other groups did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No significant peripheral adaptations (i.e., τOxCap and a-vO 2diff ) were observed in any group ( P > 0.05). The results indicate that higher training intensities (i.e., HVY2 and HIIT) produce larger changes in V̇O 2max , which is supported predominantly by central adaptations. In addition, results suggest that, despite nonsignificant changes, the contribution of peripheral components to changes in V̇O 2max should not be dismissed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1669-1680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Moderate-Intensity Interval Training Block Improves Endurance Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists.","authors":"Knut Sindre Mølmen, Ingvill Odden, Margit Dahl Sørensen, Anne Mette Rustaden, Daniel HAMMARSTRÖm, Joar Hansen, Håvard Nygaard, Håvard Hamarsland, Bent R Rønnestad","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003706","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the physiological effects of a moderate-intensity interval training (MIT) microcycle followed by an active recovery period (collectively termed MIT block ) with a time-matched regular training period (REG) during the general preparation phase in well-trained cyclists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a randomized crossover design, 30 well-trained male cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max ), 70.5 (4.6) mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ) completed both MIT block and REG. The MIT microcycle involved six interval sessions over 7 d with 5-7 × 10-14-min work intervals at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 14-15 on the Borg 6-20 scale. A 6-d active recovery period followed before physiological testing. During REG, cyclists performed their regular preparatory-phase training routine, which primarily involved low-intensity exercise. Specific guidelines included completing either two MIT sessions or one MIT session and one high-intensity interval session per week. Endurance performance indicators assessed included changes in 15-min maximal average power output (PO 15min ), power output at 4 mmol·L -1 [blood lactate] (PO 4mmol ), 1-min peak power output during incremental testing (PO V̇O2max ), and V̇O 2max .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the Training Impulse (TRIMP) score was not different between MIT block and REG (1944 (436) vs 1800 (232), respectively; P = 0.27), MIT block resulted in significantly greater improvements than REG in PO 4mmol (4.0% (4.4%) vs -1.3% (3.7%), P < 0.01), PO V̇O2max (2.5% (4.5%) vs -0.7% (3.9%), P < 0.01), and V̇O 2max (2.0% (3.9%) vs 0.0% (3.5%), P = 0.05). Changes in PO 15min were not statistically different between MIT block and REG (3.9% (8.3%) vs 0.2% (6.8%), P = 0.14). During MIT intervals, rating of perceived exertion was 14.4 (0.3), corresponding to 66% (5%) of PO V̇O2max , 85% (3%) of maximal heart rate, and 2.8 (1.1) mmol·L -1 [blood lactate].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Six moderate-intensity interval sessions over 7 d, followed by a 6-d active recovery period, induce improvements in endurance performance indicators compared with a time-matched regular training period in well-trained cyclists.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1780-1789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Health of Female Elite Cyclists Is Characterized by Impaired Cortical and Trabecular Microarchitecture.","authors":"Luuk Hilkens, Melissa S A M Bevers, Caroline E Wyers, Luc J C VAN Loon, Joop P VAN DEN Bergh, Jan-Willem VAN Dijk","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003718","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Many elite road-race cyclists have low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as previously shown by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, aBMD provides limited insight into bone quality. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone microarchitecture, and bone strength in elite road-race cyclists using high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT), along with aBMD measured by DXA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty female elite (Tier 3/4) road-race cyclists (21 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 20.8 ± 1.6 kg·m -2 ) had DXA scans at the hip, lumbar spine, and total body to assess aBMD, and HR-pQCT scans at the distal radius and tibia to assess vBMD, bone microarchitecture, and failure load. Z -scores were calculated for all outcomes, with Z -scores <-1 considered as low or impaired. The risk of low energy availability was assessed using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low aBMD was observed in 20%, 25%, 35%, and 10% of the participants at the hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body, respectively. Low total vBMD was present in 45% and 40% at the distal radius and tibia, respectively. With regard to bone microarchitecture, the tibial cortical area and tibial cortical thickness were low in 40% and 60% of the participants, respectively, and number and thickness of trabeculae at the tibia were low in 40% and 30% of the participants. The impairments were less pronounced at the distal radius. Failure load was low in 15% (radius) and 20% (tibia) of the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Along with low aBMD, a substantial proportion of female elite cyclists had impaired bone microarchitecture, mainly characterized by a low cortical area and thickness and low trabecular number and thickness, especially at the distal tibia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1755-1762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscular Strength in Cancer Patients: Proposed Normative Values.","authors":"Buck W Covington, Luke Krynski, Lea Haverbeck Simon, Michael Lazio, Brooke Mattocks, Jesse Hayward, Reid Hayward","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003702","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to propose muscular strength normative data tables for the cancer population and observe the effects of exercise training on categorical placement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from cancer survivors ( n = 659) encompassing various cancer types across all cancer stages were used for this study. Participants completed assessments to estimate one-repetition maximum (1RM) for both chest press and leg press, in addition to a test of maximum effort dominant handgrip strength. Strength-to-weight ratio (SWR) and handgrip strength values were divided into categories by sex and age and compared with normative values from the apparently healthy population as reported by the American College of Sports Medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison of mean SWR and handgrip strength values for the cancer population to the apparently healthy normative data resulted in each age/sex group being classified as \"average\" or lower. Of the 30 age/sex classification groups for the cancer population, 23 demonstrated mean strength values in the lowest category of their respective assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Normative data derived from the apparently healthy population may not be an appropriate comparison for the cancer population and may not be sensitive enough to detect categorical improvements in muscular strength resulting from exercise training. We provide an initial data set that could serve as a first step in the development of normative strength data for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1769-1779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen Uptake Dynamics Conform to Acute Changes in Muscle Excitation and Total Hemoglobin Concentration during Constant Work Rate Exercise.","authors":"Gabriele Marinari, Robin Trama, Alessandro M Zagatto, Danilo Iannetta, Juan M Murias","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003700","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether muscle excitation during constant-work rate (WR) cycling is connected with total[Hb + Mb] and whether they interact with the oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 ) dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In experiment 1, 10 participants performed a 21-min constant-WR (CWR) within the heavy-intensity domain (i.e., 75% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and the maximal metabolic steady state) and a ramp-to-constant-WR (rCWR) to the same WR. CWR and rCWR were repeated twice and allocated in random order. In experiment 2, nine participants performed a double-constant-WR (dCWR) consisting of a 21-min exercise bout, a short 20-s break, and a second bout of 21 min within the heavy domain. V̇O 2 , EMG root-mean-square (EMG RMS ), total[Hb + Mb], and deoxygenated hemoglobin ([HHb]) were collected from the vastus lateralis. The EMG RMS /total[Hb + Mb] and the EMG RMS /[HHb] ratios were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EMG RMS was lower at minutes 1 and 7 and total[Hb + Mb] higher at minute 1 during the rCWR compared with the CWR condition (all P < 0.05). EMG RMS displayed an overshoot at minute 1, which was different from minute 21 during the CWR condition ( P < 0.05). EMG RMS did not display an overshoot after the 20-s break during the dCWR condition. The EMG RMS /total[Hb + Mb] inverted ratio was not different from V̇O 2 (%). The EMG magnitude of frequencies ranging from ~30 to 90 Hz was initially higher and decreased over time ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that EMG RMS -derived muscle excitation can be reduced by exercise protocols that promote higher total[Hb + Mb]. Furthermore, the interaction between muscle excitation and total[Hb + Mb] matched with systemic V̇O 2 .</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1690-1701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Rescues Blood-Brain Barrier Structural Impairment and Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis in a Hypertensive Mouse Model.","authors":"Ying-Shuang Chang, Chu-Wan Lee, Han-Chen Lin, Wan-Erh Hu, Chih-Lung Lin, Yi-Ting Wu, Yao-Hsiang Shih","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003696","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Over the past decades, numerous studies have suggested that exercise can mitigate neurodegenerative processes by improving mitochondrial function. Recently, we demonstrated that exercise could reverse hippocampus-associated memory deficits and reduce BBB leakage in a modified two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive animal model. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that exercise restores BBB integrity in hypertensive animal models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hypertension was induced in C57BL/6 mice via 2K1C surgery. After 3 wk of hypertension induction, mice underwent moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 5 wk. Subsequently, brain tissues were collected for immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting analyses to assess changes in BBB structure and mitochondria-related protein expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exercise restored hypertension-induced reductions in blood vessel density within the hippocampus. Additionally, it repaired BBB structural impairments, as evidenced by increased levels of Claudin-5 colocalization with blood vessels, enhanced perivascular astrocyte levels, and improved perivascular AQP-4 protein expression. An immunoblotting analysis revealed that exercise upregulated the PGC-1α/Nrf1/UCP-2 pathway in the 2K1C hypertensive model. However, exercise did not significantly affect Drp-1 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise alleviates BBB leakage by restoring structural integrity to the BBB. These improvements may be mediated through the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1657-1668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends, Characteristics, and Mortality of U.S. Adults Unable to Do Aerobic Leisure-Time Physical Activity: The U.S. National Health Interview Survey 1998-2018.","authors":"Salud Pintos-Carrillo, Miguel Angelo Duarte, Rosario Ortolá, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Rocío Izquierdo-Gomez, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, David Martínez-Gómez","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003699","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe trends, characteristics, and mortality associations of U.S. adults unable to do aerobic leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from 1998 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 21 U.S. National Health Interview Survey annual updates. Logistic binary regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and Cox proportional regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR). People unable to do aerobic LTPA was self-reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 621,499 participants pooled, 10,554 (1.70%) were unable to do PA. Adults who were older than 65 yr (OR = 14.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.69-16.28), unemployed (OR = 15.61, 95% CI = 14.20-17.17), reported a bad self-rated health (OR = 45.69, 95% CI = 39.52-52.83), and had limitations with instrumental activities of the daily living (OR = 16.51, 95% CI = 15.68-17.38) had a higher risk of being unable to do aerobic LTPA. During a mean follow-up time of 10.36 yr, 5137 participants (50.44%) who were unable to do aerobic LTPA died. They had a higher mortality risk for all-cause (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.18-1.28) mortality compared with the participants who were able to do aerobic LTPA. Adults unable to do aerobic LTPA had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.09-1.19) than those who were able but did not perform aerobic LTPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>U.S. adults unable to perform aerobic LTPA showed a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with adults who were able to perform aerobic LTPA, and even compared with those who were physically inactive.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1702-1710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intense Physical Training on Left Ventricular Hemodynamic Forces in Endurance Athletes: A Feature-Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study.","authors":"Yeltay Rakhmanov, Dinara Jumadilova, Bauyrzhan Toktarbay, Zaukiya Khamitova, Aizhan Zhankorazova, Nurmakhan Zholshybek, Nail Khissamutdinov, Makhabbat Bekbossynova, Tairkhan Dautov, Alessandro Salustri","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003703","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to evaluate the effect of intensive physical training on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic forces (HDF) in athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty professional endurance athletes were evaluated at the beginning of their training cycle (off-season) and after a period of aerobic isotonic dynamic exercise (peak training period) using cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Images were analyzed off-line using dedicated software. LV HDF for the whole cardiac cycle and the different cardiac phases were measured. Standard statistics were used to compare off-season and peak training period values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average sport experience was 11 ± 7 yr. There were no differences in LV volumes, stroke volume, LV ejection fraction, and LV mass between off-season and peak training CMR. Similarly, there were no changes induced by physical training in the strain parameters. Physical training induced a significant increase of the longitudinal HDF (18.7 vs 21.2, P = 0.023) and an increase of the transverse HDF (3.4 vs 4.0, P = 0.048) throughout the entire heartbeat. After physical training, the peak values and the hemodynamic work (expressed as area under the curve) of the first part of the systole were significantly higher compared with off-season values (63.9 vs 53.9 ( P = 0.034); 4.67 vs 3.79 ( P = 0.015), respectively). The difference in the elastic rebound between off-season and peak training (-0.22 vs -0.37) did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.056).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intense physical training induces an increase in LV HDF throughout the entire heartbeat, independent from geometric cardiac remodeling. The first part of the systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle that is mostly improved by intense physical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1819-1824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamstrings Muscle Architecture and Morphology Following 6 wk of an Eccentrically Biased Romanian Deadlift or Nordic Hamstring Exercise Intervention.","authors":"Scott K Crawford, Caleb Sandberg, Jessica Vlisides, Quinlan Thompson, Samuel J Mosiman, Bryan C Heiderscheit, Jack T Hickey","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003701","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effects of a 6-wk eccentrically biased training intervention between Romanian deadlift (RDL) and Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE) on regional hamstring muscle architecture and morphology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were randomly allocated to an RDL or NHE intervention group and trained twice per week for 6 wk followed by a 2-wk detraining period. Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture (fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (PA)) and muscle thickness (MT) were measured using extended-field-of-view ultrasound. Anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSA) of BFlh, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus were also assessed via ultrasound. Muscle architecture and morphology were measured proximally, in the middle, and distally along the thigh. Separate linear mixed-effects models were run for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two healthy participants (15 females, 17 males) aged 20.8 (0.9) yr were enrolled and allocated to RDL ( n = 16) or NHE ( n = 16) groups. Following the intervention, BFlh FL increased (0.80 (0.6-1.0) cm (9%), P < 0.001), whereas PA decreased uniformly across all regions (-1.2° (-1.5° to -0.9°) (10%), P < 0.001) and MT did not change ( P = 0.29). Both BFlh FL and PA returned to baseline after detraining. No differences were observed between groups for changes in FL ( P = 0.55), PA ( P = 0.74), or MT ( P = 0.48). Hamstrings ACSA increased after the intervention (0.78 cm 2 (0.45-1.11 cm 2 ) (10%), P < 0.001) and remained elevated after detraining. There were no significant differences in ACSA between groups after the intervention ( P = 0.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in FL, PA, and ACSA are consistent between an eccentrically biased RDL and NHE intervention. These findings provide practitioners choice in exercise selection for eliciting adaptations relevant to hamstring injury prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1799-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Physical Activity, Fitness, and Body Composition in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Line Montandon, Dan Yedu Quansah, Alain Lacroix, Elena Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Antje Horsch, Amar Arhab, Jardena Jacqueline Puder","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003716","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to 1) describe perinatal changes in physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF), and body composition (BC) and 2) investigate prospective associations between PA and PF, and between PF and BC in metabolically high-risk women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis of the MySweetheart trial included 211 women with GDM. Outcomes were measured at 24 to 32 wk of gestational age (GA) and at 1 yr postpartum. Physical activity was measured using accelerometer and BC with bioelectrical impedance analysis (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM]) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (FM, visceral adipose tissue [VAT], lean mass [LM]; postpartum only). Regarding PF, handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed, the latter using the Chester step test to estimate the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables and BMI where applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between pregnancy and the postpartum, sedentary time decreased ( P < 0.001), whereas all PA intensities increased (all P < 0.001). CRF and handgrip strength did not change (both P ≥ 0.07), while FM and FFM decreased (both P < 0.001). Greater overall PA and moderate to vigorous PA during pregnancy were associated with better CRF and handgrip strength at 1 yr postpartum in unadjusted models only ( P < 0.05). Higher V̇O 2max was associated with lower FM and VAT, whereas higher handgrip strength was related to higher LM and FFM at 1 yr postpartum (all P < 0.001), before and after adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In high-risk women with GDM, higher PA during pregnancy correlated with greater PF at 1 yr postpartum only in the unadjusted, but not in the adjusted analyses. Higher PF levels were related to improved BC, highlighting their importance in the perinatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1646-1656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}