Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor Re: Allostatic Load Is Associated with Overuse Musculoskeletal Injury during US Marine Corps Officer Candidates School.","authors":"Evan D Feigel, Matthew B Bird, Kristen J Koltun, Mita Lovalekar, Jennifer N Forse, Elizabeth J Steele, Christopher K Kargl, Brian J Martin, Bradley C Nindl, Angelique Bannister, Angelito V Cruz, Tim L A Doyle, Karl E Friedl","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS PREDICTS EEG-BASED SOMATOSENSORY RESPONSES FOLLOWING NOXIOUS MECHANICAL STIMULATION IN A CONDITIONED PAIN MODULATION MODEL.","authors":"Elias Dreismickenbecker, Holger Stephan, Joschua Wiese, Malte Anders, Matthias Kreuzer, Johannes Fleckenstein, Ulf Henkemeier, Jörg Faber, Thomas Hilberg, Fabian Tomschi","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003781","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Existing literature indicates that physical fitness affects endogenous pain modulation capacity, potentially impacting populations with impaired pain modulation ability. However, current evidence remains inconsistent, and there is a lack of studies employing objective measures to examine this relationship. The objective of this study was to assess whether individual physical performance levels can predict endogenous pain modulation variables in the electroencephalogram (EEG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EEG-based somatosensory response following noxious mechanical stimulation was recorded as pinprick-evoked potentials (PEP) during conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in 32 healthy adults. To analyze physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured by using spiroergometric analysis and strength was tested using isokinetic strength testing. Bivariate linear regressions were calculated to analyze a potential relationship between physical performance parameters and CPM variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects with higher CRF exhibited a greater decrease in the ERSP in the CPM paradigm in the EEG and a correspondingly lower activation during a conditioning stimulus (CS). The CRF predicted 14.0% of the variance in the activation during the CS (large effect), and 10.2% of the decrease in the ERSP in the CPM paradigm (moderate effect). No such relationship was observed between strength and EEG-based variables. When the groups were separated according to their physical fitness levels, no differences were observed between the groups during isolated mechanical stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that CRF is associated with altered somatosensory responses during the CPM paradigm in our EEG-based pattern. Higher CRF appears to facilitate pain modulation processes without affecting central sensitivity to noxious mechanical stimulation, highlighting the potential benefits of higher levels of endurance exercise, but not strength levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low Load Blood-Flow-Restriction Training on Body Composition and Strength in Cancer Cachexia: A Case Study.","authors":"Frieder Krause, Nils Schaffrath, Ingeborg Rötzer, Jenny Hoffart, Michael Behringer, Elke Jäger, Katharina Graf","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A common side effect from cancer and anti-cancer treatment is cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), a multifactorial syndrome characterized by the loss of bodyweight, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Recommended therapeutic options are multidimensional, including nutritional, pharmacological and exercise interventions. A novel therapeutic approach is the use of low-load resistance training combined with blood-flow-restriction to the trained limbs (LL-BFR). It has been shown to induce adaptations in muscle mass and strength despite low training load in various clinical populations and might be a suitable training modality for cancer patients suffering from CAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 56-year-old female patient diagnosed with stage IV gallbladder cancer, suffering from CAC performed LL-BFR training twice weekly for twelve weeks and received a guideline-based nutritional intervention. All outcome measures (maximal strength (8-RM), handgrip strength, body mass, lean body mass, body cell mass, quality of life and symptom burden) were evaluated before and directly after the training period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adherence was moderate (67% of all training sessions completed) and no adverse events were noted. All measures of physical capacity and body composition improved between 19-55% and 9-11%, respectively. Quality of life decreased in 5/6 subscales while symptom burden increased in 2/4 subscales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment of CAC requires a multitargeted and interdisciplinary approach. This is the first case study using LL-BFR training in an oncological patient during active therapy. Our results show that LL-BFR was feasible and, despite no positive effect on quality of life and symptom burden, could induce relevant changes of muscle strength and muscle mass in a relatively short training period. Further research is necessary to confirm the results of this case study in randomised controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Effect of Breast Size on Running Economy and Upper Body Biomechanical Factors Contributing to Running Economy?","authors":"Madeline J Bennett, Nicholas A Brown, Wayne A Spratford, Cody Lindsay, Jocely K Mara, Isabel S Moore, Brad Clark, Celeste E Coltman","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effect of breast size on running economy, breast displacement, total body centre of mass excursion, trunk angular velocity and exercise induced breast pain at different running velocities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen female recreational runners with a small breast size (volume range: 90 - 338 ml per breast) and fifteen female recreational runners with a medium-large breast size (volume range: 351 - 1029 ml per breast) were matched for age and body mass index. Kinematic and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) data were collected while participants completed an 8-minute treadmill protocol at two incremental velocities (8 km·h-1 and 10 km·h-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Running economy was not affected by breast volume. Multiplanar breast displacement was significantly greater for larger breast volumes, despite participants wearing a high-support sports-bra. A higher breast volume was also associated with less vertical centre of mass excursion at velocity of 10 km·h-1 and higher trunk lateral flexion angular velocity at foot flat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women with large breast volumes experience significantly more breast motion compared to their smaller breasted counterparts during running, despite the presence of a high-support sports bra. Although increased breast motion as a result of breast size did not translate to differences in running economy, it did alter upper body biomechanical factors known to influence running economy - total body centre of mass vertical excursion and peak angular velocity of the trunk in the frontal plane. Future research should explore what effect excessive trunk motion has on the mechanics of the lower limb during running among women across the breast size spectrum, as well as how this may influence neuromuscular control and coordination between the upper and lower limb during running.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Oxygen Mismatch from Skeletal Muscle to Prefrontal Cortex Underpins the Rate of Exhaustion During All-Out Exercise.","authors":"Mark E Hartman, Michael Kantor, Kirsten Thornhill, Susannah L Reiner, Brad J Winn, Mark Kramer, Robert W Pettitt, Brett S Kirby","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We tested the overarching hypothesis that the expended rate of work above critical power (W' Balance) during all-out whole-body exercise is related to a decline in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation secondary to an organized systemic outstripping of muscle O2 supply relative to O2 demand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We concomitantly measured (N = 16 males) skeletal muscle O2 saturation (vastus lateralis near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS; %SmO2), pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2), and Hb differential (∆[O2Hb-HHb]) as an index of PFC O2 mismatch (pfcO2) via functional NIRS bi-laterally in the ventrolateral (VLPFC), dorsolateral (DLPFC), and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortices during brief all-out cycling exercise (highest instantaneous power for three minutes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All-out exercise evoked significant changes in %SmO2 (∆-28.8 ± 14.1%), V̇O2 (∆27.7 ± 10.3%), and global pfcO2 (∆-7.6 ± 4.8%). Decreases in regional pfcO2 were greater in the VLPFC (∆-10.9 ± 6.1 μM) vs DLPFC (∆-4.8 ± 4.5 μM) or OFC (∆-5.9 ± 4.2 μM). Spatiotemporal analysis by O2 measurement location revealed a steep rate of change transition phase followed by a maximal sustaining plateau, and progression of this pattern occurred sequentially first in muscle (~13 sec) → pulmonary (~44 sec) → PFC (~80 sec). Transition phase O2 indices were strongly correlated to the rate of W' Balance expended (muscle, R2 = 0.91; pulmonary, R2 = 0.997; PFC, R2 = 0.968), with crossover between regional O2 mismatches occurring at the same %W' Balance (end muscle = 71% vs start pulmonary = 65%, P = 0.56; end pulmonary = 26% vs start PFC = 30%, P = 0.83) and end PFC transition phase occurring at complete depletion of W' (end PFC = -0.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that whole-body all-out exercise tolerance may arise from a progressive O2 mismatch from skeletal muscle to the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns on the Results Reported in a Recently Published Meta-Analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response.","authors":"","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Phlebotomy on Physiological Responses during Submaximal, Prolonged Exercise.","authors":"Hilkka Kontro, Michael T Jensen, Allison M Caswell, Saied J Aboodarda, Martin J MacInnis","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The influence of reduced blood volume on prolonged submaximal exercise is unclear. Using a sham-controlled design, we investigated the effect of acute phlebotomy on physiological responses to 60 minutes of submaximal exercise and its subsequent impact on severe-intensity exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After baseline testing and a control trial, 17 moderately trained participants (5 female) underwent phlebotomy (PHLE) to withdraw 7% of total blood volume or a sham procedure (SHAM). Cardiorespiratory, metabolic, perceptual, and neuromuscular responses were assessed before, during, and after 60 minutes of submaximal exercise in the heavy domain (midway between the respiratory compensation point and the gas exchange threshold; 71 [6] % of V̇O2max) and in response to a subsequent severe intensity time-to-task failure (TTF) trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phlebotomy significantly affected ventilation (V̇E; +6 [7] % vs. control trial), ventilatory equivalent (+8 [8] %), heart rate (HR; +5 [4] %), O2 pulse (-6 [5] %), and blood lactate ([La]; +25 [32] %) during submaximal exercise (p < 0.05). Submaximal V̇O2, respiratory exchange ratio, perceived effort, and maximal voluntary contraction were unaffected by phlebotomy (p > 0.05). Phlebotomy reduced TTF by 24 [23] % (P = 0.018) without significantly reducing V̇O2peak (-5.6 [7.5] %, P = 0.09). Changes in V̇E (P = 0.004), HR (P = 0.003), O2 pulse (P = 0.009), and [La] (P < 0.001) between the control and experimental submaximal trials were correlated with changes in TTF (0.40 < R2 < 0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating vascular volumes impact physiological responses to submaximal exercise and influence subsequent maximal exercise performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperhydration with Glycerol, Sodium, and Isomaltulose or Sucrose on Fluid Balance, Thermoregulation, and Exercise Capacity in the Heat.","authors":"Junto Otsuka, Yumi Okamoto, Yasuaki Enoki, Daisuke Maejima, Tatsuro Amano","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether the addition of carbohydrates (sucrose [Suc] or isomaltulose [Iso]) to a beverage containing glycerol (Gly) and sodium (Na) would enhance fluid balance, thermoregulatory response, and high-intensity exercise capacity during exercise in hot environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blinded, and crossover study, 13 healthy men consumed 1L of beverage containing (1) 7% Gly + 0.5% Na (Gly + Na), (2) Gly + Na with 7% Suc (Gly + Na + Suc), (3) Gly + Na with 7% Iso (Gly + Na + Iso), or (4) water (CON) over 40-min in a hot environment (32 °C, 50% relative humidity). Participants then completed three 30-min cycling bouts at 50% peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trial at 80% V̇O2peak. Fluid balance and thermoregulatory response were assessed throughout the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with CON, beverages containing Gly and Na attenuated the total urine volume (all P < 0.001), and the addition of Iso (331 ± 84 g) further encouraged this response compared with Gly + Na and Gly + Na + Suc (429 ± 68 and 445 ± 133 g, respectively, both P ≤ 0.030). Compared with CON, the plasma volume increased with Gly + Na + Suc during the first exercise bout (-2.2 ± 6.7 and 4.3 ± 5.4 %, respectively, P = 0.048) and with Gly + Na + Iso during the TTE (-9.1 ± 4.4 and - 4.1 ± 4.0 %, respectively, P = 0.025). The rectal temperature increased whereas local sweating responses were reduced more with Gly- and Na-containing beverages than with CON (all P ≤ 0.028). No differences were found in TTE among the beverages (P = 0.159).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding Suc or Iso to Gly- and Na-contained beverages partially improves fluid balance but does not improve thermoregulatory responses and performance during moderate-intensity exercise in hot environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Immune and Gut Microbiota Responses to Military Training.","authors":"Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Cassandra Suther, Lauren A Thompson, Patrick N Radcliffe, Rebecca V Cherian, Zachary S Liechty, Blake W Stamps, Stephanie Krieger, Mayra Nelman-Gonzalez, Brian Crucian, Douglass Diak, Satish Mehta, Michael S Goodson, Nicholas Barringer, Tracey J Smith, J Philip Karl","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Military training includes multiple stressors that together may increase risk for illness by degrading immune function and altering gut microbiota. However, whether sex differences exist in those responses is undetermined. This study aimed to determine immune and gut microbiota responses during military training and identify sex differences in those responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two military cadets (33% female) participated in an arduous 17-day training event. Blood, saliva and stool were collected upon beginning (PRE) and completing (POST) training. Immune function was assessed by salivary secretory IgA (SIgA), latent virus reactivation, peripheral leukocyte distribution, circulating cytokines and mitogen-stimulated cytokine profiles. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants experienced a ~ 4% body weight loss and sex-independent increases in concentrations of cortisol, myoglobin, catecholamines and multiple cytokines. The granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio increased and SIgA decreased PRE to POST in males but not females (Pinteraction ≤ 0.02). Mitogen-stimulated cytokine profiles were generally reduced at POST versus PRE independent of sex. No differences in virus reactivation were observed. Sex differences in gut microbiota responses were limited to Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus, which increased in males relative to females (log2 fold change (FC) = 2.0-2.4; qinteraction = 0.19). Independent of sex, 24 genera differed at POST versus PRE with Lactobacillus demonstrating the largest decrease (log2FC = -0.90; qtime = 0.02) and Veillonella the largest increase (log2FC = 1.09; qtime = 0.03). Multiple correlations between markers of stress, immune function and gut microbiota composition were observed (q ≤ 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immune redistribution, leukocyte compromise and interrelated changes in gut microbiota composition were evident within this training environment. Those responses demonstrated associations with markers of stress severity but also sex differences suggesting a more pronounced depression of immune function in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}