Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Physical Activity Since Childhood and its Association qith Changes in Midlife Cognitive Functions: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Heidi J Syväoja, Tuuli H Suominen, Tuomas Kukko, Marja A Heiskanen, Jaakko Nevalainen, Katja Pahkala, Xiaolin Yang, Juha Mykkänen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Juonala, Mika Kähönen, Tomi P Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Eero Jokinen, Terho Lehtimäki, Ari Ahola-Olli, Olli T Raitakari, Suvi P Rovio, Tuija H Tammelin","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>. To examine whether cumulative PA in youth, adulthood, or from childhood to midlife is associated with cognitive changes in midlife. We further investigated whether cumulative PA in youth or adulthood was independently related to cognitive changes, and whether these associations differed by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>. This study utilized data (n=1353, 57% females) from the longitudinal, population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, initiated in 1980. Cognitive functions (learning and memory, working memory, reaction time, and information processing) were evaluated using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in 2011 and 2018. PA was assessed with a standardized questionnaire in all study phases (1980-2018), with repeated measurements conducted at 3-9‑year intervals. Cumulative PA was determined for youth (ages 9-24), adulthood (ages 24-48), and life-course (ages 9-48). Associations were analyzed using linear regression models with standardized variables, adjusted for age, education, cardiometabolic risk factors, health behaviors, and a polygenic risk score for cognitive function. Models of cumulative PA in youth and adulthood were additionally adjusted for each other.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>. Higher life-course PA was associated with a smaller decrease in information processing in midlife (β=0.08, p=0.003) (each unit increase in PA corresponded to a predicted 3-year advantage in information processing). Moreover, higher life-course PA was associated with a smaller decrease in working memory among males (β=0.09, p=0.040) (a predicted 2.7-year advantage in working memory). Life-course PA was not associated with other cognitive functions. Youth PA showed no association with cognitive changes after adjusting for adulthood PA, and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that individuals with higher life-course PA experience a smaller decrease in executive aspects of cognitive function during midlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Fitness to Cognition: Machine-Learning Prediction of Cognitive Performance Using Physiological Parameters in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Tzu-Cheng Yu, Wen-Lan Wu, Wen-Hsien Ho, Yu-Kai Chang, I-Hua Chu","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current cognitive tasks are not suitable for frequent monitoring of cognitive function in healthy adults. Increasing evidence suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular function, and autonomic regulation are associated with cognitive performance; however, these multidimensional relationships are challenging to interpret using traditional statistical methods. The present study examined the feasibility of using fitness-related physiological and cardiac autonomic indicators, together with interpretable machine-learning approaches, to assess relative cognitive performance in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional sample of 240 adults, 39 physiological variables were recorded as input features. Trail making test completion time was dichotomized at the median as the outcome variable. Four feature-selection strategies, correlation, mutual information, genetic algorithms, and recursive feature elimination, were combined with grid-tuned classifiers under stratified 5-fold cross-validation and probability calibration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A random forest model with ten RFE-selected features achieved 70.83 % accuracy, 71.38 % F1, and AUC = 71.2%, outperforming an untuned logistic-regression baseline model. SHAP-based interpretation indicated that older age, higher systemic vascular resistance, and higher resting heart rate shifted predictions toward the longer TMT-time group, whereas greater stroke volume, cardiac output, high-frequency power, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia shifted predictions toward the shorter TMT-time group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physiological parameters related to cardiovascular and autonomic function showed moderate ability to discriminate relative TMT-based performance groups in healthy adults, supporting the feasibility of physiology-based cognitive assessment. Several key features identified by the model are modifiable through exercise and lifestyle interventions, suggesting potential translational value. With further validation and refinement, including evaluation of wearable-accessible physiological features, such models may support lower-burden monitoring and future personalized cognitive-health applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Training Reduces Cerebrovascular Impedance in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jun Sugawara, Takashi Tarumi, Tsubasa Tomoto, Evan Pasha, C Munro Cullum, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003935","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), cerebrovascular impedance modulus ( Z ) was higher than in cognitively normal peers, which is associated with brain hypoperfusion. While 1 yr of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise training (AET) reduced Z in cognitively normal older adults, the effects of AET on aMCI remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy patients with aMCI were randomized into 1 yr of AET ( N = 31) or stretching and toning (SAT, N = 39). At baseline, midpoint (6 months), and trial completion (12 months), Z was assessed using transfer function analysis between carotid arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity measured simultaneously via applanation tonometry and transcranial Doppler in the middle cerebral artery, respectively. Total CBF was measured as the sum of the bilateral internal carotid and vertebral arterial flow via duplex ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AET group exhibited gradual, significant reductions in Z at 6 months ( P = 0.008 vs baseline) and 12 months ( P < 0.001 vs baseline; P < 0.001 vs 6 months). In the SAT group, although Z decreased during the first 6 months ( P < 0.001 vs baseline), it was maintained over the following 6 months. Repeated-measures correlation analyses revealed inverse relationships between Z and total CBF as well as cerebrovascular conductance in the AET group ( rrm = -0.503, P = 0.008; rrm = -0.404, P = 0.037, respectively), but not in the SAT group. In exploratory sex-stratified analyses, women exhibited continued reductions in Z across 12 months regardless of training modality, whereas men demonstrated a plateau after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that in patients with aMCI, AET reduces Z , which is associated with higher brain perfusion and cerebrovascular conductance. Sex-stratified analyses further suggested that women may experience greater improvements in Z than men across 1 yr of training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1021-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural Instability Is Greater in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Following Exertional Heat Stress.","authors":"Jericho Wee, Stesha Low, Xiang Ren Tan, Melvin Khee Shing Leow, Johan G Eriksson, Jason Kai Wei Lee","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face a greater risk of heat-related illness during exercise compared to healthy counterparts. Here, we examined how T2D affects thermoregulation and post-exercise postural sway in cool and warm-humid environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Middle-aged men with (n=15, age: 58±5 years, V̇O2peak: 31±6 ml/kg/min) and without T2D (CON) (n=15, age: 58±4 years, V̇O2peak: 34±6 ml/kg/min) walked for an hour at 6.0 W/kg in 22 °C, 50%RH (COOL) and 32 °C, 70%RH (WARM) in a randomised counterbalanced crossover design. Gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), skin temperatures (Tsk), heart rate (HR) and whole body sweat rate (WBSR) were assessed in this study. Postural balance (i.e., centre of pressure (COP) excursions), handgrip strength and five-time sit-to-stand performance were assessed pre- and post-exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men with T2D showed greater increase in postural instability, particularly when balancing on an unstable surface after WARM compared to COOL, despite similar post-exercise Tgi, Tsk, HR, and WBSR between groups. Anteroposterior COP (WARM>COOL: +9mm [95% CI: 3 to 15mm], d = 0.86, P = 0.037); total COP excursion (WARM>COOL: +126mm [95% CI: 48 to 204mm], d =0.87, P = 0.018), and COP mean velocity (WARM>COOL: +5mm/s [95% CI: 2 to 7mm/s], d = 1.49, P = 0.003) were increased only in men with T2D in WARM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postural instability increased only in middle-aged men with T2D in humid heat, despite comparable thermoregulatory responses with age-matched men without T2D. This may be attributed to T2D-associated impairments (e.g., altered hemodynamics and/or vibrotactile sensitivity) which can lead to an increased fall risk during or after exercise in the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Modifiable Footwear Features on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force in Young Females during a Drop-Lateral-Jump Task.","authors":"Pei-Wei Chi, Kade L Paterson, Rana S Hinman, Wen Wu, Stella McNamara, Nirav Maniar, Riad Akhundov, David J Saxby, Azadeh Nasseri, Adam L Bryant","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003920","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aberrant lower limb biomechanics of young females contribute to elevated knee loads and a susceptibility to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Specific design features of athletic footwear may alter impact-related loads transferred up the kinetic chain to the knee. This cross-sectional biomechanical study examined the effects of modifiable footwear design features (heel height/pitch and medial arch support) on ACL force-time parameters of females during single-limb landing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two healthy late/postpubertal females (Tanner stage IV-V) performed a single-limb drop-lateral-jump task in nine footwear conditions, with different combinations of shoe pitch (4, 7, and 10 mm) and medial arch support (no support, low support, and high support). Using three-dimensional joint kinematics, ground-reaction forces, and electromyography data, an electromyography-informed neuromusculoskeletal computational model predicted ACL force during the weight-acceptance phase of the drop-lateral-jump task. A mixed-effects linear regression model was used to compare the magnitude and temporal characteristics of ACL force between footwear conditions. Tukey's post hoc comparisons were conducted for significant ( P < 0.05) main effects or interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For peak ACL force, no significant main effect or interaction was found. A significant main effect of shoe pitch was found for time-to-peak ACL force ( P < 0.001), where the 4-mm shoe pitch delayed time-to-peak by 3.23 and 4.28 ms compared with the 7 mm ( P < 0.001) and 10 mm ( P < 0.001) conditions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a delayed time-to-peak ACL force was observed with the 4-mm shoe pitch condition, the relatively small temporal differences observed, and the fact that peak ACL force did not differ across pitch variants, suggest that these findings may have few real-world implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1062-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Youth Sport Participation on Neural Processing During Response Inhibition in Children.","authors":"Julia Leskow, Andrew Jahn, Chia-Hao Shih, Eleanna Varangis","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Youth sports offer many benefits to developing children, but collision sports introduce additional risks from exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHIs). Past research has linked this exposure to reduced cognitive performance, including response inhibition. The current study aimed to probe how participation in collision sports affects inhibitory control in current youth collision sport athletes, compared to peers who participate in non-contact sports or non-sport activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired in the context of a response inhibition (CARIT) task from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development (HCP-D) Study to investigate how inhibitory control processing may differ among three groups: youth athletes who currently participate in non-contact sports (n=70; 13.2±2.7 yrs), youth athletes who currently participate in collision sports (n=48; 12.9±2.6 yrs), and current youth participants of non-sport activities (n=57; 14.3±2.5 yrs). Group differences on task-based behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) were assessed using generalized linear models (GLMs). A whole-brain univariate fMRI analysis using a GLM approach was conducted to identify task-related regional differences in Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences were observed in behavioral task performance (p-values above 0.242). However, there were differences in neural recruitment of the left Superior Temporal Gyrus region (MNI: -58, -40, 10; k = 102 voxels; peak voxel z-value = 4.24; p <. 001, cluster-corrected) when comparing the two sport groups to the non-sport activity group - athletes activated this region more than non-sport peers during inhibited response trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sport participation may influence differential processing during active response inhibition, perhaps signaling differences in task strategy, however collision sport participation shows no distinct deleterious effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Influence of Menstrual Phase on Substrate Oxidation Following Submaximal Aerobic Exercise in the Fed State.","authors":"Jessica A L Tucker, Derek P D Bornath, Seth F McCarthy, Tom J Hazell","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently the influence of the menstrual cycle and more importantly, fluctuations in key sex hormones across the follicular (FP), ovulation (OP) and luteal (LP) phases have on during exercise substrate oxidation has been questioned. In addition to a significant amount of work not following best practices when determining menstrual phase, the inter- and intra-individual variability in hormonal concentrations across cycles may be affecting our understanding.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effect of three hormonally distinct phases of the menstrual cycle (FP, OP, LP) on during and post-exercise substrate oxidation following an acute bout of submaximal aerobic exercise in the fed state while utilizing best practices to determine menstrual phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen females (age: 24±4 y, BMI: 24.8±5.4 kg·m -2, V̇O2max: 41.02±5.30 mL·kg·min -1) completed 30 min of submaximal aerobic exercise in the FP, OP, and LP where menstrual phase was tracked using cycle counting, oral body temperature, ovulation strips, and blood sampling. Between-phase differences in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), substrate oxidation, oxygen consumption (V̇O2), overall session O2, and post-exercise metabolism were compared using a series of linear mixed models (LMMs; timepoint x phase).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no between-phase differences in V̇O2, overall session O2, post-exercise metabolism, or RER (P>0.119, R 2<0.993). There were also no between-phase differences in fat (P=0.417, R 2=0.920) or carbohydrate oxidation (P=0.235, R 2=0.845) during or post-exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate no differences across menstrual phase in during and post-exercise metabolism following an acute bout of submaximal exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Post-Exercise Lipid Oxidation Rates Between Lower and Upper-Body Resistance Training in Well-Trained Females.","authors":"Alyssa L Parten, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Kennan M Sanchez, Sara A Heard, Eric K O'Neal, Matthew J McAllister, T Scott Lyons, Hunter S Waldman","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lipid oxidation (LOx) is a relevant physiological process linked to metabolic health. Despite growing interest in resistance training (RT) as a means to influence substrate utilization, LOx responses in females remain poorly characterized, with no study examining whether lower- and upper-body RT elicits different LOx patterns during the recovery period following exercise. This distinction may be relevant because lower-body exercises involves greater fat-free mass (FFM) and energy expenditure, whereas upper-body exercises recruit less FFM, potentially influencing metabolic effects.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine if LOx rates after exercise differ between lower- and upper-body RT in well-trained females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two females (age: 25.4±5.6years, FFM: 44.5±4.9kg, mean relative strength: 1.1±0.2) completed repetition-maximum (RM) tests in the barbell back squat (BS) and bench press (BP). From these, an equated volume-load (sets×repetitions×load) was determined using 65%1RM of participants' BS and BP. Metabolic testing was completed before either the BS or BP, then immediately (IP), 30-, 60-, and 90-min post-exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found between BS or BP LOx rates (p>0.05). LOx relative to FFM averaged 1.57±0.4 mg·kg⁻¹FFM·min⁻¹ across both exercises from IP to 90-min post-exercise, representing a 45% and 65% increase from baseline in the BP and BS, respectively. At 90-min post-RT, LOx reached 1.78±0.37mg·kg⁻¹FFM·min⁻¹ (SEM=0.08) for the BS and 1.65±0.31mg·kg⁻¹FFM·min⁻¹ (SEM=0.07) for BP, with no between-condition differences (p>0.05). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was not different between conditions (p>0.05), with a pooled average of 1.04±0.13kcal·min⁻¹ from IP to 90-min post-RT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data demonstrate that RT, differing in FFM but not volume-load, stimulates comparable LOx rates and REE responses during the post-exercise recovery period. These findings support versatility in exercise prescription, indicating that RT of different muscle regions can produce similar acute metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Handgrip Strength and its Interplay with Leisure-Time Physical Activity Across the IGEMS Twin Cohorts.","authors":"Päivi Herranen, Teemu Palviainen, Marianne Nygaard, Ida K Karlsson, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Karen A Mather, Chandra A Reynolds, Matthew S Panizzon, Taina Rantanen, Deborah Finkel, Margaret Gatz, Nancy L Pedersen, Jaakko Kaprio, Elina Sillanpää","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004019","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polygenic scores (PGSs) may help assess genetic predisposition to multifactorial traits. We examined whether age, sex, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modify the association between a PGS for handgrip strength (HGS) and measured HGS in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PGS for HGS (PGShgs), based on Pan-UK Biobank GWAS data, was calculated for 5103 participants (aged 40-96; 44% women) from eight twin cohorts in Denmark, Sweden, Australia, the United States, and Finland within the IGEMS consortium. Sex-standardized HGS and self-reported LTPA were assessed cross-sectionally. Linear mixed models estimated associations between PGShgs and HGS, including interactions with age, country, and LTPA, as well as an association between PGShgs and LTPA. Fixed-effect within-pair models were conducted to assess environmental contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PGShgs was associated with greater HGS (β = 2.14, SE = 0.15, p < 0.001), explaining 4.6% of HGS variance overall, with modest variation across countries. In sex-stratified models, PGShgs explained 5.2% of the variance in females and 4.3% in males. No statistically significant interaction with age was found. A significant PGShgs × LTPA interaction (β = -0.034, p = 0.013) indicated that the association between LTPA and HGS was more pronounced among individuals with lower PGShgs. The within-pair models offered limited support for the independent environmental impact of LTPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PGShgs was associated with measured HGS in the meta-analysis, highlighting the potential of PGSs to capture individual differences in strength-related traits across populations. The association of PGShgs with HGS was moderated by LTPA, such that the beneficial impact of LTPA on HGS was greater among individuals with a lower genetic propensity for HGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Intensity Resistance Training Enhances Strength, But Not Muscle Mass and Physical Functioning Gains During Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation.","authors":"Alejandra P Monsegue, Esther J C Wilms, Charlotte S Kramer, Jordi Morwani-Magnani, Myrthe van der Haijden, Cecile M Singh-Povel, Pol Grootswagers, Lisette de Groot, P E Slagboom, Luc J C van Loon, Lex B Verdijk","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether high-intensity resistance exercise training with nutritional support (RET) during recovery from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) induces greater improvements in muscle-related outcomes compared to standard rehabilitation alone (SR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three patients (70±6 y; 28.7±3.1 kg·m -2) were randomized to receive RET (intervention+regular rehabilitation, n=18) or SR (regular rehabilitation only, n=15) for 12 weeks, starting 8 weeks post-TKA. RET involved supervised, bilateral, high-intensity resistance exercise, 3x/week, daily supplementation (45g protein, 5.5 g Vivinal® GOS, 800 IU vitamin D, 366 mg calcium), and dietary counselling. Outcomes included bilateral and unilateral leg press 1RM, DXA-derived appendicular lean mass (ALM), CT-derived quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), 6-min walking test (6MWT) and 5-times chair-stand test (5CST). Data are mean±SD, analysed with 2-way repeated-measures ANOVAs, or median [IQR], analysed with Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bilateral leg press 1RM improved to a greater extent following RET (131±38 to 174±56 kg, P<0.001) vs SR (124±36 to 143±49 kg, P=0.018, P-interaction=0.026). Strength in the non-operated leg increased in the RET group only (RET: 22±17%, P<0.001, SR: 6±11%, P=0.175, P-interaction=0.002). Operated leg strength increased similarly between groups (RET: 51±33%, SR: 40±30%, P-time<0.001, P-interaction=0.338), as did ALM (RET: 0.5±0.8 kg, SR: 0.3±0.8 kg, P-time=0.009, P-interaction=0.390), and quadriceps CSA (operated: RET: 7.8±7.5%, SR: 9.2±5.9%, non-operated: RET: 4.8±4.5%, SR: 3.8±3.7%, P-time<0.001, P-interaction≥0.557). 6MWT improved more in the SR (428±94 to 513±75 m, P<0.001) vs RET group (417±69 to 460±72 m, P=0.002, P-interaction=0.034). 5CST only improved significantly following RET (RET: 15.3 [4.2] to 13.2 [3.9] s, P=0.039, SR: 14.4 [4.0] to 14.4 [5.1] s, P=0.064).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to standard TKA rehabilitation, high-intensity resistance training with nutritional support induces greater gains in bilateral strength but not muscle mass or physical functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}