Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Screening for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: Detection of Clinical Indicators in Female Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Paulina Wasserfurth, Robin Halioua, Désirée Toepffer, Zoë Lautz, Helena Engel, Anna Katarina Melin, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Malte Christian Claussen, Karsten Koehler","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose was to evaluate the individual and combined use of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDA-Q) to detect clinical indicators associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 50 female endurance athletes training ≥4× a week completed the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q and were assessed for presence of selected REDs indicators. Athletes meeting the criteria for mild or more severe REDs severity/risk according to the International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool Version 2 (IOC REDs CAT2) were classified as REDs cases. Diagnostic properties of the German versions of the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q were assessed at different cutoffs using receiver operating characteristics calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen (28%) athletes were classified as REDs cases. The LEAF-Q had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 50%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 38% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 86%. For detection of disordered eating behavior/eating disorder, the BEDA-Q showed a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 76%, respectively, with a PPV of 68% and an NPV of 79%. Out of 14 REDs cases, 9 (64%) scored positive in the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q. Two athletes (14%) scored positive only in the LEAF-Q, and one athlete scored positive only in the BEDA-Q. Two REDs cases remained undetected by both questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among German female endurance athletes, the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q are good screening tools to detect REDs cases with mild or more severe severity/risk as classified according to the IOC REDs CAT2. Further clinical assessments should be initiated when athletes score positive in at least one of the questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1257-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Sedentary Young Individuals.","authors":"Jinglin Huang, L U Leng, Min Hu, Xuyan Cui, X U Yan, Ziqing Liu, Kangle Wang, Jiarui Wu, Shan He, Weiji Deng, Peilun Li, Yilin Chen, Dongdong Gao, Yuan Wei, Junhao Huang","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the impacts of different exercise types on cardiovascular health and executive function (EF) in sedentary young individuals, and to determine the associations between cardiovascular function and EF after exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three sedentary participants were randomly divided into high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance exercise (RE), and control groups. Macro- and microvascular endothelial functions were assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and fingertip reactive hyperemia index, respectively. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and augmentation index. EF performance was evaluated using the Stroop and N -back tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure cortical activation and real-time oxyhemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) changes in different cerebral regions. Key circulating biomarkers for vascular and cognitive function, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved macro- and microvascular endothelial function while reducing arterial stiffness in sedentary young individuals. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in BDNF level was correlated with enhanced macrovascular endothelial function, whereas an increase in IGF-1 level was associated with enhanced microvascular endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness. Notably, both HIIT and MICT, but not RE, efficiently enhanced Oxy-Hb level in certain brain regions, such as the frontopolar area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, leading to the improvement in EF performance. Exercise-induced increase in Oxy-Hb level and EF performance were correlated with enhanced BDNF level and endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that 8 wk of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved endothelial function in both macro- and microvessels, and arterial stiffness among sedentary young individuals. However, HIIT and MICT, but not RE, notably increased blood oxygen level in the frontopolar area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex brain regions and improved EF performance. Due to the efficiency and time-saving features of HIIT, the present study highlights HIIT as an effective exercise prescription for promoting vascular function and EF in sedentary young individuals. Importantly, the observed improvements in cardiovascular function following exercise training are pivotal in improving EF, and elevated circulating levels of biomarkers like BDNF and IGF-1, induced by exercise, are involved in the regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1110-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and Lifelong Endurance Exercise Yields Differential Effects During Circadian Disruption in Mice.","authors":"Cole F Nelson, Cole R Wyatt, Evan C Johnson, William D Todd, Emily E Schmitt","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Circadian rhythms are responsible for physiological and behavioral processes coordinated in a 24-h cycle. We investigated whether untimed, long-term voluntary wheel access mitigated circadian disruption and facilitated re-entrainment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five C57Bl/6J mice ( n = 21 males, n = 14 females) were used in this experiment. Long-term exercised (LTEx) mice ran from 3 wk to 12 months of age. At 12 months, animals were circadian disrupted for 14 d and then re-entrained for 7 d. Long-term sedentary (LTSed) animals were disrupted but had no access to a wheel. Another long-term sedentary group had access to a wheel only during disruption (LTSed+Ex). SubCue data loggers were used to track internal rhythm of core body temperature (Tb). RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle and RT-qPCR was used to analyze gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, all three experimental groups had an initial entrained period lengths of ~24 h at baseline. There was a main effect of time ( P = 0.012), treatment ( P = 0.005), and time-treatment interaction ( P = 0.033) from baseline to disruption. A post hoc analysis within-group one-way ANOVA showed no difference between baseline and disruption period lengths in the LTSed+Ex treatment, yet a difference from baseline to disruption in LTSed and LTEx. Lastly, there is a difference in entrained period lengths between all three treatment groups at the re-entrainment time point ( P = 0.026) with a difference in change between disruption and re-entrainment with LTEx being lower than LTSed+Ex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that acute-like exercise during circadian disruption aided in mitigating circadian disruption. When all treatment groups were re-entrained back to a normal rhythm, the LTEx animals that had access to a wheel before, during, and after disruption had period lengths closest to baseline values.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":"57 6","pages":"1103-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Walking Pace, APOE-ε4 Genotype, and Brain Health in Middle-Aged to Older Adults.","authors":"Daniel H Aslan, M Katherine Sayre, Pradyumna K Bharadwaj, Madeline Ally, Silvio Maltagliati, Mark H C Lai, Rand R Wilcox, Yann C Klimentidis, Gene E Alexander, David A Raichlen","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003646","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether self-reported walking pace (a marker of physical function) and the presence of APOE-ε4 allele interact to modify brain health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a prospective cohort study of middle-aged to older adults from the UK Biobank who self-reported walking pace (slow or steady-to-brisk) and who were initially free of dementia ( n = 415,110). Incident all-cause dementia was obtained from hospital and death registry records, and structural brain volumes (right and left hippocampus volumes, total gray matter volume, and volume of white matter hyperintensities) were measured from a subset of participants ( n = 33,113). Cox proportional hazard models and generalized linear models were used to assess associations between exposures and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slow walking pace and the presence of APOE-ε4 allele were associated with increased dementia risk (HR = 1.79 [95% CI = 1.66-1.93], P < 0.001; HR = 3.06 [2.90-3.23], P < 0.001, respectively), and there was an interaction between these associations, indicating that the association of walking pace with dementia risk is modified by APOE-ε4 status (reference group: HR Steady-Brisk/APOE-ε4- = 1; HR Slow/APOE-ε4- = 2.03 [1.84-2.25], P < 0.001; HR Steady-Brisk/APOE-ε4+ = 3.21 [3.02-3.41], P < 0.001; HR Slow/APOE-ε4+ = 4.99 [4.48-5.58], P < 0.001). Slow self-reported walking pace was associated with worse brain volume outcomes, and these associations were not modified by APOE-ε4 genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest walking pace and APOE-ε4 status independently influence brain volume outcomes, but both factors independently and jointly contribute to increased dementia risk. Individuals with both risk factors (slow walking pace and APOE-ε4 allele) show the strongest associations with dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1212-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Three Different Distance/Elevation Gain Ultra-Trail Races on Red Blood Cell Oxidative Stress and Senescence, and Blood Rheology.","authors":"Romain Carin, Elie Nader, Nicolas Bouscaren, Philippe Connes, Floran Begue, Grégorie Lebeau, Aurélie Paulo-Ramos, Guillaume Descombes, Laetitia Berly, Frederique Modrzyk, Emilie Blond, Sébastien Racinais, Guillaume Y Millet, Olivier Meilhac, Philippe Rondeau","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Red blood cell (RBC) senescence and blood rheology during ultraendurance running events appear to be affected differently depending on the race distance. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effects of three different ultra-trail running races performed in La Reunion Island (Mascareignes, \"the 70 km,\" 70 km/4000 m D+; Trail Du Bourbon, \"the 100 km,\" 100 km/6090 m D+; Diagonale des Fous, \"the 170 km,\" 170 km/10,500 m D+) on RBC oxidative stress, RBC senescence, and blood rheology in 66 finishers (18 \"70 km,\" 24 \"100 km,\" and 24 \"170 km\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a decrease in RBC antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) positively related to the race distance and an increase in RBC H 2 O 2 and isoprostane levels after the three races. However, RBC H 2 O 2 and isoprostane levels were found to be higher after the 70-km race compared with the 170-km and the 100-km races. RBC phosphatidylserine externalization increased over baseline value after the 70-km race only. Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities of the RBC proteasome were decreased after all races compared with before. RBC-derived microparticles (RBC-MP) were increased after the 170-km and the 70-km races. Despite increased RBC senescence markers, RBC deformability increased after the three races. Blood viscosity was differently affected by the three races with a decrease at low shear rate after the two longest races (the 170 km and the 100 km) and an increase at high shear rate after the shortest one (the 70 km).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm that ultraendurance running events differently affect RBC senescence markers and blood viscosity depending on the race distance and suggest that RBC oxidative stress could play a key role in the observed alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1081-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sex on Cardiac Functional Adaptation to Different Modes of Exercise Training: A Randomized Crossover Study.","authors":"Louise H Naylor, Channa E Marsh, Hannah J Thomas, Barbara A Maslen, Julie Collis, Leanne Lester, Daniel J Green","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight females and 26 males participated in a randomized crossover design trial in which all participants completed 12-wk END and RES, separated by a 12-wk washout. Echocardiograms assessed morphology (left ventricular mass (LVM)), systolic function (ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain), diastolic function (mitral valve velocities (E, A); tissue Doppler velocities (e', a')), and left atrial volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males responded to RES by increasing LVM (Δ 9.1 ± 14.3 g, P = 0.005), whereas E/e' increased (Δ 0.74 ± 1.08, P = 0.004). There were no significant changes in females following RES. In response to END, LVM increased in both males (Δ 8.8 ± 15.7 g, P = 0.008) and females (Δ 6.5 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.004), with no significant difference in E/e' (Δ -0.29 ± 0.90) in males but a significant difference in females (Δ -0.39 ± 1.06, P = 0.012). Systolic function was not impacted significantly by END or RES in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that females were less responsive to RES training than males, and that RES increased LVM and caused an increase in E/e' in males, whereas END decreased E/e' in females. These data suggest that sex differences exist in cardiac structural and functional adaptations to different forms of exercise training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1174-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Patterns and Variability, Cognitive Performance, and Dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.","authors":"Anis Davoudi, Patrick T Donahue, Michelle C Carlson, Ryan J Dougherty, Amal A Wanigatunga, Vicki A Freedman, Jennifer A Schrack","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003656","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, the potential reverse effect of adverse cognitive change on physical activity remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of a subset of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N = 706) U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Dementia status (dementia vs. no dementia) was classified per NHATS protocol. Cognitive performance was assessed in executive function, orientation, and memory domains. Daily physical activity was assessed using wrist-worn accelerometers (Actigraph Insight).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with participants living without dementia, participants living with dementia had lower daily activity counts (×1000) (-319.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), -471.0 - -167.5), lower activity intensity (-1129.2 maximum counts per day; 95% CI, -1518.4 - -740.0 counts per day), less time spent active (64.3 min/day; 95% CI, 28.1-100.4 min/day), and more fragmented patterns of activity (6.1%; 95% CI, 3.0%-9.2%). One-unit higher cognitive performance in executive function was associated with higher daily activity counts (×1000) (67.9; 95% CI, 19.7-116.0), higher activity intensity (375.4; 95% CI, 232.0-518.7), more time spent active (12.4 min; 95% CI, 2.1-22.7 min), and lower fragmentation (-1.4%; 95% CI, -2.2% - -0.5%). One-unit higher orientation score was associated with higher daily activity counts (×1000) (61.0; 95% CI, 31.9-90.0), higher activity intensity (266.6; 95% CI, 197.9-335.2), more time spent active (11.6 min; 95% CI, 5.2-18.0 more active minutes), greater stability of daily activities (1.1; 95% CI, 0.3-1.9), and lower fragmentation (-1.2%; 95% CI, -1.7% - -0.7%). One-unit higher memory score was associated with higher daily activity counts (×1000) (28.1; 95% CI, 15.0-41.2), higher activity intensity (113.5; 95% CI, 77.0-150.1), and more time spent active (5.2 min; 95% CI, 2.4-8.0 min), as well as lower fragmentation (-0.5%; 95% CI, -0.7% - -0.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nationally representative sample of older US adults, dementia and lower cognitive performance were associated with lower volume and intensity of daily physical activity, as well as more fragmented and less consistent patterns of physical activity. These associations emphasize the need for considering the impact of cognition on individuals' ability to engage in and maintain regular physical activity and suggest shifts in daily quantities and patterns of activity consistent with cognitive decline and dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1221-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of a Single Bout of Strength and Endurance Exercise on Vitamin D Metabolites in Young Adults.","authors":"Mats Peder Mosti, Norun Aagård, Astrid Kamilla Stunes, Cathrine Langlie Brobakken, Martin Siksjø Brevig, Miriam K Gustafsson, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Eivind Wang, Unni Syversen","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003658","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effect of exercise on serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites remains inconclusive, with studies reporting deviating results. This study evaluated the acute effect of a single session of two specific exercise forms; strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), free 25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D), and skeletal muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression, in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine participants (19 women and 20 men, aged 21-30 yr) completed a single bout of ST and HIIT exercise, separated by 2 weeks. Serum concentration of total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D were assessed before exercise, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h after each session. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest (first visit), and at 3 and 24 h post ST and HIIT, and analyzed for VDR gene expression. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess serum concentration across time, whereas a one-way ANOVA was used for muscle VDR gene expression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum concentration of 25(OH)D or free 25(OH)D did not change after either exercise mode when correcting for plasma volume alterations. 1,25(OH) 2 D was reduced by 13.1 ± 18.3 pmol·L -1 and 7.1 ± 9.6 pmol·L -1 immediately after ST and HIIT, respectively ( P < 0.001). Muscle VDR mRNA expression increased after ST by 3.1 ± 1.8 (3 h) and 2.2 ± 1.7 (24 h) fold change ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One single session of ST or HIIT did not alter serum concentration of 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D when correcting for plasma volume changes. Both exercise modes caused a transient reduction in 1,25(OH) 2 D suggesting utilization of 1,25(OH) 2 D by muscle cells after exercise. Elevated VDR gene expression after ST suggests a functional role of VDR in fast-twitch muscle fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Estimating Body Fat Percentage of Young Adult Athletes: A Multicomponent Model Study.","authors":"Dale R Wagner, Elizabeth A Cafferty, Sara A Harper, Michael N Vakula","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003651","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared %BF US with %BF 4C in young adult athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>University club sport athletes (86 women, 138 men) from a variety of teams participated. ADP, DXA, and bioimpedance spectroscopy were used to measure body volume, bone mineral content, and total body water, respectively, for the 4C model. Ultrasound measurements were taken at three sites to estimate %BF US . Comparisons between %BF US and %BF 4C were evaluated with Pearson correlation, paired t -test, linear regression, equivalence testing, and plots of individual errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the combined sample of men and women ( N = 224), the two methods were highly correlated ( r = 0.93) with a constant error (CE) of 0.8% BF ( P < 0.001) and standard error of estimate (SEE) of 3.0% BF. The 90% confidence intervals of the mean difference (0.47 to 1.17) were well within the ±2% BF limits for equivalence testing, and no bias was evident from the error plot. However, equivalence testing failed to remain inside the ±2% BF range for women, and the prediction errors for women (CE = 1.9% BF, P < 0.001, SEE = 3.2% BF) were larger than for men (CE = 0.1% BF, P = 0.597, SEE = 2.8% BF).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the %BF US errors were low, suggesting that A-mode ultrasound is a valid field measure of %BF for young adult athletes. Accuracy is better for men than women.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1239-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study on Muscle Stiffness Identified Novel Locus for Predisposition to Muscle Strain Injury.","authors":"Eri Miyamoto-Mikami, Hirofumi Zempo, Hiroshi Kumagai, Kosuke Hirata, Mizuki Takaragawa, Toshinori Yoshihara, Mizuho Fuku, Naoki Kikuchi, Nobuhiro Kamiya, Naokazu Miyamoto, Noriyuki Fuku","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003661","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to screen the entire genome for genetic variants associated with passive muscle stiffness, which has been suggested as a risk factor for muscle strain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This genome-wide association study (GWAS) on passive muscle stiffness included 350 physically active young Japanese individuals. Three hamstring constituents were measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Skeletal muscle transcriptomes were compared across the genotypes of GWAS-identified variants in 48 healthy Japanese individuals. Association between GWAS-identified variants and history of muscle strain injury was examined in 1428 Japanese athletes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two loci on chromosome 11 demonstrated a genome-wide significant association with passive muscle stiffness of the biceps femoris long head (rs12807854 T/C: P = 5.19 × 10 -10 , rs78405694 T/C: P = 2.09 × 10 -8 ; linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and stretching exercise habits). Skeletal muscle RNA sequencing revealed significantly elevated expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in muscles carrying stiffness-increasing alleles of these variants. Among athletes, rs12807854 T/C was significantly associated with a history of muscle strain injury ( P = 0.0254; logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, competitive level, and main sport). Carriers of the C allele, associated with increased muscle stiffness, exhibited a heightened risk of muscle strain injury (odds ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-2.47 per C allele increase). By contrast, rs78405694 did not show a significant association with muscle strain injury in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A novel locus associated with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury was identified. Elucidating the detailed mechanisms linking the identified locus to passive muscle stiffness may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent muscle strain injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1202-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}