Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Structured Treadmill Training as a Strategy to Mitigate Tumor Growth and Preserve Adipose Tissue and Muscle Strength in Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice.","authors":"Arthur Dieumegard, Suzanne Dufresne, Cindy Richard, Luz Orfila, Brice Martin, Laurent Rouvière, Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira, Mikaël Croyal, Romain Mathieu, Amélie Rébillard","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003675","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise is widely recognized for providing numerous benefits to prostate cancer (PCa) survivors. Numerous preclinical studies have investigated the role of exercise on tumor progression, but results are often controversial, largely due to variations in experimental protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the comprehensive effects of exercise on PCa were evaluated with two different aerobic exercises, forced and structured exercise training (ET) on treadmill, and voluntary wheel running (VWR). Human PCa PPC-1 cells or PBS was injected into athymic nude mice, randomized into four groups: healthy, cancer control (CaCTL), cancer with exercise training (CaET), and cancer with voluntary wheel running (CaVWR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ET significantly reduced tumor growth (290.38 ± 75.43 mm 3 ) compared with CaCTL mice (374.84 ± 86.15 mm 3 , P = 0.0227). ET also regulated plasma IL-6 concentration, protected against cancer-induced adipose tissue loss (CaCTL = 171.21 ± 86.73 mg, CaET = 341.71 ± 137.24 mg; P = 0.0295) and preserved strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g, CaET = 137.32 ± 6.39 g; P = 0.0018). However, ET did not protect against cancer-induced muscle mass loss (CaCTL = 175.06 ± 18.07 mg, CaET = 181.41 ± 14.59 mg). In contrast, VWR did not provide similar benefits on the assessed cancer-related outcomes, aside from preserving muscle strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g, CaVWR = 134.59 ± 7.01 g; P = 0.0204).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ET represented an effective strategy against PCa by limiting tumor growth, but also by mitigating inflammation and adipose tissue loss and preserving muscle strength, whereas VWR only provided limited benefits. The exercise parameters are emerging as a critical factor in combating PCa, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1452-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-Free Voluntary Exercise Promotes Prophylactic Enhancement of Stress Resilience via the Nucleus Reuniens Affecting the Medial Prefrontal Cortex-Hippocampal Pathway.","authors":"Dong-Joo Hwang, Joon-Yong Cho","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003672","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stress is a risk factor for psychiatric illnesses. However, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop affective disorders. We examined whether pretreatment with stress-free voluntary wheel running (VWR) exercise prophylactically enhances stress resilience in rodents and how it can effectively prevent the development of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old C57BL6/J mice were housed in cages with VWR and subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRST) for 2 h daily for 14 d. The mice were assessed for depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and a behavioral matrix (k-means clustering) was introduced to segregate the mice into susceptible and resilient subpopulations. Chemogenetic inhibition and retrograde tracing were used to map the neural circuits involved in VWR's resilience-enhancing properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After CRST exposure, 71.50% of CRST mice with VWR were stress resilient, with less stress-induced prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and corticosterone (CORT) response, representing a 57.20% increase compared with CRST-only mice. Staining for c-Fos showed that VWR activated predominantly hippocampal GABAergic neurons and suppressed the activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Chemogenetic inhibition of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) dissipated the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of VWR pretreatment. In addition, the nucleus reuniens was implicated in VWR's resilience-enhancing properties, relaying reciprocal interactions of the mPFC-vHPC pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that stress-free voluntary exercise may be an effective modality for stress management and warrant further investigation into its resilience-enhancing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1402-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized Cognitive Effort to Failure Does Not Affect Subsequent Strenuous Physical Performance.","authors":"Darías Holgado, Alice Cailleux, Paolo Ruggeri, Corinna Martarelli, Tristan A Bekinschtein, Daniel Sanabria, Nicolas Place","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003669","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between cognitive tasks and physical performance has garnered significant attention, with evidence suggesting that cognitive effort before exercise may impair physical performance. However, recent findings challenge the robustness of this effect, necessitating a reassessment of the mechanisms linking cognitive load to physical performance. This study introduces a novel approach to address methodological limitations, emphasizing individualized cognitive task difficulty and duration. Using techniques such as temporal experience tracing and psychophysiological monitoring, we explore the dynamics between cognitive effort, subjective states, and physical performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a preregistered, randomized, within-participant design experiment, 21 recreational athletes completed a running time to exhaustion test at 90% of their maximal aerobic speed after performing a cognitive task until failure or watching a self-selected documentary. Pupillometry and six subjective dimensions were measured with the temporal experience tracing during task performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 1) subjective changes during effortful tasks are not limited to a single experience, such as mental fatigue or boredom, but can be grouped into distinct patterns; 2) the individualized and demanding cognitive task, completed before exercise, did not impair subsequent physical performance; 3) pupil size reliably reflected cognitive load and is partially related to changes in subjective states, while fixation on the stimulus decreased over time, especially during high-demand periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results do not support the effect of performing a highly demanding cognitive task on subsequent strenuous physical performance. Instead, they reveal the richness of the subjective experience linked to cognitive performance that goes beyond mere mental fatigue. Overall, we show a novel way to understand the interplay between cognitive and physical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1603-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated with White Matter Volume in Post-9/11 Veterans.","authors":"Madeleine K Nowak, James W Whitworth, Francesca C Fortenbaugh, William P Milberg, Catherine B Fortier, David H Salat","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003678","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship of physical activity levels on white matter volume in post-9/11 veterans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of post-9/11 veterans enrolled in the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) longitudinal study at VA Boston Healthcare System. Participants were retrospectively categorized into two groups: a vigorous group of veterans who participated in vigorous-intensity physical activity ( n = 84) and a no vigorous group of veterans who reported no participation of vigorous-intensity physical activity ( n = 62). Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and veterans underwent quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging to obtain regional white matter volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis revealed trends of greater white matter volume throughout brain regions associated with cognitive functions and emotional regulation in the vigorous group compared with the no vigorous group. Following correction for multiple comparison, significant differences between groups were found in the right ( P -corrected = 0.049) and left ( P -corrected = 0.049) precuneus. Furthermore, an interaction analysis showed that the difference in white matter volume between vigorous and nonvigorous activity groups was more pronounced in individuals with PTSD compared with those without PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data offer new insights suggesting that vigorous physical activity is associated with neural benefits in veterans with PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi on Multiple Brain Networks Structure-Function Couplings in Individuals with Subthreshold Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jingsong Wu, Zhihan Liu, Baoru Zhao, Youze He, Jian Song, Yudie Hu, Tiecheng Wu","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003688","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Subthreshold depression represents a prodromal stage of major depressive disorder and may be associated with abnormalities in brain structural and functional networks. While studies have shown that mind-body exercises such as Tai Chi can alleviate subthreshold depression, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Tai Chi for improving subthreshold depression from the perspective of structure-function coupling of brain networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial enrolled 112 individuals with subthreshold depression, randomly assigning them to either the Tai Chi group or a waitlist control group. Participants in the Tai Chi group received three 60-min training sessions per week for 12 wk. Outcome measures included assessments of negative mood symptoms, such as depression and stress, as well as structural and functional brain imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After accounting for the dropout of nine participants, a total of 103 individuals were included in the final statistical analysis. Compared with the control group, participants in the Tai Chi group exhibited significant reductions in depression, stress, and anxiety scores. Network analyses revealed a decrease in structure-function coupling and characteristic path length within the frontoparietal network following Tai Chi practice. Further nodal analyses indicated a significant reduction in nodal degree and efficiency in the left prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus, while increases were observed in the right lateral prefrontal cortex. Partial correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between right prefrontal efficiency and anxiety scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The benefits of Tai Chi on subthreshold depression may be related to modulating the structure-function coupling of the frontoparietal network and increasing nodal efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1422-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protocol to Establish Exercise Intensity Domains for Aerobic Exercise Training in Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Robin Faricier, Randi R Keltz, Tim Hartley, Nathan Mackay, Juan M Murias, Ashlay A Huitema, Robert S McKelvie, Neville G Suskin, Daniel A Keir","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003684","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/purpose: </strong>The oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 )-power output (PO) relationship from incremental exercise needs to be adjusted to accurately prescribe constant-intensity exercise training. We assessed the accuracy of a \"step-ramp-step\" (SRS) protocol for prescribing constant PO exercise within moderate-intensity (below estimated lactate threshold, θ LT ), heavy-intensity (between θ LT and respiratory compensation point, RCP), and severe-intensity (above RCP) domains in 14 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SRS protocol included the following: 6 min of cycling at 25-40 W, a ramp-incremental test until task failure (5-15 W · min -1 ), and, after a 20 min recovery, 12 min of cycling at ~50%-60% of peak ramp PO. On separate days, patients performed three domain-specific constant PO exercises at 80% θ LT (moderate intensity [MOD]), 70% of the difference between θ LT and RCP (heavy intensity [HVY]), and 115% RCP (severe intensity [SEV]). Measured V̇O 2 values for MOD and HVY were compared with those predicted using either SRS-corrected or uncorrected approaches and, for SEV, were compared with peak ramp V̇O 2 .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PO values for MOD, HVY, and SEV were 53 ± 27, 96 ± 50, and 116 ± 56 W, respectively, eliciting V̇O 2 of 1012 ± 362, 1541 ± 638, and 1944 ± 744 mL·min -1 . The SRS-corrected predictions did not differ from measured V̇O 2 for MOD (-25 ± 61 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.201) or HVY (-40 ± 89 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.208), whereas uncorrected predictions underestimated V̇O 2 by -128 ± 72 mL·min -1 ( P = 0.002) and -199 ± 99 mL·min -1 ( P = 0.001) in MOD and HVY, respectively. Peak V̇O 2 from SEV did not differ from the ramp (1906 ± 766 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.759).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In CAD, the V̇O 2 -PO relationship from incremental exercise must be corrected to prescribe constant-intensity training. The SRS protocol is an accurate approach to ensure prescriptive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1593-1602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Physiological Effects of Race Pace-Based Versus Heart Rate Variability-Guided Training Prescription in Runners.","authors":"Luis Eduardo Ranieri, Arturo Casado, Diana Martin, Daniel Trujillo-Colmena, Alexander Gil-Arias, Mark Kenneally, Alfonso Jiménez","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003671","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare performance and physiological effects, and inter-individual response variation in performance and its physiological determinants between heart rate-based (HR), race pace-based (RP), and heart rate variability-based (HRV) training prescription approaches in recreational distance runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight participants completed a 6-wk endurance training intervention after being randomly assigned to three groups: HR ( n = 9), RP ( n = 9), and HRV ( n = 10) training prescription approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No interaction effects between groups were observed. Main time effects were found for absolute and relative maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max ), running economy (RE), speeds associated with the first (sVT1) and second ventilatory thresholds (sVT2), and 7-km time trial performance (TT) ( P < 0.001, 0.88 ≤ d ≤ 2.67). The RP group improved TT ( P < 0.05, effect size = 1.07), showing greater effectiveness in enhancing maximal aerobic speed and fat mass reduction, but did not consistently improve physiological parameters like sVT2 or RE. The HRV method increased sVT2 ( P < 0.01, effect size = 1.34) and was more successful in boosting sVT1 and V̇O 2max , although it resulted in an increase in fat mass. Training load was similar between groups ( P > 0.05), and a pyramidal training intensity distribution model was found in all groups. The lowest inter-individual response variation in TT was found in the RP group (coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.82), whereas the HRV group demonstrated a lower variation in relative V̇O 2max (CV = 0.75) and sVT2 (CV = 0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RP approach is an effective and useful training prescription method for optimizing performance in recreational runners, whereas the HRV method proves valuable for enhancing key physiological markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1510-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Pragmatic Exercise Intervention Pilot Study on Preventing Functional and Physical Decline in Hospitalized Older Adults.","authors":"Eva Peyrusqué, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat, Ali Filali-Mouhim, Nathalie Veillette, Raquel Fonseca, Marie-Josée Sirois, Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003687","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although physical activity (PA) has the potential to prevent iatrogenic disability, it is rarely integrated into usual care. We evaluated whether M aintenance of A utonomy T hrough exer C ise in H ospital Setting tool (MATCH), a pragmatic unsupervised exercise intervention, could help prevent physical and functional decline in hospitalized older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-randomized trial (ClinicalTrials #NCT04078334) was conducted involving 100 hospitalized patients, who were allocated to either the usual care + MATCH group (MG; n = 62) or the usual care only group (CG; n = 38). MATCH is an unsupervised PA program guided by a decision tree (3 exercises/session; 3×/day). Outcomes were assessed at admission and discharge: 1) primary outcome: functional capacities (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]); 2) secondary outcomes: handgrip strength, walking speed, functional mobility (3-m Timed-Up-and-Go [TUG]), leg muscle power (30-s chair-test), need for home care support, and functional autonomy in both instrumental and basic activities of daily living (ADL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At admission, groups were similar, except for nutritional status ( P = 0.047). There were no significant differences between groups for the primary outcome (SPPB: MG:+1.5 ± 1.9 vs CG:+1.0 ± 1.4/12pts, P = 0.25). However, the MG showed greater improvements in handgrip strength (MG:+1.7 ± 3.9 vs CG:-0.15 ± 3.0 kg, P = 0.02) and had a lower need for home care support at discharge (MG:44.3% vs CG:65.8%, P = 0.041). A higher proportion of MG participants improved to being at no risk of falling (TUG<14 s), achieved good functional capacity (SPPB ≥10/12: +6.6%), increased leg muscle power (women: <2.1/men: <2.6(W·kg -1 BW): -15.1%), and improved walking speed (<0.6 m·s -1 , -30.6%) compared with the CG. Clinically meaningful improvements in ADL (+82.7%) were observed only in the MG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining usual care with the MATCH intervention appears more effective than usual care alone in preventing physical and functional decline and reducing the need for home care support at discharge. Larger-scale efficacy studies are needed to confirm these promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1570-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Footwear Technology, But Not Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester, Improves Running Economy in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners.","authors":"Aidan J Brady, Megan B Moynagh, Simon Devenney, Brendan Egan","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003682","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the separate and combined effects of advanced footwear technology and acute ingestion of a ketone monoester on running economy (RE), time to exhaustion, and other metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a four-condition, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, 18 middle- and long-distance runners (male/female = 10/8, V̇O 2peak = 59.4 ± 7.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) completed five 8-min stages of submaximal running (male = 10-14 km⋅h -1 , female = 9-13 km⋅h -1 ) on a motorized treadmill, immediately followed by a ramp test to volitional exhaustion. Participants consumed 500 mL of either a 10% carbohydrate solution (CHO) or 500 mg·kg -1 body mass of an (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ketone monoester with flavored water (KME) 20 min before exercise, and an additional 300 mL of the 10% carbohydrate solution or 250 mg·kg -1 body mass of KME during exercise, while wearing either Nike Pegasus Turbo (PEG) or Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 3 (VAP) running shoes. The four randomized conditions were PEG + CHO, PEG + KME, VAP + CHO, and VAP + KME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RE was significantly improved during the third and the fourth submaximal running stages in VAP + CHO and VAP + KME compared with PEG + CHO and PEG + KME (all P < 0.05, ES = 0.53-0.84). RE was also improved during the fifth submaximal running stage in VAP + KME compared with PEG + CHO, and in VAP + CHO and VAP + KME compared with PEG + KME (all P < 0.05, ES = 0.56-0.66). No differences in RE were found between CHO and KME conditions. Time to exhaustion was significantly longer in VAP + CHO (381 ± 125 s) than PEG + CHO (356 ± 140 s, P = 0.023, ES = 0.18) and PEG + KME (329 ± 131 s, P < 0.001, ES = 0.40) and in VAP + KME (375 ± 125 s) than PEG + KME ( P < 0.001, ES = 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced footwear technology, but not the acute ingestion of a ketone monoester, improved the RE of trained male and female middle- and long-distance runners at submaximal running speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1559-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Peak Oxygen Uptake Monitoring in High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes False Responder Rates Compared with Pre- to Posttesting.","authors":"Manuel Matzka, Lukas Lauber, Mascha Lenk, Florian Engel, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003677","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the intra- and interindividual time courses of physiological adaptation to high-intensity interval training, comparing single and duplicate pre- to posttesting with session-by-session analysis to more accurately identify \"genuine\" adaptations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen participants (nine men) engaged in repeated 4 × 4 min high-intensity interval training sessions (2 times per week) until a meaningful change in the primary outcome, i.e., relative peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ), was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant improvement for V̇O 2peak for both session-by-session (estimate: 0.18, P < 0.01, d = 0.11) analysis and duplicate pre- to postanalysis (estimate: 3.97, P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.36). Session-by-session analysis revealed significant variability in physiological responses, with a low coefficient of variation (CV) for V̇O 2peak (3.49% + 1.96%) and estimated maximum stroke volume (SV max ) (3.07% ± 1.92%), and indicating their reliability for detecting small changes. With a CV of 22.14% ± 13.80%, submaximal blood lactate ([BLa] submax ) was the least reliable parameter. With session-by-session analysis, V̇O 2peak was the only parameter displaying 100% positive responders after 9.5 ± 3.8 sessions. Additionally, session-by-session analysis revealed lower proportions of participants with positive adaptations for submaximal V̇O 2 and SV max but higher proportions for submaximal respiratory exchange ratio and rating of perceived exertion compared with pre- to postanalysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the value of longitudinal assessments for understanding the variability and dynamics of training adaptations. By addressing the limitations of pre- to postevaluations, the findings emphasize the importance of frequent monitoring to accurately capture individual responses, thereby advancing strategies for optimizing exercise interventions across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1354-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}