Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"BEETter AGING: Short-Term Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Enhances Muscle Contractile Properties in Older But Not in Young Adults.","authors":"Letizia Rasica, Marta Colosio, Alessandra Ferri, Giovanni Baldassarre, Chris Easton, Mia Burleigh, Gianluca Vernillo, Roberto Bottinelli, Mauro Marzorati, Simone Porcelli","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003708","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dietary nitrate (NO 3- ) supplementation has been shown to improve skeletal muscle contractile function and reduce fatigue, potentially due to alterations in skeletal muscle Ca 2+ handling/sensitivity. Because aging muscle can have impaired Ca 2+ handling, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary NO 3- supplementation on muscle contractile properties in young and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven older (69 ± 4 yr, O) and 11 young (26 ± 2 yr, YG) adults consumed either NO 3- -rich beetroot juice (BR) or placebo (PLA), for 7 d. After supplementations, plantar flexors of dominant leg were evaluated as follow: a) maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), b) potentiated single twitches (Tw pot ) and double twitches electrical stimulations at the frequency of 100 Hz (Db 100 ) on the tibial posterior nerve, c) a fatigue isometric (70% of MVIC) test until exhaustion. The force-frequency relationship was assessed with trains of electrical pulses across a wide range of frequencies on the muscle belly of the nondominant leg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BR supplementation increased plasma [NO 3- ] and nitrite [NO 2- ] in both O and YG compared with PLA (more than sevenfold; all P ≤ 0.02). No changes were observed in MVC, Tw pot , and Db 100 force after BR compared with PLA in both YG and O. Only in O, Db 100 area under the curve (-7 ± 6 N·s change from PLA) and half relaxation time (-0.05 ± 0.06 s change from PLA) were significantly reduced, and time to exhaustion (+32 ± 43 s change from PLA) was significantly longer (all P < 0.02) after BR. In O, BR also significantly increased submaximal force produced by trains of electrical pulses ( P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NO 3- supplementation positively affects muscle contractile proprieties, submaximal electrically evoked force production, and fatigue resistance in older adults, whereas these positive results were not found in young.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1721-1731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulations Reveal how Touchdown Kinematic Variables affect Top Sprinting Speed: Implications for Coaching.","authors":"Nicos Haralabidis, Ashton J Eaton, Scott L Delp, Jennifer L Hicks","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003797","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sprint performance is a priority for coaches and athletes. Several kinematic variables, including horizontal touchdown distance (HTD) and inter-knee touchdown distance (IKTD), are targeted by coaches to increase top sprinting speed. However, the results of past research are conflicting, potentially due to the use of experimental inter-athlete study designs where it is not possible to establish cause-effect relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used a predictive simulation approach to assess cause-effect relationships between HTD and IKTD and sprinting speed. We scaled a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model to match the anthropometry of an international caliber male sprinter and generated predictive simulations of a single symmetric step of top-speed sprinting using a direct collocation optimal control framework. We first used our simulation framework to establish the model's top speed with minimal constraints on touchdown kinematics (the optimal simulation). Then, in additional simulations we enforced specific HTD or IKTD values (± 2, 4 and 6 cm compared to optimal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a top speed of 11.85 m·s -1 in the optimal simulation. Shortening HTD by 6 cm reduced speed by 7.3%, while lengthening HTD by 6 cm had a smaller impact on speed, with a 1.6% reduction. Speed in the simulation was insensitive to the IKTD changes we tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our simulations indicate there is an optimal HTD to maximize sprinting speed, providing support for coaches and athletes to adjust this technique variable. Conversely, our results do not provide evidence to support utilizing IKTD as a key technique variable for speed enhancement. We share the simulation framework so researchers can explore the effects of additional modifications on sprinting performance ( https://github.com/nicos1993/Pred_Sim_Sprinting ).</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Cognitive Function during Retirement Transition: Longitudinal Compositional Data Analysis.","authors":"Lotta Palmberg, Kristin Suorsa, Tuija Leskinen, Jesse Pasanen, Suvi Rovio, Sari Stenholm","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transitioning to retirement may change physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, i.e., 24-h movement behaviors, but it is unknown whether these changes are linked to cognitive function. This study investigates the longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cognitive function during the retirement transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study population consisted of public sector workers (n = 147, mean age 63.3 years, SD 1.0) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. A thigh-worn Axivity accelerometer was used to estimate daily time in sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) before and after retirement (one year in-between). Similarly, computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was conducted repeatedly to evaluate six cognitive domains: learning and memory, working memory, sustained attention and information processing, executive function and cognitive flexibility, and reaction time. Associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cognitive function were analyzed using compositional linear regression and isotemporal substitution analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in active (LPA and MVPA) relative to passive behaviors (sleep and SED) and SED relative to sleep were associated with improvement in reaction time (βilr = 0.21, p = 0.04, βilr = 0.55, p = 0.02). Especially reallocating time from sleep to other behaviors showed positive associations. For instance, reallocating 30 min from sleep to other behaviors was associated with 0.05 standardized unit improvement in reaction time. No associations between changes in movement behaviors and changes in any other cognitive domain were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reallocating time from sleep to other behaviors during retirement transition was associated with improvement in reaction time. Further studies are needed to examine long-term consequences of changes in 24-h movement behaviors for cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Composition, Not Body Mass Index, Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes Following ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Ashley N Buck, Sam R Moore, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Todd A Schwartz, Amanda E Nelson, Hope Davis-Wilson, J Troy Blackburn, Brian Pietrosimone","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003670","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Determine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and body composition (lean and fat mass) with i ) patient-reported outcomes, ii ) quadriceps strength, and iii ) physical performance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four individuals participated (56% female; 22 ± 4 yr; % body fat: 22.9% ± 6.7%). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure percent lean (%LM) and fat (%FM) mass for the whole-body, and the whole-limb and thigh region of the ACLR limb. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) subscales were used to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. Isometric quadriceps strength (maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer with the knee flexed at 90°. Single-leg hop (SLH) distance was used to evaluate physical performance. Spearman rank correlations were used to separately evaluate the associations between BMI and body composition with KOOS, MVIC, and SLH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI was not significantly associated with KOOS, MVIC, or SLH ( P > 0.05). Greater whole-body %LM was associated with greater MVIC and SLH, whereas greater whole-body %FM was associated with worse KOOS Activities of Daily Life, MVIC, and SLH ( P < 0.05). Greater whole-limb %LM was associated with greater MVIC, whereas greater whole-limb %FM was associated with worse KOOS Symptoms, Pain, Quality of Life, and MVIC ( P < 0.05). Greater thigh %LM was associated with better KOOS Symptoms and MVIC, and greater thigh %FM was associated with worse KOOS Symptoms, Pain, Quality of Life, and MVIC ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body composition characteristics of higher %LM and lower %FM were associated with better clinical outcomes in ACLR patients of normal BMI status, thereby elucidating a potential modifiable target to mitigate poor ACLR-related outcomes. Future research should further evaluate mechanistic links between body composition and ACLR-related outcomes to inform clinical practice and rehabilitation frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Work in Humid Heat Impairs Postural Balance during Simulated Construction Tasks at Height.","authors":"Beverly Wei Lin Tan, Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad, Gerald Zheng Yang Tan, Pearl Min Sze Tan, Bruno Lemke, Jason Kai Wei Lee","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003666","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Occupational heat strain can impair construction workers' motor and cognitive functions, potentially leading to accidents, injuries and lowered productivity. We examined the effects of physical work under various warm and humid tropical conditions on performance in virtual reality (VR)-based construction tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen healthy men (age: 29 ± 5 yr) completed three randomized, counterbalanced experimental trials comprising ~2.5 h of exposure to wet-bulb globe temperatures of 24.6°C ± 0.2°C (COOL), 28.1°C ± 0.3°C (WARM), and 32.4°C ± 0.3°C (HOT), representing Singapore's current (COOL and WARM) and projected (HOT) conditions. Participants performed three 30-min bouts of treadmill walking at fixed metabolic heat productions representing light (EX1: 250 W), moderate (EX2: 350 W), and heavy (EX3: 450 W) workloads, each separated by completion of a battery of VR-based construction tasks (welding and plank-walking at height). Task speed and accuracy, postural sway, and gait were recorded during the VR tasks, whereas body core ( Tc ) and mean skin temperatures ( Tsk ), and heart rate were recorded continuously.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Posttrial T c was higher in HOT (38.6°C ± 0.4°C) compared with WARM (38.1°C ± 0.3°C; P < 0.001) and COOL (37.9°C ± 0.3°C; P < 0.001), whereas mean Tsk ( P < 0.001) and heart rate ( P < 0.001) differed between all conditions (HOT > WARM > COOL). Task speed and accuracy during welding and plank-walking were similar between conditions (all P > 0.05). However, postural sway velocity during welding increased (by 2.08 ± 2.5 mm·s -1 ; P < 0.05) from baseline to posttrial in HOT but not in WARM or COOL (both P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although task performance was maintained across environments, postural balance during an attention-demanding task (welding) was impaired following physical work in Singapore's projected environmental conditions, which could increase the risk of potentially fatal accidents and injuries (e.g., falling from height). Effective workplace interventions are needed to protect workers' health, safety, and productivity against future warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1579-1592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ice Slurry Mitigates Hyperventilation and Cerebral Hypoperfusion, and May Enhance Endurance Performance in the Heat.","authors":"Akira Katagiri, Syuntaro Kawai, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Naoto Fujii","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003662","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation and associated cerebral hypoperfusion, both of which may limit endurance performance in the heat. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pre-exercise ice slurry ingestion may mitigate hyperventilation and cerebral hypoperfusion during exercise in the heat, enhancing endurance performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy men ingested 7.5 g·kg -1 body weight of ice slurry (Ice) or the same solution at 37°C (Con) within 30 min. Thereafter, the participants performed cycle exercise for 30 min at 55% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (35°C), followed by a cycle exercise at 90% of peak oxygen uptake until exhaustion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Esophageal, rectal, and gastrointestinal temperatures were lower throughout moderate-intensity exercise in the Ice than the Con trial (all P < 0.05). Correspondingly, minute ventilation was lower and cerebral blood flow index was higher in the Ice trial (both P ≤ 0.042, main effects of trial). Subjective severity of diarrhea and stomachache was increased in the Ice versus Con trial (both P ≤ 0.041, main effects of trial). The duration of high-intensity exercise was not statistically different between the two trials ( P = 0.160), although 8 out of the 10 participants exercised for a longer duration in the Ice trial, with a moderate effect size ( r = 0.47). Based on z -scores and Grubbs' test, one outlier, who exhibited an extreme increase in ventilation and gastrointestinal complaints following ice slurry ingestion, showed a marked reduction in exercise duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-exercise ice slurry ingestion alleviates hyperventilation and cerebral hypoperfusion during submaximal exercise in the heat and potentially improves subsequent high-intensity endurance performance, although the adverse effects associated with ice slurry ingestion might hinder the ergogenic effect in some individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1488-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Parameters and Adaptations That Mediate Walking Capacity Gains from High-Intensity Gait Training Poststroke.","authors":"Pierce Boyne, Allison Miller, Sarah M Schwab-Farrell, Heidi Sucharew, Daniel Carl, Sandra A Billinger, Darcy S Reisman","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003691","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Locomotor high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve walking capacity (speed and endurance) more than moderate-intensity aerobic training (MAT) after stroke, but it is unclear which training parameter(s) should be prioritized (e.g., speed, heart rate, blood lactate, step count) and to what extent walking capacity gains are the result of gait changes versus cardiorespiratory adaptations. This study aimed to assess which training parameters and longitudinal adaptations most strongly mediate 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) gains from poststroke HIIT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HIT-Stroke Trial randomized 55 persons with chronic stroke and walking limitations to HIIT or MAT, each involving overground and treadmill walking, 45 min, 3 times per week for 12 wk. HIIT used short maximum speed intervals, targeting >60% heart rate reserve (HRR). MAT targeted 40%-60% HRR. Blinded outcomes included 6MWD, short-distance gait function (e.g., fastest 10-m gait speed), and aerobic capacity (e.g., ventilatory threshold). This ancillary analysis used structural equation models to compare mediating effects of different training parameters and longitudinal adaptations on 6MWD changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Net gains in 6MWD from HIIT versus MAT were primarily mediated by faster training speeds (+57 m, P < 0.0001) and longitudinal gait adaptations (+37 m, P = 0.0005). Training step count was also positively associated with 6MWD gains but was lower with HIIT versus MAT, which decreased the net 6MWD gain from HIIT (-14 m, P = 0.02). HIIT generated higher training heart rate and lactate than MAT, but aerobic capacity gains were similar between groups, and 6MWD changes were not associated with training heart rate, training lactate, or aerobic adaptations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To increase walking capacity with poststroke HIIT, training speed and step count appear to be the most important parameters to prioritize.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1285-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Ligament Moment Arms Scale with Epicondylar Width and Might Contribute to Ligament Injuries in Females.","authors":"Nynke B Rooks, Marco T Y Schneider, Thor F Besier","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003667","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Females are prone to knee ligament injuries compared with males. Moment arms describe the mechanical advantage of ligaments to stabilize the knee from injurious moments. Compared with males of the same stature, females have a smaller femoral epicondylar width, which we hypothesized would reduce their knee joint ligament moment arms in the frontal plane.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To calculate varus-valgus ligament moment arms, we created 26 patient-specific finite element models (17F; 9M) and simulated an axial load of half body weight. Tibial cartilage contact pressures were obtained and used to define the medial and lateral peak contact pressure, which were assumed to be the point of rotation in the frontal plane. The varus and valgus moment arms of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were calculated as the perpendicular distance between the point of peak contact pressure and the centroid of each ligament. Multiple linear regression models with sex, height, and epicondylar width as independent variables were produced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females had smaller varus-valgus ligament moment arms compared with males, with a mean difference of 7 to 9 mm observed by the MCL and LCL about the lateral and medial contact points, respectively (~12% smaller, P < 0.001). The female cohort exhibited ACL moment arms about the medial and lateral contact points that were ~4 mm less than the male cohort ( P < 0.05). Correlations between varus-valgus ligament moment arm and epicondylar width were found for all three ligaments using either the medial or lateral points of peak contact pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support our hypothesis that females have smaller varus-valgus ligament moment arms compared with males, which could contribute to the higher rate of female ligament injuries compared with males.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1376-1382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents.","authors":"Mónica Suárez-Reyes, Robbie A Beyl, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Amanda E Staiano","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003663","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the joint associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 participants (10-16 yr old). Measurements included accelerometer-measured MVPA and ST, anthropometrics, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. MVPA and ST were categorized as high or low based on median values (MVPA 27.7 min·d -1 , ST 597.7 min·d -1 ). General linear models assessed associations of MVPA and ST with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusted for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant inverse associations between MVPA and adiposity measures. Thus, participants in the low MVPA category, compared with those in the high category, had higher body mass index (BMI; 2.23 units), z -BMI (0.43 units), waist circumference (6.1 cm), fat mass (4.6 kg), body fat (3.9%), and visceral fat (0.13 L), indicating that higher MVPA is linked to healthier body composition. No significant associations were found between ST and adiposity. MVPA was also negatively associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, whereas ST showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need to prioritize increasing MVPA among adolescents to support healthy body composition and improve cardiometabolic health. Although ST did not show significant associations, it remains important to limit sedentary behaviors due to their potential contribution to negative health outcomes later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1319-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Sports Injuries across Menstrual Phases in Eumenorrheic and Abnormal Cycles in Japanese Female Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Miwako Suzuki-Yamanaka, Satoko Hashiba, Ryosuke Takahashi, Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga, Hiroki Iizawa, Naotaka Mamizuka","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003679","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the incidence of injuries among different menstrual phases in eumenorrheic cycles and abnormal menstrual cycles in female athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study recruited female athletes involved in collegiate, semiprofessional, or professional team sports. Participating athletes self-reported their menstruation during the follow-up period. Menstrual cycles were classified as polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and eumenorrhea. Eumenorrheic cycles were further divided into estimated follicular phase (EFP), estimated ovulatory phase (EOP), and estimated luteal phase (ELP). Time-loss injuries and sports participation status were recorded by team medical staff. Incidence rates for each cycle and phase category were calculated per 1000 athlete-days with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Incidence rate ratios were used to compare risks among cycle and phase categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 316 female athletes were analyzed over a median follow-up period of 337 d. The incidence rates during eumenorrheic, oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic, and polymenorrheic cycles were 3.10 (95% CI, 2.61-3.67), 2.11 (95% CI, 1.44-2.98), and 4.84 (95% CI, 2.77-7.86) per 1000 athlete-days, respectively. Among eumenorrheic phases, the highest incidence rate was in the EOP at 5.14 (95% CI, 3.26-7.7), followed by the EFP at 3.19 (95% CI, 2.47-4.04) and the ELP at 2.52 (95% CI, 1.85-3.35). The incidence rate ratios for EOP compared with EFP and ELP were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.004-2.586) and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.238-3.357), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Injury risk is significantly higher during the EOP compared with the EFP and ELP in eumenorrheic cycles. Injury incidence was found to be lower during oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic cycles than during eumenorrheic cycles. Future studies should explore the factors contributing to the heightened injury risk during the EOP and the observed reduction in injury rates during oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}