Measurement最新文献

{"title":"Helicopter turboshaft engines combustion chamber monitoring neural network method","authors":"Serhii Vladov ,&nbsp;Maryna Bulakh ,&nbsp;Denys Baranovskyi ,&nbsp;Valerii Sokurenko ,&nbsp;Oleksandr Muzychuk ,&nbsp;Victoria Vysotska","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article proposes an innovative method for helicopter turboshaft engines’ combustion chamber monitoring based on a neural network, significantly impacting the aircraft engines’ diagnostics and monitoring subject area. This article’s main contribution is to improve defect detections’ accuracy and timeliness, which in turn contributes to the aircraft equipment operations’ reliability and safety. The developed method, leveraging an enhanced adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) neuro-fuzzy network with Sugeno-Takagi inference, significantly improves defect detection accuracy and reduces diagnostic errors, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of flight operations. To implement it, the combustion chamber mathematical model was created based on the heat balance equation, which showed that the fuel combustion completeness coefficient is a diagnostic criterion for defects. It is mathematically substantiated that this coefficient determines combustion efficiency and directly affects thermal energy. The ANFIS with Sugeno-Takagi fuzzy inference architecture has been improved, making it possible to achieve the defects diagnosis and prediction accuracy of 99.65 %. The ANFIS neuro-fuzzy network with Sugeno-Takagi inference proposed in this work improves quality metrics for determining helicopter turboshaft engines’ combustion chamber defects, enhancing the fuel combustion completeness coefficient by 1.01 to 4.64 times. Experimental results show that optimal network training with a loss of 0.35 % is achieved in 60 epochs, which is 2.0 to 9.5 times faster than traditional algorithms (genetic algorithm, traditional backpropagation algorithm, traditional inverse gradient descending method, modified inverse gradient descending method, hybrid algorithm). The absence of hidden T-patterns in the fuel combustion completeness coefficient dynamics (the value does not exceed 10^–4) is also substantiated, confirming the proposed method’s high accuracy. The accumulated heat experimental surfaces’ dependences on the dynamics and fuel consumption were obtained, which makes it possible to analyze the defects’ influence on the combustion chamber’s thermal characteristics. The proposed ANFIS network use reduces the 1st and 2nd types’ errors by 1.44…6.15 times when determining combustion chamber defects compared to other architectures and classical methods, such as the least squares method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of feature association strategies in multi-target tracking based on light field images","authors":"JiaNing Zhu,&nbsp;MianZhao Wang,&nbsp;ZiXuan Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Jia,&nbsp;XinBo Geng,&nbsp;Fan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-object tracking (MOT) occupies an important position in the field of computer vision and has broad application prospects. One of the main challenges lies in extracting effective ReID features from complex scenes for data association. Complex scenes may cause targets to be detected but not tracked correctly. Light field cameras can simultaneously capture information from multiple viewing angles or light directions by using special optical components (such as microlens arrays) or sensor designs. Each pixel records the light entering the camera from different directions, allowing information from different viewing angles to be combined or reconstructed to form a complete image. To overcome this challenge, this paper utilizes light field cameras to acquire light field images and parse them into multi-view images. Through processing, the four-dimensional structure of the objects is mapped into epipolar plane images in specific directions. We designed an auto-encoder network to extract light field features from targets that were not successfully associated. In addition, we introduced a new strategy in the post-processing association stage of multi-target tracking by integrating the light field features into the general multi-target tracking framework as complementary features in the data association process. We have done a series of comparison and ablation experiments, and our multi-target tracking method achieves 86.4% of MOTA and 68.5% of HOTA in the same scenario, which is a better result compared to other SOTA tracking methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-line detection of salt formation during vitrification using millimeter wave radiometry and interferometry","authors":"John M. Bussey ,&nbsp;Ian A. Wells ,&nbsp;Natalie J. Smith-Gray ,&nbsp;John S. McCloy","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitrification is an internationally significant industrial process used for the treatment and immobilization of hazardous and radioactive waste. For successful silicate melt vitrification, molten salt formation during melter operation must be avoided. As such, proper process controls and continuous monitoring are critical to minimizing melting problems. Several in-situ process technologies for glass melters are well-developed; however, the lack of in-situ surface salt formation detection methods presents a risk to vitrification at the Waste Treatment &amp; Immobilization Plant (WTP) on the US Hanford Site. While proposed previously, millimeter wave (MMW) radiometry and interferometry are demonstrated for the first time for in-line detection of salt formation in simulated nuclear waste glass melts. The experimental radiometer and interferometer setup uses the optical properties of the melt and a dual receiver operating at ∼ 137 GHz to elucidate melting behavior. A series of previously characterized glasses supersaturated with sulfate (Na₂SO₄), chloride (NaCl), or fluoride (NaF) salts are analyzed using the MMW system. This provides insight into volatile losses, fining, salt formation, salt identity, crystallization, and optical properties of a heterogeneous melt. Relevant terahertz (MMW/THz) optical properties are also compiled. Millimeter wave measurements are evaluated here for the ability to detect phase changes in salt-forming glass melt compositions without opaque body radiometry assumptions. This contribution demonstrates MMW radiometry with interferometry as a useful method for in-situ salt detection, enabling risk reduction in nuclear waste vitrification melters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MP-KAN: An effective magnetic positioning algorithm based on Kolmogorov-Arnold network","authors":"Zibo Gao,&nbsp;Ming Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic Positioning (MP) technology represents a novel approach to locating spatial particles, notably medical capsules, wherein the inherently weak and susceptible-to-interference magnetic signals pose stringent demands on spatial positioning algorithms. Traditional methods are usually limited to polynomial fitting, which limits the generalization of the algorithm and the positioning accuracy of the near field part. In this paper, we introduce a magnetic positioning algorithm grounded in the Kolmogorov-Arnold network (MP-KAN), innovatively introduces the neural network method into the magnetic positioning system, providing a novel research idea for the positioning algorithm. Distinguishing from the learnable weight parameters inherent in the traditional model, the KAN network introduces a learnable activation function formulated through spline functions. This innovation enhances model accuracy by leveraging multiple spline curves and executing summation operations at nodes to facilitate regression predictions. Furthermore, the residual of the predicted position and the L1-parameter in the KAN layer and its entropy regularization are used as the prediction loss, and thresholds are strategically set at the network nodes to enhance the generalization ability of the model and obtain the optimal configuration. The proposed method achieves the goal of improving the positioning accuracy of the system while ensuring that the algorithm has a nearly constant positioning accuracy regardless of the distance between the target and the measurement system. The results of an experimental demonstrate that the maximum positioning error within the data set stands at 0.24 mm, the maximum relative error is 5.72 %, the minimum relative error is 0.25 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 116248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous measurement of roll and pitch angular displacements based on polarization interferometry","authors":"Ju-Yi Lee,&nbsp;Shu-Han Chang,&nbsp;Wun-Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents an innovative approach for measuring roll and pitch angular displacements simultaneously by using dual-beam polarization interferometer. Dual beams incident on the birefringent crystal induce phase differences variation due to the birefringent crystal’s roll and pitch angular displacements. Developing a polarization interferometer and phase analysis techniques, this system can measure the phase differences variation to determine the roll and pitch angular displacements. This approach extends the limited measurement range of existing interferometers to several degrees. Following uncertainty evaluation, the proposed system achieved a roll angle and pitch angle resolution of 2.5 arcsec and 21.6 arcsec, respectively. This paper also discusses the issue of nonlinear periodic error and the system’s sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state-of-the-art-review of underground concrete sewage pipelines detection technologies","authors":"Ying Ma ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Gao Xin ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Lei ,&nbsp;Xueming Du ,&nbsp;Niannian Wang ,&nbsp;Danyang Di","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete sewage pipelines constitute a critical component of urban underground lifeline systems within cities. However, due to congenital deficiencies (poor pipe quality, inadequate planning, and design, rough construction on site, etc.) and acquired loss of maintenance (multi-load and multi-defect coupling, complex geological and hydrological conditions, and outdated management approaches, etc.), the concrete sewage pipelines in early service suffer from serious aging and deterioration. Regular detection of these pipelines is crucial to timely assess their condition, which serves as a fundamental decision-making tool for utility management to identify maintenance opportunities and develop plans. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art review non-destructive detection techniques for concrete sewage pipelines, including quick view (QV), closed-circuit television (CCTV), sonar, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and panoramic laser. The principles, technical characteristics, advantages, drawbacks, evaluation methods, and application scenarios of each detection method are summarized and compared to provide reliable information for the selection of detection methods. In addition, some uncommon detection techniques, including focus electrode leakage detection technology, multi-sensor technology, infrared temperature recorder method, micro-deformation method, impact echo method, infrared thermal imaging technology, spontaneous polarization method, and pipeline scanning and evaluation technology (SSET) are also introduced. Finally, the technical standards for sewage concrete pipeline detection are combed, and the gaps and challenges in sewage concrete pipeline non-destructive testing are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WeldNet: An ultra fast measurement algorithm for precision laser stripe extraction in robotic welding","authors":"Chuyi Dai ,&nbsp;Congcong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Ding Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of laser vision sensors in robotic welding improves seam tracking accuracy, but welding noise poses significant challenges. Our research introduces WeldNet, enhances laser stripe extraction, significantly outperforming traditional and deep neural network (DNN) solutions in efficiency and measurement precision. WeldNet comprises lightweight modules for optimal feature extraction, including Multi-Part Channel Convolution (MPC) blocks, Parallel Shift Multilayer Perceptrons (PS-MLP), and Serial Shift MLP (SS-MLP). A specially designed data augmentation strategy is also integrated to address the complex noise encountered in robotic welding. Experimental results demonstrate WeldNet’s effectiveness in reducing welding noise interference, achieving a real-time processing speed of 145 FPS on RTX 2080 Ti GPU, approximately 5x faster than existing state-of-the-art methods. With a Dice coefficient of 87.52% and an IoU value of 77.82%, WeldNet not only enhances operational efficiency but also markedly improves precision in industrial robotic welding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robust reference extraction method for shunt active power filters in the presence of noise and source voltage distortion","authors":"Abdallah El Ghaly ,&nbsp;Mohamad Tarnini ,&nbsp;Khaled Chahine","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active filters are commonly employed to mitigate voltage and current distortions by rapidly responding to harmonic disturbances originating from the load side. However, the effectiveness of these filters depends on the accuracy of reference signal extraction, which is susceptible to measurement noise and source voltage distortion. This paper proposes an extraction method consisting of decomposing the distorted signal into its constituent harmonic components by the matrix pencil method, reconstructing the fundamental component from the estimated fundamental frequency and amplitude, and subtracting the fundamental component from the distorted signal to obtain the reference signal. The robustness of the proposed method to noise and source voltage distortion stems from the over-modeling technique of the matrix pencil method and its ability to extract the reference signal without a low-pass filter, which often introduces errors in phase shift and magnitude. Simulation scenarios developed in MATLAB/Simulink involving measurement noise, source disturbance, and asymmetrical loads are used to compare the performance of the proposed method with the instantaneous reactive power theory and synchronous reference frame methods. Additionally, an experimental prototype is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on real data. Analysis of simulation and experimental results shows that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods in robustness to source distortions and measurement noise, as demonstrated by the total harmonic distortion, which is around 0.77 % for simulated data and 1.68 % for experimental data. These findings underscore the significant enhancement in the overall power filter performance facilitated by the proposed extraction method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A measurement error prediction framework for smart meters in typical regions","authors":"Chunyu Yu,&nbsp;Ning Sun,&nbsp;Jianwei Gao,&nbsp;Fanli Hong,&nbsp;Yang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The measurement error (ME) of smart meters (SMs) is a key index for assessing their performance, so accurate prediction of SMs’ ME is essential. However, SMs operate in all parts of the world, and the factors that impact the SMs’ ME differ across regions. Therefore, we propose a novel and general framework to predict the SMs’ ME. Firstly, we study the influence of environment stress on SMs’ ME by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Least squares method (LSM), select the environment stresses that have a greater impact on SMs’ ME, and clean those environment data and SMs’ ME data by the Isolated Forest and Local Outlier Factor algorithm (IFLOF). Subsequently, a new method based on the Heap-Based Optimizer of Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory network (HBO-BiLSTM) is proposed to predict the SMs’ ME. To illustrate the framework we proposed, the framework is compared with some well-known machine learning methods with field data collected from the high altitude regions, the results indicated that the framework has excellent prediction ability, which can provide technical support for health management of SMs in typical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel extraction method for combustion feature of CI engine in electric hybrid power based on engine instantaneous speed","authors":"Tianxiang Wang,&nbsp;Tao Cui,&nbsp;Fujun Zhang,&nbsp;Jiawei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid power systems represent a crucial avenue for the advancement of vehicle power, offering a novel framework and context for the intelligent evolution of internal combustion engines. The governance of internal combustion engines stands as the cornerstone of power intelligence, with in-cylinder combustion control serving as a pivotal research focus within the realm of internal combustion engine regulation. The accurate assessment of cylinder state in hybrid power systems forms the foundation for effective in-cylinder combustion control. This paper introduces an approach to extract cylinder combustion state (cylinder work and CA50) based on instantaneous speed signals. First, the instantaneous speed signal undergoes processing using synthetic speed algorithms, followed by an evaluation of algorithm effectiveness. Subsequently, the theoretical derivation of the relationship between synthesized speed signals and cylinder state is established based on conservation of energy principles, leading to a method for extracting cylinder state. Finally, experimental validation is conducted at 270 steady-state operating points (varied speeds and load ratios) and 2 dynamic processes to verify prediction accuracy using the proposed method. The results demonstrate precise prediction capabilities for both cylinder work and CA50, with prediction errors falling within ≤10 % for CA50 and ≤9 % for cylinder work; moreover, 97 % of steady-state operating points exhibit error ranges within 5 % or less and the average error of dynamic process is 5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}