IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118009

Wajdi Farhat , Olfa Ben Rhaiem , Hassene Faiedh , Chokri Souani

{"title":"Pedestrian detection and tracking using an enhanced YOLOv9 model for automotive vehicles","authors":"Wajdi Farhat , Olfa Ben Rhaiem , Hassene Faiedh , Chokri Souani","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrian detection in autonomous driving systems is challenging due to complex urban environments, where pedestrians often blend with surrounding objects, affecting detection accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel multi-object tracking (MOT) model combining the YOLOv9 detection algorithm with DeepSORT tracking. Key improvements include replacing the Backbone’s RepNSCPELAN4 module with a CAM context enhancement module for better feature extraction from small or occluded pedestrians, integrating the AFF channel attention mechanism to resolve semantic and scale inconsistencies, and introducing the AKConv dynamic convolution for enhanced contextual information capture in dynamic scenes. We propose evaluating a public benchmark that integrates three datasets: KITTI, EuroCity, and BDD100K. The improved YOLOv9-DeepSORT model shows strong performance across different datasets. On the KITTI Dataset, the model achieved 98.12 % precision, 92.48 % recall, a [email protected] of 95.73 %, and a [email protected]:0.95 of 90.68 %. Meanwhile, on the EuroCity Persons dataset, the results were 95.12 % precision, 90.55 % recall, a [email protected] of 94.50 %, and a [email protected]:0.95 of 79.12 %. These results highlight the model’s effectiveness in different pedestrian detection and tracking scenarios, demonstrating improved performance in both urban and challenging environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 118009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An adaptive Kalman filter-based estimation method for online oxygen flow measurement in PEMFCs with mismatch detection 基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的pemfc氧流量在线测量方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118011

Hongwei Yue , Hongwen He , Jingda Wu , Jinzhou Chen , Xuyang Zhao , Yuhua Chang

{"title":"An adaptive Kalman filter-based estimation method for online oxygen flow measurement in PEMFCs with mismatch detection","authors":"Hongwei Yue , Hongwen He , Jingda Wu , Jinzhou Chen , Xuyang Zhao , Yuhua Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate airflow monitoring is critical for optimizing the performance of PEMFCs in dynamic environments. However, existing sensor techniques face significant limitations due to safety risks and leakage concerns, making direct measurement impractical. Furthermore, the complex interactions among system parameters challenge traditional observer techniques, as parameter mismatches often compromise estimation accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel state estimation method to achieve robust online oxygen flow estimation across diverse scenarios. The proposed method uses a square root cubature Kalman filter to fuse the predictive model with limited sensor signals, enabling precise estimation of unmeasurable states in the cathode channel. To deal with model uncertainties, a Mahalanobis distance-based metric is introduced to assess the occurrence of mismatches, while a cascade classifier identifies specific parameters that influence estimation performance. Subsequently, the corresponding observer combined with an augmented mechanism is activated to correct the estimated oxygen flow, considering the influence of mismatched parameters. Additionally, an event-triggered mechanism is employed to minimize unnecessary computational requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms traditional estimation methods, improving estimation accuracy and reducing the mean absolute error of oxygen flow estimation by over 31 %, 70 %, and 83 % when the three uncertain parameters are mismatched, respectively. This method represents a significant advancement in monitoring unmeasurable states, further driving the application of advanced estimation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 118011"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suppression method of magnetic noise and loss characteristics in nanocrystalline magnetic shielding devices 纳米晶磁屏蔽器件中磁噪声及损耗特性的抑制方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117991

Wei Liu , Xueping Xu

{"title":"Suppression method of magnetic noise and loss characteristics in nanocrystalline magnetic shielding devices","authors":"Wei Liu , Xueping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic shielding devices (MSDs) provide a low-noise, near-zero magnetic environment for biomagnetic measurements. Existing modeling methods for magnetic noise (MN) in MSDs primarily consider the influence of nanocrystalline thickness and measurement distance on MN while neglecting the effects of lamination factor, lamination thickness, and directional anisotropy. This study proposes a novel MN computation model that comprehensively integrates lamination parameters and residual environmental interference for enhanced prediction accuracy. Additionally, the influence of nanocrystalline lamination process on core loss is thoroughly investigated, and a Bertotti loss separation model that takes into account the lamination factor and lamination thickness is established. Based on a new loss correction method, solving the imaginary part permeability related to hysteresis loss can provide support for accurate calculation of MN. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of the proposed model, with relative errors between simulated and measured MN values being 5.02 %, 7.75 %, and 2.24 % along the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. Optimized 30-layer lamination reduces total loss by 27 %, balancing eddy current and interfacial losses. This study contributes to the optimization of MN suppression in MSDs for ultra-sensitive sensor applications, thereby enhancing their sensitivity and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V: effects of printing parameters and FEM-based residual stress analysis 增材制造Ti6Al4V的疲劳性能：打印参数的影响及基于fem的残余应力分析

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118004

Robert Owsiński, Mateusz Kowalski

{"title":"Fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V: effects of printing parameters and FEM-based residual stress analysis","authors":"Robert Owsiński, Mateusz Kowalski","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limited understanding of fatigue behavior in 3D-printed Ti6Al4V under non-proportional multiaxial loading—a scenario common in real-world applications but underexplored in literature. By integrating experimental fatigue tests with thermo-mechanically coupled FEM simulations, the research quantifies how build orientation, residual stresses, and phase-shifted loading influence fatigue life. The investigation evaluated the impact of print orientation (X, Y, Z) and the phase shift of applied loads (BT00, BT45, BT90) on the fatigue life of the material, with the optimal fatigue life obtained for specimens printed in the Z orientation under a 90° phase shift. Microstructural analysis revealed the occurrence of porosity and surface defects that reduced fatigue life by approximately 30 %, underscoring the necessity to optimize parameters such as laser power and scanning speed. The results unequivocally indicate that, when assessing the durability of additively manufactured components, it is essential to account for the effects of residual stresses as well as to maintain precise control over the production process conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 118004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A voltage sag measurement method based on RMS sliding window difference operator and sampled sequence reconstruction 基于均方根滑动窗差分算子和采样序列重构的电压暂降测量方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117827

Jianmin Li , Chen Gong , Dian Hong , Qiang Tang , Chengbin Liang , Hong Cheng

{"title":"A voltage sag measurement method based on RMS sliding window difference operator and sampled sequence reconstruction","authors":"Jianmin Li , Chen Gong , Dian Hong , Qiang Tang , Chengbin Liang , Hong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In modern power systems, the integration of renewable energy sources exacerbates voltage sag issues, which significantly impact power quality. This paper proposes a novel voltage sag measurement method that combines a root mean square (RMS) sliding window difference operator with sampled sequence reconstruction to address the limitations of traditional detection methods. Unlike conventional approaches, the proposed method accurately identifies the start and end times of voltage sag using a predefined threshold, thereby ensuring precise interval isolation for detailed analysis. Moreover, phase jump detection is enhanced through sampled sequence reconstruction. These enable the accurate extraction of voltage sag characteristics, including depth, duration, and phase jump. The simplicity and computational efficiency of the algorithm make it highly suitable for implementation in embedded systems. Comprehensive simulations and real-world measurements have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating significant improvements in voltage sag detection accuracy and robustness against noise and other disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanometer-level agreement measurement and evaluation of multiple laser interferometric displacement sensor probes 多激光干涉位移传感器探头的纳米级一致性测量与评价

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117982

Qi Sang , Yumei Wen , Shaoliang Gong , Jianwu He , Ping Li , Yixin Ma

{"title":"Nanometer-level agreement measurement and evaluation of multiple laser interferometric displacement sensor probes","authors":"Qi Sang , Yumei Wen , Shaoliang Gong , Jianwu He , Ping Li , Yixin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ultra-precision displacement measurement, employing multiple probes of a laser interferometric displacement sensor (LIDS) for differential measurement can significantly suppress the common-mode noises to improve the measurement quality. The efficacy of differential measurement is contingent upon the agreement among the LIDS probes. Therefore, it is crucial to scientifically evaluate this agreement. At the nanometer scale, it is challenging for multiple probes to simultaneously measure the same target and evaluate their agreement. Based on the Bland-Altman method (B-A method), we have extended the B-A method and developed a method that utilizing a single displacement reference measures and evaluates the agreement among the 4 LIDS probes. The proposed method facilitates nanometer-level quantification of multi-probe agreement. Besides, the inconsistency errors in agreement evaluation among the 4 probes were within ± 1 nm and the differential measurements with paired probes verified the results. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to evaluate the agreement of any number of LIDS probes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117982"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A noncontact method for UAV electrostatic charge measurement incorporating the influence of parasitic capacitance 一种考虑寄生电容影响的无人机静电电荷非接触测量方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117979

Zhongzheng He , Sichao Qin , Hanzhou Wu , Bing Wang , Yu Gong , Xi Chen

{"title":"A noncontact method for UAV electrostatic charge measurement incorporating the influence of parasitic capacitance","authors":"Zhongzheng He , Sichao Qin , Hanzhou Wu , Bing Wang , Yu Gong , Xi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During flight operations, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) accumulate significant electrostatic charges, which may lead to electrostatic discharge events, potentially damaging onboard electronic systems and compromising flight safety. Accurate measurement of these accumulated charges is crucial for optimizing anti-static protection measures. First, a refined physical model for UAV charge measurement is proposed, which incorporates the influence of parasitic capacitance. The model utilizes the electrode’s spatial sensitivity to establish a quantitative relationship between the induced charge on the electrode and the UAV electrostatic charge. Then, a noncontact method for measuring UAV charge is proposed, utilizing the spatial sensitivity at the UAV’s position and the induced charge on the electrode to estimate the UAV charge. Further, experimental validation was conducted using electrometer measurements as the reference values. The results demonstrate strong correlation and consistency between measured and reference values, with measurement error maintained within ± 10 %. Finally, the proposed method was applied to measure the UAV charge, and its experiment result ranges from 9 to 18 nC. The proposed method accurately measures the UAV charge during flight and can be used to evaluate electrostatic discharge risk, providing a foundation for the anti-static design of UAVs and enhancing flight safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117979"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault diagnosis of wind turbine pitch bearings via transfer learning and an improved residual network 基于迁移学习和改进残差网络的风力发电机节距轴承故障诊断

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117985

Peng Jiang , Yuhui Wang , Shuang Wu , Luying Zhang , Chang Yang

{"title":"Fault diagnosis of wind turbine pitch bearings via transfer learning and an improved residual network","authors":"Peng Jiang , Yuhui Wang , Shuang Wu , Luying Zhang , Chang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming to address the challenges of difficult fault signal extraction, limited sample availability, and reduced recognition accuracy due to noise interference in wind turbine pitch bearings under low-speed, heavy-load conditions, this paper proposes an enhanced deep residual network (PRSN) approach. The method integrates Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) feature extraction, multiscale feature analysis, soft-threshold denoising, and transfer learning. The model incorporates a pyramid split attention (PSA) mechanism to extract spatial and channel-wise multiscale features, combined with a DRSN-based soft-threshold denoising module to suppress irrelevant signals and enhance noise resilience. Additionally, a transfer learning strategy is employed to retain and fine-tune the weights of the pre-trained ResNet50 model, thereby improving recognition of early-stage impacts and complex fault patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a fault recognition accuracy of 97% in noiseless conditions and an average accuracy of 80% under multi-noise environments, significantly outperforming traditional approaches. Furthermore, the integration of LIME and t-SNE for visualization elucidates the critical fault regions identified by the model, enhancing interpretability and offering a robust, efficient solution for intelligent fault diagnosis in wind turbine pitch bearings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Point cloud reconstruction and volume measurement method for dynamic bulk material flow 动态散装物料流的点云重建与体积测量方法

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117990

Chengcheng Hou , Yongfei Kang , Wei Qiao , Huijie Dong , Tiezhu Qiao

引用次数: 0

In-situ label-free optofluidic DNA biosensor based on fiber-optic Michelson interferometer with vernier effect for microfluidic chip 基于游标效应光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪的微流控芯片原位无标记光流DNA生物传感器

IF 5.2 2区工程技术

Measurement Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117973

Xu-guang Hu , Zhan-kun Li , Ju-wei Zhang , Xi-xin Wang , Xiao-ming Chen , Yong Zhao

{"title":"In-situ label-free optofluidic DNA biosensor based on fiber-optic Michelson interferometer with vernier effect for microfluidic chip","authors":"Xu-guang Hu , Zhan-kun Li , Ju-wei Zhang , Xi-xin Wang , Xiao-ming Chen , Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A label-free fiber-optic optofluidic biosensor integrated into microfluidic chip based on vernier effect is proposed for the specific and high-sensitivity detection of DNA molecules, which is made up of a Michelson interferometer (MI) and a Fabry Perot interferometer (FPI) in parallel. The MI is prepared by a single-hole dual-core micro-structured fiber (MOF) with a suspended core attached to the hole serving as the sensing arm, and used as the sensing element. A micropore is etched directly above the microchannel of MI as the fluid inlet by femtosecond laser processing, and integrated into the microfluidic chip for sample replacement. The detection volume is only nanoliters and the sample can be quickly replaced within seconds. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed optofluidic sensor shows a high refractive index (RI) sensitivity of −8791 nm/RIU and has an ultra-low detection limit of 7.45 × 10<sup>−6</sup> RIU within the range of 1.3328–1.3370. By immobilizing probe DNA (pDNA) molecules on the suspended core through surface functionalization, the optofluidic sensor enables label-free detection of 1 μM complementary DNA (cDNA) solution and shows excellent specificity. The proposed fiber optofluidic biosensor has great development prospects in ultra-low volume and high-sensitivity detection of biomolecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 117973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement最新文献