Measurement最新文献

{"title":"Spectral and global emissivity assessment by means of a novel infrared methodology","authors":"F. Di Carolo ,&nbsp;L. Savino ,&nbsp;C. Purpura ,&nbsp;S. Cantoni ,&nbsp;M. De Stefano Fumo ,&nbsp;A. Del Vecchio ,&nbsp;U. Galietti ,&nbsp;Y. Guan ,&nbsp;L. Lucchese ,&nbsp;D. Palumbo ,&nbsp;M. De Cesare","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most critical phases for a space mission involving a transportation system from space to Earth is the atmospheric re-entry since the high kinetic energy of orbital flight shall be reduced and converted in thermal energy. In these conditions, one of the design parameters that allow the TPS to withstand the aerothermal loads and to guarantee temperatures compatible with the selected materials is the emissivity. This parameter depends on several factors such as mechanical features, chemical composition, surface roughness, angle of sight, wavelength and temperature. For TPS materials, emissivity characteristics are difficult to evaluate due to harsh, and critical to simulate on-ground, operative environment characterized by material surface and plasma flow interaction.</div><div>In this work, a novel approach to detect the material spectral emissivity at several wavelengths, ranging from NIR (Near InfraRed) to the LW (Long Wavelength) spectral range, is presented. An experimental set-up composed of a black body, a pyrometer and two thermal cameras has been used for performing an accurate detection of the emissivity value at several wavelengths. The experimental analyses guarantee a systematic approach able to provide quantitative information of the spectral and global materials emissivity.</div><div>The ISiComp® material, a long carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix composite (C/SiC) made in Italy and developed by CIRA and Petroceramics, has been used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wafer-level metal thin film thickness scanning based on multiple probe wavelengths nanosecond transient thermoreflectance","authors":"Guoliang Ma,&nbsp;Biwei Meng,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhou,&nbsp;Yali Mao,&nbsp;Yunliang Ma,&nbsp;Xinglin Xiao,&nbsp;Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present metal film thickness (<em>d</em>_Metal) measurement methods (e.g., profiler and electron microscope) are not able to simultaneously achieve non-invasion, wide measurement range, high-resolution, and wafer-level scanning. In this work, a <em>d</em>_Metal measurement method based on multiple probe wavelengths transient thermoreflectance (MW-TTR) is developed. Through a systematic sensitivity discussion, the guidance for reliable <em>d</em>_Metal measurement is illustrated theoretically. The realization of measuring different types of metals (Au, Al, Ni, Ti) is achieved with different wavelengths of probe lights. After the rigorous comparison with profiler and picosecond acoustic measurement, the accuracy of measuring nanosized film is verified (∼1% difference). The fitting uncertainties of <em>d</em>_Metal are &lt; 5 % for Au and Al metals. The high-throughput wafer-level scanning measurement, with a spatial resolution of ∼ 50 μm, is also realized by integrating automatic displacement control and deep learning fast predicting model into MW-TTR. Spatial mapping of <em>d</em>_Metal is consistent with profiler measurement (∼5% deviation in 2000 μm length).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Array design and phase interferometer-based DOA estimation for diversely polarized antenna arrays","authors":"Mingchao Qu ,&nbsp;Weijian Si ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapidly acquiring the unambiguous Direction of Arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters of electromagnetic waves is a significant challenge in passive direction-finding systems. To this end, the array design method and unambiguous phase interferometer-based DOA estimation method for diversely polarized antenna arrays are proposed in this paper. First, the design of antenna polarization utilizes the polarization distance and the volume of a hyper-parallel polyhedron spanned by the receiving antenna polarization orientations. Then, the array element positions are designed according to the rule of the maximum admissible phase error and DOA estimation accuracy. Subsequently, we leverage the received signal power from different antennas to resolve ambiguities and improve robustness in low SNRs. Finally, Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method has an unambiguous probability of more than 98 % at 0 dB in the frequency range from 0.8 GHz to 18 GHz. Practical experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A roadmap to fault diagnosis of industrial machines via machine learning: A brief review","authors":"Govind Vashishtha ,&nbsp;Sumika Chauhan ,&nbsp;Mert Sehri ,&nbsp;Radoslaw Zimroz ,&nbsp;Patrick Dumond ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Munish Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fault diagnosis, machine learning theories are gaining popularity as they proved to be an efficient tool that not only reduces human effort but also identifies the health conditions of the machines automatically. In this work, an attempt has been made to systematically review the progress of machine learning theories in fault diagnosis from scratch to future perspectives. Initially, artificial intelligence came into the picture which started to weaken the human effort whose efficiency relies on feature extraction which depends on expert knowledge. The introduction of deep learning theories has reformed the fault diagnosis process by realising the artificial aid, encouraging end-to-end encryption in the diagnostic procedure. The deep learning theories have also filled the gap between the large amount of monitoring data and the health conditions of industrial machines. The future of deep learning theories i.e. transfer learning which uses the knowledge of one domain to another related domain during fault diagnosis has been reviewed. In last, the research trends of the machine learning theories have been briefly discussed along with their challenges in fault diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and analysis of heterogeneous road transport parameters using Smart Traffic Analyzer and SUMO Simulator:An experimental approach","authors":"Santhiya Ravindran,&nbsp;Gurukarthik Babu Balachandran,&nbsp;Prince Winston David","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of research work is to study the characteristics of heterogeneous road transport environment &amp; compare its dynamic parameters with the performance metrics measurement in terms of error rate &amp; accuracy for vehicle count and classification using Smart Traffic Analyzer (STA) and SUMO Traffic Simulator. SUMO GUI is a simple tool for microscopic traffic simulation and helps to obtain vehicle dynamic parameters in the easiest way. Experimental research is also carried out by capturing live traffic video at study area of four way intersection road and analyzed through STA. The outcome results from SUMO and STA explicit overall accuracy of 96.63 %, and 95.62 % for vehicle count with the error rate of 3.35% &amp; 4.37%. Similarly for vehicle classification, it provides the overall accuracy of 97.21% and 83.01% with the error rate of 2.78% &amp; 16.97% respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak ultrasonic guided wave signal recognition based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network denoising autoencoder and its application to small defect detection in pipelines","authors":"Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Zeyu Lin ,&nbsp;Yizhou Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline failures are often caused by the expansion of small defects. Structural damage to pipelines can lead to major safety accidents. When ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) technology is used for pipeline failure detection, the echoes produced by small defects manifest as weak UGW signals amidst significant noise. The low amplitude of these signals or complete drowning by noise makes them difficult to recognize. This study innovatively introduces a one-dimensional convolutional neural network denoising autoencoder (1DCNN-based DAE) for noise reduction in UGW signals using deep learning. To improve the conventional DAE, the model incorporated the Parametric Rectified Linear Unit (PReLU) activation function and a CNN for enhanced feature extraction, resulting in the proposed 1DCNN-based DAE. The model is trained on an extensive dataset of mixed signals with strong noise and their corresponding clean signals, enabling autonomous denoising in an unsupervised manner. Additionally, this paper proposes the application of the window-shifted power spectrum method for analyzing the denoised signals to identify and locate pipeline defects. The method involves traversing the signal with a window to intercept fragments, calculating their power, and plotting the power spectrum curve. Defects are then located based on the peak positions of this curve. Numerical simulation and experimental signals were used to validate the proposed method. Simulation results showed that the proposed 1DCNN-based DAE effectively improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of UGW mixed signals from −9 dB to 21.63 dB, representing an improvement of up to 30.63 dB. Experimental results demonstrated that the method accurately detected weak UGW signals from small defective pipes with a 2 % cross-section loss rate, achieving over 90 % recognition confidence and less than 1.5 % axial positioning error rate. In summary, the proposed 1DCNN-based DAE can effectively improve the SNR of the signal, reduce the noise in the UGW detection signal, and improve the sensitivity of defect identification; the window-shifted power spectrum method has a advantage in the accurate localization of defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of an alternative method for residual stress measurements in clad nickel alloy after shot peening","authors":"Vladimir Ivanovitch Monine ,&nbsp;João da Cruz Payão Filho ,&nbsp;Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios Alonso Munhoz ,&nbsp;Joaquim Teixeira de Assis","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cladding of Ni-based superalloy 625 is often used to enhance mechanical resistance and corrosion performance of the high strength low alloy pipeline, for use in CO₂ injection units in oil wells. It is well known that the use of the shot peening can improve its properties by creating a thin surface layer with compressive residual stresses. In this regard, the aim of this work is to propose an alternative method to evaluate the residual stresses of clad Ni-based superalloy 625 based on the deflection measurements of a thin strip separated from the shot peened samples by EDM cutting. The stress distribution in shot peened layer was measured by XRD sin²ψ method with electrolytic removal of surface layers. Measurements by the alternative and XRD method showed that the difference between the average stress values determined by these methods is 4%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal blood vessel segmentation using density-based fuzzy C-means clustering and vessel neighborhood connected component","authors":"Kittipol Wisaeng","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retinal blood vessel segmentation is a crucial process in medical image analysis. However, it is often challenging due to the variation in color, shape, intensity, size, and contrast of blood vessels. Most of the relevant studies concentrate on algorithms based on supervised learning and few on deep learning. However, due to the several challenges in retinal image acquisition, these algorithms cannot deliver the highest possible level of accuracy. Therefore, this paper implements retinal blood vessel segmentation and classification (RBVSC) methods using density-based fuzzy C-means clustering and vessel neighborhood-connected components, hereafter denoted as DBFCM-VNCC. Initially, the given retinal images are preprocessed using the contrast enhancement method that involves Histogram Equalization with Variable Enhancement Degree (HEVED), selecting the appropriate color channel, optic disc elimination, and using a Gaussian filter, which removes the noise or artifacts from the retinal images. Then, a fully fuzzy C-means clustering is used for coarse segmentation of vessel lesions, which can detect the affected blood vessel features quite efficiently. Finally, structure-based algorithms based on vessel neighborhood-connected components based on mathematical dilation operators and local thicknesses are used to obtain accurate skeletonization and segmentation of the retinal vessels. The algorithm was assessed using three open-access retinal image databases: DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and HRF, where it achieved mean sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area overlap measure, and error rate scores of 98.16%, 98.74%, 97.68%, and 4.54%; 98.25%, 98.81%, 97.68%, 97.86%, and 2.14%; 98.22%, 98.78%, 97.56%, 97.40%, and 2.60% for segmenting the retinal vessel. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed DBFCM-VNCC techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage quantification using spectral response of a multi-degree-of-freedom system with spatial and temporal stiffness variations: Application to shear-type frames","authors":"Sayandip Ganguly,&nbsp;Koushik Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study is aiming to develop a spectral response-based closed-form expression of maximum damage intensity in a multi-degree-of-freedom system considering temporal and spatial variations of stiffness. The time-dependent variation of stiffness is incorporated in the formulation to simulate opening–closing mechanism of crack. In addition, an expression for multiple damage severity at consecutive stories is also derived. For the validation of the present method, numerical model of a shear-type frame is thoroughly investigated. It is observed from the analysis that incorporation of spectral amplitudes at modulated frequencies in the formulation, improves the assessment of damage severity. Further, an experiment on a scale-down 6-story steel building is performed for practical insights followed by two case studies with real data of a full-scale tower and an instrumented building. As the assumed temporal variation of stiffness is not generic, it may mislead the accuracy of estimated damage quantity in other incompatible scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the construction of digital twin virtual model of coal mills","authors":"Weiming Yin ,&nbsp;Yefa Hu ,&nbsp;Guoping Ding ,&nbsp;Lei Feng ,&nbsp;Xuefei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-precision model of coal mills can enable the accurate estimation of significant parameters that cannot be measured inside, as well as the necessary foundation for the intelligent coal-fired power unit. Addressing the problems of insufficient precision and lacking the online optimization capability of available coal mill models, this study proposes a method for constructing the digital twin virtual model of coal mills. Firstly, the working process and material flow of the equipment are analyzed, and a model of the coal mill considering the joint influence of the three forces and component abrasion is proposed. Then the model containing three processes of feeding-grinding, drying-separating, and component abrasion is constructed, and the parameters in the model are identified offline by the genetic algorithm. Finally, an online optimization mechanism considering workload adjustment and performance decay is designed, and the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by utilizing the actual operation data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 116235"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}