Measurement最新文献

{"title":"Power quality disturbance classification based on dual-parallel 1D2D fusion of improved ResNet and attention mechanism","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Ye,&nbsp;Wendi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional power quality (PQ) disturbance recognition methods have limitations in feature extraction, making it challenging to handle nonlinear relationships and leading to restricted recognition accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a dual-parallel 1D2D fusion classification method based on an improved ResNet architecture and attention mechanism to improve feature extraction capability. First, the one-dimensional PQ disturbance signal is transformed into a two-channel two-dimensional picture using the Gram Angle Field (GAF) method. Furthermore, to address the potential information loss in deep feature extraction within grouped convolutional networks, we propose the Group Residual Convolutional Neural Network (GRCNN). The use of grouped convolutions significantly reduces parameter count, while the proposed parallel attention module (PAM) compensates for the lack of inter-group feature interactions during group convolution and captures key features from multiple perspectives. Meanwhile, to more effectively capture the temporal characteristics of the signal, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is employed in parallel to process the one-dimensional PQ disturbance signals and extract temporal features. Finally, all extracted features are fed into a feature interaction fusion module (FIFM) for comprehensive integration, further enhancing feature representation. The experimental results demonstrate that accuracy can reach 98.67 % under a 40 dB noise level and remains as high as 91.85 % even in the presence of strong noise at 10 dB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-angle adjustable robotic probe based on flexible microstructure array capacitive sensors","authors":"Haoran Ye,&nbsp;Feng Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgical robot palpation probes are essential for ensuring safe and precise human-robot interactions. However, existing probes face several limitations, including single-point probes with restricted coverage and low efficiency, and array probes that are bulky and lack flexibility. These limitations hinder achieving efficient detection, minimizing trauma, and providing multi-angle adaptability in complex cavity environments. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a fully angle-adjustable robotic palpation probe with a foldable mechanism capable of adjusting from 0° to 180°. This design significantly enhances the probe's adaptability and coverage across multi-angle, multi-form cavity environments. Combining the flexibility of a single-point probe with the high resolution of an array probe enables accurate palpation and rapid detection. The integrated flexible array capacitive sensor, featuring a rotationally thrown microstructure, delivers high resolution (4 mm²), excellent sensitivity (1.2 kPa⁻¹), and fast response time (160 ms). The sensor's graphene electrode layer enhances stretchability and conformity to the palpated surface. Experimental results validate the probe's ability to detect various target shapes, sizes, and positions within simulated complex cavities, providing real-time haptic feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ all-fiber conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensitive-enhanced sensor for marine environment measurement","authors":"Chunbo Su,&nbsp;Jun Gao,&nbsp;Shengjia Wang,&nbsp;Yiwei Ma,&nbsp;Tao Geng,&nbsp;Weimin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) measurement occupies a pivotal position in marine environment detection. However, the electronic devices or systems are highly susceptible to corrosion under these conditions, resulting in frequent failures. Herein, an in-situ all-fiber CTD sensitive-enhanced sensor integrated by T-shaped Fabry-Perot interferometer (T-FPI) and temperature-compensated Fiber Bragg Grating (TC-FBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The T-FPI is composed by input single-mode fiber (SMF) and vertically affixed hollow-core fiber (HCF) with polishing process of CO2-laser, constructing a channel for seawater flowing. The channel is employed for measuring the CTD characteristic of the seawater. In addition, a TC-FBG is integrated on the input SMF to eliminate in-situ temperature crosstalk. Experimental results present that the highest sensitivities achieve 16.78 nm/(mol/L), 9.27 pm/℃, and 62.86 nm/MPa for salinity temperature, and pressure measurement, respectively. Meanwhile, the resolution of the sensor is tested as 0.107 ℃, 0.016 mol and 15.024 KPa, respectively. Compared with CTD sensors based on electronic devices or systems, the proposed sensor updates the sensing performance, volume, cost and anti-corrosive quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive structural analysis of packaged pharmaceuticals using different variants of spatially offset low-frequency Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Kārlis Bērziņš ,&nbsp;Lasse S. Krog ,&nbsp;Ben J. Boyd","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three different variants of low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy (&lt;300 cm⁻¹) with spatially offset configurations were explored for the <em>in situ</em> analysis of packaged pharmaceuticals and compared with the more typically used mid-frequency or fingerprint spectral domain (300–1800 cm⁻¹). A range of scenarios were tested including different types of packaging, analysis of mixtures and real-time monitoring of dynamic structural changes where each of the optical configurations (defocusing displacement, point-like offset and transmission) presented certain advantages and disadvantages for the analysis. Nevertheless, in all instances, the higher signal propensity and structural sensitivity of the LFR regime either facilitated or improved the analysis. These results allude to a promising future for the broader adaption of spatially-offset LFR spectroscopy for the dissemination of packaged goods, with the potential development of LFR-enabled hand-held devices to tackle specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method to observing negative capacitance phenomena in semiconductor materials","authors":"Xiangjun Meng,&nbsp;Zheng Huan,&nbsp;Yunlong Sun,&nbsp;Jianyu Hu,&nbsp;Zhonghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The negative capacitance phenomenon represents a specific nonlinear dielectric response within semiconductor materials. Grounded on the concept of steady-state response current decomposition, we propose “time-domain instantaneous C-V measurement” as a novel method for observing the negative capacitance phenomenon in semiconductor materials. The fundamental principles of this method are presented, and we conducted a systematic study on the negative capacitance phenomenon of zinc oxide varistor by adopting this new method. A theoretical analysis of the distinctions and connections between this new method and the currently prevailing C-V measurement technique is provided. The experimental results confirm that the new method enables accurate observation of the negative capacitance phenomenon in semiconductor materials and significantly reduces testing time, thereby holding substantial potential for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An electrical resistivity tomography system for imaging at laboratory scale","authors":"Nicola Delmonte,&nbsp;Davide Spaggiari,&nbsp;Giovanni Chiorboli,&nbsp;Camilla Fagandini,&nbsp;Andrea Zanini","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past century, there has been an increase in the use of electrical resistivity tomography in environmental research for subsurface characterization. Although commercial devices emphasize robustness and measurement quality, their lack of flexibility and high cost make them unsuitable for budget-constrained applications like research and educational purposes. This paper presents a low-cost DC resistivity meter that provides an adaptable tool for small-scale research in both laboratory and field environments. The proposed device is built around an Arduino Due board integrated with a four-channel 16-bit analog-to-digital converter. In addition, two custom shields are incorporated for signal conditioning and multiplexing. The firmware system allows users to configure key parameters, including array sequences, the number of repetitions, reverse measurements, acquisition frequency, and delays between measurements. Repetitive and reverse measurements contribute significantly to the accurate characterization of measurement errors. Its compact, cost- effective, and fully customizable design makes it particularly innovative in overcoming the limitations of current commercial alternatives. Laboratory tests validated the efficacy and reliability of the proposed device. Comparative analysis with a commercial resistivity meter (Iris Syscal R1) further reinforced these findings, revealing an excellent agreement (<em>R</em>² = 0<em>.</em>999) between measurements acquired by the two instruments. These results highlight the system’s optimal performance and the remarkable consistency of its measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and characterization of a compliant six axis force/torque sensor with low cross-axis sensitivity","authors":"Tri-Hieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Huy-Tuan Pham ,&nbsp;Ngoc Dang Khoa Tran ,&nbsp;Dung-An Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compliant six-axis force/torque sensor (FTS) with low cross axis sensitivity is developed. The FTS has a central cross beam suspended by four compliant mechanisms. The compliant mechanism is a series connection of cantilever beams and folded beams. The low in-plane and out-of-plane stiffness of the compliant mechanism can boost the sensitivity of the sensor. The compliant interaction between the sensor and the sensing target may mitigate the harmful effects at the event of high impact forces. Strain gauges for sensing the forces and torques are attached to the four surfaces of the beams of the sensing structure to form Wheatstone bridges for sensing. Decoupling of the force and torque measurements is achieved by configuring the bridges to obtain the voltage outputs of the forces and torques with low crosstalk. Finite element models are developed to assist the design of the sensor. The experimental nonlinearity and crosstalk of the sensor are lower than 1.3%FS and 2.4%FS, respectively. Sensitivities of the force measurements are 0.040 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> and 0.041 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> in the two in-plane directions, and 0.094 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> in the out-of-plane direction. Sensitivities of the torque measurements are 5.918 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi><mo>∙</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> and 5.871 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi><mo>∙</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> with respect to the two in-plane axes and 1.480 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>mV</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>exc</mi></mrow></msub><mi>N</mi><mo>∙</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> with respect to the out-of-plane axis. The novelty of this work lies in the introduction of a sensing structure design that combines straight and folded compliant beams, resulting in high sensitivity and low cross-talk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ai-assissted multimodal classification of canine and feline (Sub-)Cutaneous tumors using ultrasound, white light and fluorescence imaging","authors":"Martynas Maciulevičius ,&nbsp;Greta Rupšytė ,&nbsp;Renaldas Raišutis ,&nbsp;Mindaugas Tamošiūnas","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research aims to provide an automated method for the diagnostics of (sub-)cutaneous tumors in canine/feline patients via machine learning (ML) on multimodal imaging data. To address the limitations of single mode imaging, we have integrated optical imaging, white light (WL) and fluorescence (FL), in tandem with high frequency (∼350 MHz) ultrasound (US) imaging. Combined hybrid approaches allowed to efficiently differentiate between malignant mastocytomas (MCTs), sarcomas (STSs) and benign lipomas (LPs).</div><div>The obtained combinations of spectral and temporal US estimates were evaluated for multimodal effect when grouped with FL, WL and optics (FL + WL), resulting in hybrid bimodal and trimodal datasets. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifiers were optimized via sequential feature selection, resulting in multimodal effect (p &lt; 0.05).</div><div>Pronounced multimodal increment was detected for US and FL (up to 15 %) for 21–23/31 US combinations for total of 360 MCT and STS cases. US + WL and US + OPT resulted in less efficient multimodal effect (up to ∼5 %). Both SVM and RF classifiers strongly preferred US features in combination with FL. In the presence of superior WL, the relevance of US features decreased, however, still, they comprised more than a quarter of the total number of features.</div><div>In overall, we have achieved classification efficiency in the range of: 75–80 % (US + FL), 85–90 % (US + WL) as well as 90–95 % (US + OPT), respectively. Our approach provides a reliable diagnostic support for veterinary histopathologist in real-time; therefore, if a disagreement between human and ML-derived analysis occurrs, unclear cases can be double-inspected by human.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a novel electromagnetic-force-type microforce-generating machine","authors":"Junfang Zhu,&nbsp;Atsuhiro Nishino","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a novel electromagnetic-force-type microforce-generating machine based on microforce measurement techniques by referring to the Kibble balance principle. The reproducibility of the proportionality constant associated with the machine was evaluated. The relative expanded uncertainty (<em>k</em> = 2) of the realized force, with a step of 20 mN, was evaluated as 4.4 × 10⁻⁴. The relative repeatabilities at 10 mN and 20 mN force steps were 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ and 9.1 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. The calibration and measurement capability of the machine at 20 mN and 200 mN force steps were verified as 4.7 × 10⁻⁴ and 5.3 × 10⁻⁴, respectively. The equivalence between electromagnetic force and gravity was confirmed within the uncertainties of calibration results at 20 mN and 200 mN force steps. The results indicate that the machine can meet the demand for reliable microforce measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reduced-order time-frequency transform technique for processing nonlinear and non-stationary vibration measurement data","authors":"Javad Isavand ,&nbsp;Florian Bossmann ,&nbsp;Afshar Kasaei ,&nbsp;Andrew Peplow ,&nbsp;Jihong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel time–frequency signal analysis method for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals called the Reduced-order Time-Frequency Transform (RTFT). The RTFT technique offers the capabilities of traditional time–frequency transformations by employing Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to selectively reduce the data volume in the joint time–frequency domain. This method emphasizes highly correlated frequencies and phases leading to a more efficient data representation without significant loss of accuracy. The RTFT is validated through comparative analysis with established methods, including the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), Fourier Synchrosqueezed Transform (FSST), and Wavelet Synchrosqueezed Transform (WSST). Several non-stationary synthesized and real-world vibration-based condition monitoring signals are analyzed using the RTFT and these mentioned methods to demonstrate the superiority of the RTFT in reducing data volume while maintaining accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 117327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}