Characteristic analysis of rolling bearing dynamic response under raceway multiple faults

Dynamic modeling is widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. Bearings with multiple faults produce more complex vibration characteristics, complicating fault characteristic extraction. Current studies on fault characteristics with outer raceway multiple faults are insufficient, and quantitative evaluation for dynamic characteristics is lacking. Therefore, a 6-DOF dynamic model with outer raceway multiple faults is established, introducing a unit resonator to simulate high-frequency vibration caused by bearing faults. This model is validated by experiments. The effects of fault number, spacing angle and distribution pattern on dynamic characteristics are studied using phase trajectory, envelope analysis and Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZC) index. Results show these factors significantly impact the envelope characteristic and phase abrupt changes. The change pattern in signal LZC values for different spacing angles of multiple faults is identified. This research provides valuable information for exploring the dynamic characteristics of bearing with multiple faults.