MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117056
Xin Zhang , Kaiyue Yang
{"title":"Transformer fault diagnosis method based on MTF and GhostNet","authors":"Xin Zhang , Kaiyue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the limitations of the DGA technique in transformer fault diagnosis, we propose a transformer fault diagnosis method that combines the MTF conversion, the GhostNetV2, transfer learning, and the optimized SSA algorithm. Firstly, the MTF conversion is applied to convert the 1D DGA data into 2D images that are easier to analyze; then, with the help of the GhostNetV2 that is pre-trained on a large dataset, the transfer learning is implemented to deepen the feature understanding and the GhostNetV2 is fine-tuned to meet the needs of fault classification, and the output layer incorporates the gated recurrent unit network and the multi-head self-attention layer to optimize the diagnostic performance; finally, through the improved sparrow search algorithm that integrates adaptive t-distribution and Levy flight strategy, the parameters are finely optimized to further enhance the accuracy of fault diagnostic. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in evaluation metrics, and significantly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of transformer fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117043
Xinyi Li , Deming Kong , Xinyao Li , Xiaoyu Chen , Yanping Zhu
{"title":"Study on oil spill emulsification degree based on 3D fluorescence spectra combined with multi-modal attention feature fusion","authors":"Xinyi Li , Deming Kong , Xinyao Li , Xiaoyu Chen , Yanping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately obtaining information on the types of oil spills and oil content can serve as a basis for addressing pollution resulting from offshore oil spills. Therefore, a new method is proposed to detect emulsified oil spills by combining 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-modal feature fusion. Firstly, the fluorescence data information for emulsified oil spills was obtained through experimental measurements. Secondly, the wavelet transform method was used to enhance fluorescence data and fingerprint spectra. Finally, the attention mechanism was introduced on the basis of convolutional neural network (CNN) to establish a multi-modal attention feature fusion (MAFF) model. It was compared with advanced single-modal and multi-modal models. The accuracy of MAFF in identifying oil spill emulsification degrees was up to 98%. The coefficient of determination for predicting the oil content could reach 0.95. The results indicate that the MAFF model demonstrates superior stability and accuracy in detecting emulsified oil spills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117043"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117053
Qiang Shan , Qusen Chen , Yang Liu , Weiping Jiang , Kai Liu , Xingyu Zhou
{"title":"The potential of GNSS-IR for monitoring daily water level fluctuations up to 15 m","authors":"Qiang Shan , Qusen Chen , Yang Liu , Weiping Jiang , Kai Liu , Xingyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) offers an alternative “remote sensing water level gauge” service. Current GNSS-IR water level monitoring relies on the Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) or Windows LSP (WinLSP) methods, which estimate water levels by extracting one dominent frequency from one Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) arc. These classic GNSS-IR methods mainly focus on quasi-static or metre-scale scenarios. However, in cases of rapid and large water level changes, the SNR sequences transform into non-stationary signals, rendering classic GNSS-IR methods ineffective. To address the challenges posed by non-stationary SNR sequences, we propose a new GNSS-IR water level monitoring approach that integrates wavelet analysis and cluster analysis. We validated the performance of this method using simulation and field data from the Xilongchi Pumped Storage Power Station (38°32’31“N, 113°16’49”E). The results indicate that the classical WinLSP method is almost ineffective, with only 52 % of the water level retrievals differing from the water level gauge measurements within 1 m. In contrast, the proposed method achieves a precision of 30 cm in tracking daily water level fluctuations of approximately 15 m. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficients between GNSS-IR retrievals and water-level gauge measurements are greater than 0.99. This study pioneers monitoring of daily water level fluctuations in pumped storage power stations via GNSS-IR, filling a gap in scenarios involving daily water level changes up to 15 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117054
Ke Ye , Bai Chen , Jingyang Zhou , Jiahao Li , Haoqing Wu , Feng Ju , Yang Wu
{"title":"Enhanced visual SLAM for surgical robots with cylindrical scene recognition in digestive endoscopic procedures","authors":"Ke Ye , Bai Chen , Jingyang Zhou , Jiahao Li , Haoqing Wu , Feng Ju , Yang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) methods struggle in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) due to lumen diameter changes, which disrupt monocular feature tracking. To overcome this, we propose a SLAM algorithm with cylindrical scene recognition to enhance tracking in variable-geometry environments. Using cylindrical cycle optimization and principal component analysis (PCA), it estimates structures in real time, reducing spatial complexity and speeding convergence. Additionally, backward projection error correction improves landmark generation and scene continuity. Simulations show a 64 % gain in feature matching efficiency, and medical model tests confirm improved tracking accuracy, validating this approach for safer, more reliable NOTES navigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 117054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117049
Guangshuai Liu , Xurui Li , Si Sun , Xing Zhao , Bailin Li
{"title":"Accurate and reliable measurement of wing angle characteristics for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles using 3D point cloud","authors":"Guangshuai Liu , Xurui Li , Si Sun , Xing Zhao , Bailin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wing angle is a key measurement characteristic in the creation and design of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Aeroelasticity occurs when the aerodynamic loads and the wing interact at an incorrect angle. Therefore, ensuring that the lift and the wing surfaces meet the design requirements for mounting and dihedral angles is crucial for achieving optimal flight performance. However, accurately measuring angle deviations in UAVs with high-aspect-ratio wings remains challenging. Our study presents a UAV structural measurement system that precisely monitors key wing characteristics to assess service status. The approach employs physics-based modeling and data to decompose the task into two phases: offline simulation to establish an efficient characterization of the problem and fast data representation to support online inspections. Firstly, partitioning the UAV structure model is run to generate an efficient information base for part-level identification covering inspection data. Subsequently, spatial coordinate alignment of the wing part is conducted within a virtual environment, where a mutual information (MI)-based attitude estimation model aligns the virtual and actual wing states. Finally, we establish an auxiliary reference plane (ARP) using an airfoil optimized through squared distance minimization (SDM) to calculate the wing’s mounting and dihedral angles. To further enhance the reliability of our computations, we introduce a relative attitude evaluation model that accounts for uncertainties in measurement points. Our framework achieves a measurement error of less than 0.5°, which shows significant promise for UAV product lifecycle management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117049"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117044
Tamar Gadrich, Yariv N. Marmor, Emil Bashkansky
{"title":"Accuracy of categorical measurements: Nominal scale","authors":"Tamar Gadrich, Yariv N. Marmor, Emil Bashkansky","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classification accuracy, considered from a categorical measurement point of view, is particularly crucial in scenarios where the cost of false output is high. Categorical measurement means that the object’s property under study is presented on a scale consisting of <em>K</em> exclusive classes/categories, forming a comprehensive spectrum of this property. Often such classifications are provided by a group of measurers/classifiers participating in collaborative study (e.g. inter-laboratory or inter-operator comparisons, proficiency testing projects, comparison of different methods or algorithms etc.). Previously, only the metrological properties of the fixed-factor model were studied. A random factors statistical model for analyzing accuracy from collaborative studies is presented in this paper. We assume that due to measurement/classification errors, a property belonging to category <em>i</em> will be classified by a collaborator as category <em>k</em> with probabilities <span><math><msub><mi>p</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mfenced><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></msub></math></span> (confusion matrix), distributed between collaborators according to the Dirichlet distribution for every given <em>i</em>, whereas category counts of repeated classifications by every collaborator are distributed according to corresponding multinomial distribution. We propose unbiased estimators for repeatability and classifiers’ components of the total precision as well as trueness, based on total categorical variation decomposition and the distance from an ideal classification metrics. We discuss possible options for statistical homogeneity/heterogeneity tests. In the framework of the proposed model, the issue of assessing concordance and discordance between classifiers is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 117044"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117039
Luyu Wang , Jia Song , Chunyang Yu
{"title":"Recent progress on mass-sensitive gas sensors for environmental and industrial applications","authors":"Luyu Wang , Jia Song , Chunyang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past ten years, the technology of mass-sensitive gas sensors has seen significant progress, becoming essential in areas such as environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This extensive review explores the latest developments in this field, particularly focusing on microcantilevers, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, along with the sensing materials crucial for their operation. The review discusses different parameters that affect the performance of mass sensitive gas sensors, such as sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. The utilization of novel sensing materials for targeted selective adsorption of gases improves sensor performance. We hope that this review will be a useful resource for those seeking to quickly find relevant literature on mass-sensitive gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117004
Feifan Yang , Xinzhi Li , Pengcheng Du , Wei Quan , Shuaiwei Cui , Wei Gou , Jin Li
{"title":"Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) magnetometer empowering three-dimensional magnetic vector measurement based on dual-beam with lin//lin polarization","authors":"Feifan Yang , Xinzhi Li , Pengcheng Du , Wei Quan , Shuaiwei Cui , Wei Gou , Jin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theoretically, all-optical Coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic magnetometers, which are based on the coherence effect of light and atoms, can achieve highly sensitive in-situ measurements of three-dimensional magnetic field vectors. However, current CPT atomic magnetometers have yet to demonstrate significant progress in terms of three-dimensional direction acquisition of the magnetic field and high angular sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a novel CPT magnetometer capable of three-dimensional magnetic vector measurement based on dual-beam with lin//lin polarization. Two linearly polarized beams with mutually orthogonal propagation directions are employed to configure the three-dimensional vectorial CPT magnetometer. The angular output of the magnetic field vectors of the proposed CPT magnetometer is then modeled and analyzed based on the relationship between three key vectors: the laser wavevector, polarization, magnetic field direction, and CPT magnetic resonance signal amplitude. This allows for the subsequent obtention of an analytical solution of the magnetic field angle. Furthermore, an analytical approach was employed to examine the dual-beam installation error, leading to the formulation of a corrective theoretical model for the magnetic field vector output of the dual-beam CPT magnetometer. The model’s validity was substantiated through experimental verification, thereby enhancing the precision of the system. The results experimentally demonstrate that the scalar sensitivity of the proposed CPT magnetometer is less than 5pT/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> at 1–10 Hz, and the optimal angular sensitivity achieves 0.01 deg/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> at 1–10 Hz, which is in accordance with the international precedent level. The proposed method will provide valuable support in the fields of cardio-magnetic measurement and prospecting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bootstrap analysis for predicting circularity and cylindricity errors in palm/jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites","authors":"Mohamed Slamani , Abdelmalek Elhadi , Salah Amroune , Mustapha Arslane , Moussa Zaoui , Nashmi Alrasheedi , Borhen Louhichi , Jean-François Chatelain","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid composites reinforced with palm and jute fibers are increasingly valued in modern manufacturing due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and eco-friendly properties. This study examines the drilling process of these hybrid composites, with a focus on circularity and cylindricity errors as key indicators of hole quality. The composite material was composed of 15 % palm fibers and 15 % jute fibers by weight. A distinguishing feature of this research is the innovative use of bootstrap analysis to quantify uncertainty in predicting circularity and cylindricity errors. The investigation explored the effects of spindle speed and feed rate on machining outcomes, uncovering intricate interdependencies between these parameters. Results show that lower spindle speeds yield more precise and consistent hole quality, while higher speeds increase variability. Two regression models were developed to predict circularity and cylindricity errors, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy with R-squared values of 0.91 and 0.95, respectively. The application of bootstrap analysis further validated the robustness of these models by providing detailed uncertainty estimates across a range of cutting conditions. Machining conditions associated with minimal errors were determined at a spindle speed of 1592 rpm and a feed rate ranging from 0.08 mm/rev to 0.12 mm/rev, yielding circularity errors as low as 44 µm and cylindricity errors of 59 µm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MeasurementPub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117003
Yanchang Zheng , Jintao He , Kang Wang , Long Yang , Jie Zhu , Liyong Qian , Xiang Wang , Yuelin Lu
{"title":"Mechanoluminescence intensity ratio-based two-dimensional plane impact force detection method","authors":"Yanchang Zheng , Jintao He , Kang Wang , Long Yang , Jie Zhu , Liyong Qian , Xiang Wang , Yuelin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity ratio-based two-dimensional plane impact force detection method. Compared to absolute light intensity measurement methods, this approach offers better resistance to environmental interference while enabling the identification of two-dimensional plane stress distribution and impact point localization. Using ZnS: Cu<sup>2+</sup> and ZnS: Mn<sup>2+</sup> mechanoluminescent materials along with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a mechanoluminescent flexible thin film was prepared. An image-based experimental platform for detecting the impact force of a steel ball was constructed. Two cameras were used to capture images of the peak wavelength bands of the two luminescent materials, respectively. The relationship between the grayscale value ratios of the peak wavelength images of these two mechanoluminescent materials and the impact velocity and impact force was established. The impact force distribution was successfully obtained through fist impact experiments, showing the impact forces of various knuckles on the flexible thin film and demonstrating the feasibility of this impact force detection method. This ML intensity ratio-based two-dimensional plane impact force detection method has broad application prospects in aerospace, military engineering, sports science, automotive safety testing, and industrial equipment safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 117003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}