Measurement最新文献

{"title":"Multi-process precision surface topography characterization and simulation based on multi-Gaussian and multi-fractal model","authors":"Chifeng Tian,&nbsp;Lihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surfaces produced by multi-process machining often exhibit both multi-Gaussian and multi-fractal features, which together govern key functional properties such as contact and friction. However, current methods for characterizing and simulating these surfaces primarily focus on the multi-Gaussian features, often overlooking the multi-fractal features and failing to effectively establish correlation between them. Furthermore, traditional multi-fractal simulation methods suffer from discontinuous transitions. To address these issues, the multi-Gaussian surfaces were first characterized and subsequently generated using the Probability Material Ratio Curve (PMRC). The intrinsic relationship between multi-Gaussian and multi-fractal features was also investigated. Furthermore, a novel characterization method based on a fitted Power Spectral Density (PSD) function is proposed. This method uses a continuous function to accurately describe multi-fractal features, enabling the corresponding surface simulation. On this basis, an iterative reordering algorithm has been introduced to effectively integrate the features of the simulated multi-Gaussian surface with those of the multi-fractal surface. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can accurately characterize the topography of multi-processed surfaces and achieve high-fidelity surface simulation using the characterized parameters as inputs. This research overcomes the limitations of single-characteristic modeling by enabling the parametric characterization and simulation of multi-processed surfaces with hybrid multi-Gaussian and multi-fractal features, thus providing an accurate way to predict their functional performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis-based data snooping for general symmetric transformation of 3-D point sets","authors":"Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The three-dimensional (3-D) symmetric transformation, which simultaneously accounts for measurement errors in both source and target coordinates, has gained significant research attention in measurement science as well as geospatial applications, particularly for geodetic datum transformation and point cloud registration. Current literatures have investigated the solutions to outlier-affected 3-D symmetric transformation problems through two types of approaches: robust estimation and data snooping. However, existing studies still lack a unified, robust, and computationally efficient framework capable of addressing general 3-D symmetric transformations (similarity, affine, and rigid) in the presence of outlier-contaminated measurements. To bridge this gap, we build upon our previous work to provide a unified formulation for these problems using the partial errors-in-variables (PEIV) model with equality constraints. Then, the equality-constrained PEIV model is solved using a constrained total least squares (CTLS) algorithm, and efficient computational formulas are derived. To enhance robustness and mitigate the impact of outliers, a novel data snooping algorithm for CTLS (DS-CTLS) is proposed, incorporating sensitivity analysis-based outlier detection mechanisms. Unlike the existing studies, DS-CTLS enables efficient outlier detection for generic 3-D symmetric transformation problems through a unified formulation framework. Experimental evaluations involving simulated similarity and affine transformations, as well as real-world rigid transformations in the application of point cloud registration, demonstrate that DS-CTLS achieves superior generality and enhanced robustness against outliers compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leo-enhanced multi-GNSS UDUC-PPP with ambiguity resolution for fast and high-precision positioning","authors":"Jing Fang ,&nbsp;Fang Cheng ,&nbsp;Rui Tu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the persistent limitations of multi‑system precise point positioning (PPP) in terms of convergence speed, ambiguity fixing rate, and especially positioning performance in kinematic scenarios, this study proposes a low-Earth orbit (LEO) fixed solution-enhanced positioning model, aiming to significantly improve both the positioning performance and ambiguity resolution (AR) performance of PPP. Based on the undifferenced and uncombined (UDUC) PPP framework, GPS, Galileo, and BDS-3 are enhanced using LEO satellites under both static and kinematic positioning modes, and performs AR for the satellites of the participating systems. Compared with the float solution, AR improves both positioning accuracy and convergence speed. After ambiguity resolution, the convergence time for static and kinematic positioning in the three-dimensional (3-D) direction is shortened by 24% and 8%, respectively, and the positioning accuracy is improved by 40% and 30%, respectively. Compared with single-system solutions, the inclusion of more systems improves positioning accuracy, convergence speed, and AR performance. In particular, the enhancement of LEO satellites significantly accelerates the convergence. The enhancement with LEO satellites shortens the 3-D convergence time for static and kinematic positioning by 88% and 91%, improves the positioning accuracy by 35% and 50%, increases the ambiguity fixing rate by 17% and 52%, and shortens the time to first fix (TTFF) by 72% and 79%, respectively. This study confirms that LEO satellite enhancement can effectively advance PPP technology toward rapid ambiguity resolution and real‑time high‑precision positioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From neural circuits to adaptive spatial navigation: A comprehensive review of brain-inspired navigation techniques","authors":"Yixin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Li Fu ,&nbsp;Maria S. Selezneva ,&nbsp;Konstantin A. Neusypin","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain-inspired navigation technology, which is derived from the neural mechanisms of the animal brain, demonstrates notable adaptability and energy efficiency. It offers solutions to the shortcomings of conventional analytical navigation systems in complex and dynamic environments. This approach effectively combines spatial cognition and path planning by integrating multimodal information perception, modeling navigation cells, and utilizing brain-inspired neural network algorithms. In particular, adaptability plays a central role in enabling systems to cope with environmental variability, sensor uncertainty and unexpected disturbances. However, challenges remain in enhancing information fusion accuracy, system robustness and real-time performance. Future research should emphasize investigating adaptive neural mechanisms in animals to guide the development of biologically plausible and computationally efficient navigation systems that can operate flexibly and reliably in real-world scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 121046"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TLPT-Net: A point transformer network dedicated to semantic segmentation of transmission line corridors","authors":"Shaocheng Wu ,&nbsp;Linong Wang ,&nbsp;Li Lu ,&nbsp;Shengxuan Zu ,&nbsp;Bin Song ,&nbsp;Jiachen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reliable operation of transmission lines is an essential prerequisite for ensuring the quality of people’s lives. With the development of technology, the digital transformation of transmission lines is a significant development proposition at present. Obtaining point clouds through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) provides important support for the digital transformation of large-scale transmission lines. However, existing research on semantic segmentation of point clouds in transmission line corridors still has limitations, such as the lack of segmentation research on insulator strings, a significant but small device, and insufficient attention to deep-learning models. Therefore, we proposed the Transmission Line Point Transformer Network (TLPT-Net), dedicated to semantic segmentation of transmission line corridors, which divided transmission line corridors into five types of point clouds: ground, ground line, insulator string, pylon, and transmission line. We considered the morphological and quantitative characteristics of point clouds of different categories in transmission line corridors, and we proposed Mixed Linear Edge Attention module, Topology layer, and Rectangular Grid Pooling strategies. In addition, we proposed some targeted model optimization strategies, including modifying patch grouping rules, modifying loss function, and modifying serialization encoding rules. The experimental results showed that the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU), mean Accuracy (mA), and Overall Accuracy (OA) indicators of TLPT-Net in the segmentation task of the transmission line corridor point cloud on the test set were 96.47%, 98.42%, and 99.52%, respectively. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art models for point cloud segmentation, TLPT-Net has improved mIoU by at least 3.48% and 3.44% in the validation and test sets, respectively. This work can provide support for digital operation and maintenance of transmission lines, such as tree barrier hazard assessment and safety distance evaluation for robot live-line work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D point cloud skeleton-based method for bridge girder virtual trial assembly","authors":"Chang Xu,&nbsp;Yanjie Zhu,&nbsp;Wen Xiong,&nbsp;Kaiwen Hu,&nbsp;C.S. Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing adoption of large-scale prefabricated girders in bridge construction, driven by technological advancements and accompanied by increasing bridge spans, heavier components, and more complex construction environments, has heightened quality control demands, leading to the widespread application of 3D point cloud-based virtual trial assembly (VTA). However, current VTA research primarily focuses on component assemblability, whereas studies of assembly alignment remain scarce, despite its direct impact on construction quality and the potential for accumulated deviations to cause stress concentrations that undermine long-term performance. This study proposes a 3D point cloud skeleton-based method to evaluate assembly alignment of box girders, offering quantitative insight into this critical performance factor. Specifically, multi-resolution point cloud downsampling is first applied to enhance computational efficiency while considering the missing top and bottom surfaces typically encountered in point clouds collected in beam yards. Then, key geometric features are extracted from individual slices and integrated across slices to construct the 3D point cloud skeleton. Finally, assembly pose adjustment is performed, and alignment is assessed by calculating the clearance at the assembly interface. The proposed method was validated through two world-class sea-crossing bridge projects in China, covering both steel and concrete box girders, demonstrating broad applicability. For the example girders studied, 97.56% and 60.50% of interface valid cells met tolerance requirements for the steel and concrete girders, respectively, with higher percentages reflecting better feasibility of achieving the designed assembly alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic measurement of bulk porosity during freezing in NaCl solutions using broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","authors":"Chuxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Zeng ,&nbsp;Chung K. Law ,&nbsp;Xing Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea ice is a porous medium composed of brine and ice, with the volume fraction of brine, namely the porosity, being an important physical parameter. However, its non-contact and dynamic measurement remains highly challenging due to the complexity of the multiphase environment. Broadband terahertz wave exhibits relatively high transmittance through ice compared to infrared radiation, making it highly promising for quantitative and dynamic observations. Apart from single-phase measurements, no experimental work has yet demonstrated the quantitative resolution of solid–liquid phase transitions using terahertz spectroscopy. In this work, we achieve dynamic measurements of the brine volume fraction at the focal point of the terahertz beam with salinities ranging from 0.9 wt% to 2.1 wt% under fixed temperature conditions, during the bottom-up freezing process of brine over a period of three hours. The time-domain signals are valid when the brine volume fraction is below 60%, while the upper detection limit determined from the dynamic range within 0.5-1THz in the frequency domain is around 40%, with the optimal measurement range being below 25%. Compared with the ideal saturation curves calculated from the measured temperature and the mass conservation of salt and water, the accuracy of our measurement results and the trend with salinity variations are validated. The demonstration of quantitative and dynamic measurement of brine freezing indicates the feasibility and potential of broadband terahertz absorption spectroscopy for real-time analysis in solid–liquid multiphase environments and porous media, such as sea ice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIM-based Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) method for indoor mobile robot","authors":"Kang Yue ,&nbsp;Brian Staes ,&nbsp;Wensheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an enhanced BIM-based Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) algorithm designed to overcome two critical technical barriers facing indoor mobile robotics: (1) the difficulty in acquiring a mobile robot’s priori information, and (2) insufficient localization accuracy in indoor environment. The study analyzes and extracts geometric and semantic information of interior space structure through a Building Information Model (BIM), then building multi-layer raster maps for localization and navigation applications. The semantic layer map serves as a priori information to fuse a mobile robot’s LiDAR and vision sensor measurement information during the mobile robot operation. The proposed BIM-AMCL method improves obtaining prior information required for localization from BIM and optimizes the localization process. The experimental results demonstrate that the BIM-AMCL method maintains errors within 10 cm for both global and tracking localization processes, and within 5° for orientation error. Compared to the lidar-only AMCL approach, the proposed method achieves a 41.69% reduction in positional error and a 60.71% decrease in angular error, with a 55.56% improvement in global localization speed. Furthermore, by leveraging BIM-derived prior knowledge, the robot attains immediate localization and navigation capabilities without requiring environmental exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel optical fiber technology tailored for in-situ monitoring of chloride ion in saturated soil under ultra-gravity extreme environments","authors":"Honghan Dong ,&nbsp;Sheng-Jie Wei ,&nbsp;Liyun Ding ,&nbsp;Runqi Yao ,&nbsp;Jixing Huang ,&nbsp;Yun-Min Chen ,&nbsp;Wenjie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The leakage of leachate from landfills, tailing ponds, and other underground facilities for storing hazardous materials poses severe contamination risks to groundwater and soil. This paper presented a self-developed 1.4 mm-diameter optical fiber probe, which is based on the principle of fluorescence quenching and to monitor the chloride ion concentration in the pore solution of sand in centrifuge tests for the first time. The measurement accuracy of this optical fiber probe is 4%-6% under a centrifugal acceleration of 80 g. The results demonstrate that this optical fiber probe can effectively monitor the in-situ chloride ion concentration in the pore solution of saturated soil in real-time and continuously under the extreme centrifugal force conditions. It has good compressive performance and reversibility, indicating a promising application in monitoring for deep-buried sites in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intelligent ANFIS-based sensorless control scheme for robust rotor position estimation and minimisation of ripples in PMSM drive","authors":"Shilpa Ranjan,&nbsp;Madhusudan Singh,&nbsp;Mini Sreejeth","doi":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An intelligent sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) incorporating super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed in this work to enhance position and speed estimation of PMSM drive. This method leverages the benefits of both traditional STSMO and neuro-fuzzy-enhanced STSMO. Stability is further ensured by the incorporation of speed-dependent adaptive gains. The proposed method successfully addresses issues such as chattering and DC offset, while providing precise and smooth speed and position estimation. Nevertheless, noise in the back-EMF signal and DC offsets might still lead to estimation inaccuracies. The predicted back electromotive force (EMF) signal is refined by integrating ANFIS with STSMO to address these problems. Lyapunov-based analysis establishes observer stability, and computational assessment confirms real-time feasibility. Validation has been conducted through simulations and experimental analysis under various dynamic scenarios, including speed variation, load disturbances, and startup conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves superior rotor position and minimises torque ripple while ensuring robust and smooth operation. Additionally, it offers faster settling times and less speed overshoot compared to traditional approaches, highlighting its potential for industrial PMSM applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18349,"journal":{"name":"Measurement","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 120955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}